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Newman J.R. (ed.) — The World of Mathematics, Volume 4
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Название: The World of Mathematics, Volume 4Автор: Newman J.R. (ed.) Аннотация: Volume 4 of a monumental 4-volume set covers such topics as mathematical machines, mathematics in warfare, a mathematical theory of art, mathematics of the good, mathematics in literature, mathematics and music, and amusements, puzzles, and fancies. Individual contributions by A. M. Turing, Aldous Huxley, Sir James Jeans, Lewis Carroll, and other notables. Informative commentary by noted mathematics scholar James R. Newman precedes each essay. Numerous figures.
Язык: Рубрика: Математика /Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц ed2k: ed2k stats Год издания: 2000Количество страниц: 448Добавлена в каталог: 07.04.2008Операции: Положить на полку |
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Equation, definition 28 410—411 Equation, degrees 29 34 2005 Equation, differential 147 Equation, Diophantine 509 Equation, geometrical and mechanical, letters used in 50 Equation, indeterminate 105 Equation, lines 245 Equation, of irreducible degree n 512 Equation, roots 119 145 309 364 Equation, setting up 1985—1987 Equiangular spiral 147 Equilateral triangle 2386 2389 Equilateral triangle, Euclidean construction 502 Equilibrium, symmetric 686 Equilibrium, unstable 1381 1382 1384 1390 Equinoxes, precession 268 Equivalence of sentences 1918—1919 Equivalence, principle of 1098 Erasmus, Desiderius 600 Eratosthenes, earth circumference 188 205—207 783 792 871 Ergodic hypothesis 2182 Errera, Leo 1035 Errors, compensation of 56 292 Errors, maintaining old 740 Errors, normal distribution 303 Errors, theory of 1157 1385 1389 1457—1468 1471—1473 Escapement, grasshopper 809 Esthetics see “Aesthetics” Ether and Reality (Lodge), quoted 1114 Ether, concept 219 Ether, continuous medium 1115 Ether, light, speed of 1117 Ethica, Principia (Moore) 1357 1361—1362 Ethical formula 2199 Ethical measure, concept, specific problems 2200—2206 Ethical notions, systematic codification 2206 2207 Ethical problems, international 2204—2206 Ethical problems, social 2200—2204 Ethical problems, solution 2202 2206 Ethical theory, probability 1361 Ethics (Spinoza) 1295 Ethics, economics, relation to 1221 Ethics, mathematical treatment 2184 Ethics, science of aims 1782 Eucharist, symmetry 675 677 Euclid (Proclus) 189 190 Euclid and His Modern Rivals (Dodgson) 2400 Euclid to Eddington, From (Whittaker) 1047 Euclid, angles of triangle 159 188 190 Euclid, axioms 1587—1589 2054 Euclid, classical axiomatics 1725 Euclid, constructive intuition, method 649 Euclid, continuity, postulate of 559 Euclid, elementary flatness 561 Euclid, Elements of Geometry 11 41 69 100 101—102 108 141 190 193 552—553 1648 Euclid, exhaustion, method of 188 Euclid, Fallacies, Book of 102 Euclid, fifth postulate 2055 Euclid, geometry 876 Euclid, homaloid space 656 657 660 Euclid, infinite descent 505 Euclid, parallel postulate 102 158 168 546 565 2345 Euclid, perfect numbers 506 Euclid, perspective, geometry of 605 625 627 Euclid, postulates, inadequacy 1636—1637 Euclid, prime numbers 157 501 1678—1679 2437 2437 Euclid, profit from learning 101 193 212 Euclid, Pythagoras’s theorem 188 190—192 Euclid, solids, five regular 222 Euclid, space structure 680 Euclid, space, geometric relations 546 Euclid, spherical trigonometry 109 Euclid, superposition 561 Euclid, theorems 2030 2033 2354 Euclid, triangle 2323 Euclidean algorithm 513 Euclidean construction 502 Euclidean spaces 1606—1607 Euclid’s Elements, The Thirteen Books of (Heath) 191 fn. 1647 Eudemus 16 107 190 193 Eudemus, quoted 85 Eudoxus, biography 96 Eudoxus, divided line, geometry of 98 Eudoxus, equal ratios 99 117 527 Eudoxus, Euclid’s Elements 101 Eudoxus, exhaustion, method of 92 Eudoxus, infinitesimals 41 152 Eudoxus, irrationals 96 165 Eudoxus, mechanics, art of 180—181 Eudoxus, planetary theory 96 Eudoxus, postulate 1974 2034 Eudoxus, pure number 163 Eudoxus, ratios, definition 