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Newman J.R. (ed.) — The World of Mathematics, Volume 4
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Íàçâàíèå: The World of Mathematics, Volume 4Àâòîð: Newman J.R. (ed.) Àííîòàöèÿ: Volume 4 of a monumental 4-volume set covers such topics as mathematical machines, mathematics in warfare, a mathematical theory of art, mathematics of the good, mathematics in literature, mathematics and music, and amusements, puzzles, and fancies. Individual contributions by A. M. Turing, Aldous Huxley, Sir James Jeans, Lewis Carroll, and other notables. Informative commentary by noted mathematics scholar James R. Newman precedes each essay. Numerous figures.
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L’Estrange, Sir Roger, quoted 1240 MacClement, W.D. 1036 fn. Macdonald, Charles Baird, quoted 2456 Macdonald, James 439 fn. 1007 Macfarlane, Alexander 340 fn. 2435 Mach, Ernst, commentary on 1784—1786 Mach, Ernst, continuity, principle of 1833 Mach, Ernst, magnetic needle deviation 683 685 Mach, Ernst, Mechanics, The Science of 1725—1727 1785—1786 Mach, Ernst, Newtonian mechanics 1725—1727 Mach, Ernst, positivism 1784 Mach, Ernst, “Economy of Science, The” 1787—1795 Machine, discrete state 2104—2105 2106 2115 Machine, learning 2117—2123 Machine, self-regulating 2066 Machine, thinking see “Thinking machine” Mack, Heinrich 294 fn. MacLane, S., Algebra, Modern, A Survey of 1625 fn. Maclaurin, Colin, analysis 165 Maclaurin, Colin, biography 151 Maclaurin, Colin, fluxions 152 287 Maclaurin, Colin, Fluxions, A Treatise of 287 fn. Maclaurin, Colin, lines and figures 153 Maclaurin, Colin, planets, equilibrium 152 Maclaurin, Colin, projective geometry 102 Maclaurin, Colin, spheroids, elliptical 149 MacMahon, P.A., quoted 341 Maelzel Chess Automaton 2125 Magellan, Ferdinand, navigation 780 789 871 Magendie, Francois 1149 Magian, limit-feeling 2331 2332 Magic square 2436 Magnan, A. 1020 fn. Magnetic needle deviation 683 Magnifying glass, invention 116—117 Magnitude, absolute 1003 Magnitude, cells 1031 1032—1033 Magnitude, concrete 2336 Magnitude, measurable 2333 2334 Magnitude, negative 2325 Magnitude, number 2324 2331 Magnitude, proportion 2341 Magnitude, relative 1002 1003 Magnitude, science of 1856 Magnitude, spatial 1001 Magnitude, table 1037 Magnus, Albertus 726 Mahaffy, J.P., Descartes 235 fn. Main Theorem of von Neumann 1288 1289 1293 Maine, Henry James Sumner, quoted 189 Males and females, Mortality, Bills of 1431—1433 Maloney, Russell, “Inflexible Logic” 2261 2262—2267 Malthus, Thomas Robert, commentary on 1189—1191 Malthus, Thomas Robert, Population As It Affects the Future Improvement of Society, Principle of 1189 1190 Malthus, Thomas Robert, “Mathematics of Wealth” 1192—1199 Malthusian parameters 965 Malus, Etienne Louis 161 