525 Eudoxus, sun, diameter 421 Eugenics, Galton and After (Blacker) 1169 Euler — Lagrange equation 889 Euler, Leonhard, analytical geometry 133 Euler, Leonhard, belief in Gotf 2377—2378 Euler, Leonhard, biography 148—149 Euler, Leonhard, Cartesian and Newtonian systems, comparison 148 Euler, Leonhard, column, height 1906 Euler, Leonhard, differential calculus 152 Euler, Leonhard, diophantfne analysis 510 Euler, Leonhard, energy 571 Euler, Leonhard, infinitesimal calculus 59 Euler, Leonhard, isoperimetrical problem 153 Euler, Leonhard, mathematical analysis 299 Euler, Leonhard, numerical calculations, immense 821 Euler, Leonhard, partitions, theory of 515 Euler, Leonhard, perfect numbers 506 Euler, Leonhard, planetary motion 149 Euler, Leonhard, polyhedron, formula 571 581—585 587 591 Euler, Leonhard, population increase 1194 Euler, Leonhard, prime numbers 501 Euler, Leonhard, quadratic reciprocity 301 302 Euler, Leonhard, surface, characteristic 594—595 597 Euler, Leonhard, topology 571 Euler, Leonhard, variations, calculus of 883 902 Euler, Leonhard, Weber’s Law 1156 Euler, Leonhard, writings 157 Euler, Leonhard, “Seven Bridges of Konigsberg, The” 571—580 Europe, counters 459 Europe, decimal notation 114 117 Europe, mathematics, influence upon general thought 413 Europe, mathematics, introduction 13 18 Europe, modern numerals 452—453 Evans, G.C. 888 Eve, A.S. 2465 Even perfect number 506 Everett, Edward, mathematical truths 2349 Everything Has a History (Haldane) 951 fn. Evolute, curve 108 Evolution, Darwinian theory 413 Evolution, history of theory of 2359—2360 Evolution, hybridization 962—963 Evolution, mutations 962 963 964 Evolutionary change, rate of 951 Ewart, A.J. 1007 fn. Exact results, compensation of errors 56 Exact sciences, application of calculus of probabilities to 1393 Exact, practical and theoretical meaning 550 Exactness and universality, connection between 551 Excentric, planetary orbit 226 Exchange, rate of 1209 Exchange, theory of 1231—1235 Exchange, value in 1207 Exchangeable values, theory of 1209 Excluded middle, law of 168 1664 1748—1749 1866 1927 Exhaustion, method of 41 53 92 97 101 188 193—195 2329 Existential quantifiers 1906 Existential sentences 1905—1906 Exner, Sigmund 1043 fn. Expectations, calculations of 1338 Experiment, sensitiveness of 1518—1521 Experimental evidence, importance 120 Experimental procedure 1457 Experimental psychology 1148—1149 Experimental Science, Robert Grosseteste and the Origins of (A.C. Crombie) 726 fn. Explicative reasoning 1347 1348 Exponents, symbol 23 Extension, boundless 2345 Extensive abstraction 399 External World, Our Knowledge of the (Russell) 2411 Extracts (Stobaeus) 193 Extraordinary, defined 1332 Eyck, Jan van 605 Eyes, size related to sight 955—956 1027 Factorization of large numbers 503 Facts from Figures (Moroney) 1456 Fahie, J.J., Galileo, His Life and Work 782 fn. Faistauer, A., “Links und rechts im Bilde” 685 fn. Fallacies, arithmetic 1946—1948 Fallacies, Book of (Euclid) 102 Fallacies, geometric 1948—1949 Fallibilism 1770 Fallibilism and Belief (Chisholm) 1769 Falling bodies; acceleration 727 729 734—754 Falling bodies; acceleration, air resistance 761 762 Falling bodies; acceleration, inclined and vertical planes, theorem 748—749 Falling bodies; acceleration, law of 548 549 Falling bodies; acceleration, momentum, measuring 767—769 770 Falling bodies; acceleration, planes, variously inclined, theorem 749—750 Falling bodies; acceleration, quadratic law 1833 Falling bodies; acceleration, ratio of spaces and time-intervals 743—747 759 Falling bodies; acceleration, velocity 45—51 739 752 Family expenditure (table) 1501 1502 1503 Fancourt, Samuel 2379 Fanti, Gismondo 617 Faraday Medal 930 Faraday, Michael, electromagnetic phenomena 1053 Faraday, Michael, light waves 1115 Faraday’s law 1827 Farbenlehre (Goethe) 2016 Faust (Goethe), quoted 271—272 2329 Fechner, Gustav Theodor, Aesthetik, Vorschule der 1155 Fechner, Gustav Theodor, commentary on 1146—1147 Fechner, Gustav Theodor, experimental esthetics 1154 1155 Fechner, Gustav Theodor, habit neurosis 1151 Fechner, Gustav Theodor, Holbein Madonnas 1154—1155 Fechner, Gustav Theodor, ideas, development of 1148—1156 Fechner, Gustav Theodor, limen of consciousness 1164 Fechner, Gustav Theodor, measurement 1146 1153 1164 Fechner, Gustav Theodor, psychophysics 1148 1152 1153 1155 1156—1166 1345 Fechner, Gustav Theodor, Psychophysik, Elemente der 1149 1153 1154 1156 1163 Fechner, Gustav Theodor, publications 1150—1152 1153 1155 Fechner, Gustav Theodor, sensation, measuring 1158—1163 Fechner, Gustav Theodor, spiritual problem, philosophical solution 1151 Fechner, Gustav Theodor, Zend-Avesta 1151 1152 1153 1156 Fechner, Gustav Theodor, “Gustav Theodor Fechner” (Boring) 1148—1166 Fechner’s law 1153 1160 1161 Federov, space groups 878 Feedback, machine control 2066 Feedback, principle 1307 Feeling and motives, measurement 1219—1220 Feliciano, Felice 616 Fermat, Pierre de, calculus 132 500 Fermat, Pierre de, discoveries 130 236 Fermat, Pierre de, equation 2336 Fermat, Pierre de, induction 68 Fermat, Pierre de, infinite descent, method of 311 505 Fermat, Pierre de, last theorem 136 312 326 333 504 509—515 2437—2438 Fermat, Pierre de, light refraction 882 882 Fermat, Pierre de, little or lesser theorem 506 516 Fermat, Pierre de, mathematical probability 135 Fermat, Pierre de, optics 883 Fermat, Pierre de, quoted 116 Fermat, Pierre de, tangents to curves 53 Fermat, Pierre de, theorem 2032 Fermat, Pierre de, theory of numbers 68 136 155 236 303 500—515 2437 Ferrari, quartic equation 119 Ferro, Scipio 78 118 119 Fertilization, artificial 937 Fibonacci sequence 718—719 Fibonacci, Leonardo see “Leonardo of Pisa” Fiction and reality, distinction 1336 Field equation 1320—1321 Field, circular, measuring 14 Fifteen puzzle 2429—2432 Fifty, Roman numeral 448 Figure, meanings 2339 Figures, Data and Division of (Euclid) 102 Figures, isoperimetric 188 207—209 Figures, measurement 12 Figures, relations between different parts 14 Figures, space-filling 86 Filar micrometer 791 Final degree of utility 1226—1227 Findley, Alexander, Chemistry, A Hundred Years of 911 fn. Fine-structure constant 1085—1086 Finger counting 435 436—441 455 Finger numerals 455—456 Finite and infinite classes 538 Finite differences, calculus of 267 Fink, Karl 71 Fire arms, speed of projectiles 764 Fire, characteristic shape 96 Fish, length and weight, correlation 1002 Fisher, Irving 1201 fn. 1202 Fisher, Irving, quoted 1217 Fisher, Ronald A., Design of Experiments, The 1458 Fisher, Ronald A., evolution of dominance 967—969 Fisher, Ronald A., human stature, inheritance 966 Fisher, Ronald A., Malthusian parameters 965 Fisher, Ronald A., Statistical Methods for Research Workers 1458 Fisher, Ronald A., “Mathematics of a Lady Tasting Tea” 1512—1521 Fitzgerald Contraction 1119—1120 Five hundred, Roman numeral 450 Five, Arabic numeral 454 Five, Roman numeral 448 Five, symmetry of 720 Fixed cell, size 1033 Flagellum, properties 1041 Flammarion, Camille 1384 1389 Flamsteed, John, Greenwich star catalogue 801 Flamsteed, John, Uranus, observations 822 823 826 Flamsteed, John, “astronomical observator” 801 Flat space 656—651 659—660 1079 Flatland (Abbott), commentary on 2383—2384 Flatland (Abbott), prophetic nature 2384 fn. Flatland, climate and houses 2386—2388 Flatland, inhabitants 2388—2391 Flatland, nature of 2385—2386 Flatland, three dimension theory 2391—2396 Flaubert, Gustave, puzzle 2417 Flea, jumping powers 956 1012 1013 1014 Flies, dance 1045 1045 Flight and Probability, Theory of (Von Mises) 1618 Flight speed, birds 1017—1019 1020 1021—1022 Flight speed, insects 1020 fn. 1022 Flight, The Dynamics of Mechanical (GreenhiU) 1019 fn. Floating Bodies (Archimedes) 199 Flourens, Pierre Jean Marie 1149 Flowers, cyclic symmetry 707 Flowing quantities 289 Fluid, gravitating mass in rotation 1377 Fluid, irrotational rotation 1097 Fluid, motion 267 323 716 Fluid, solid immersed in 185—186 188 199—200 2406—2409 Fluxions, A Treatise of (Maclaurin) 287 fn. Fluxions, method of 48 52 58 61 142 152 258 286 288—293 2056
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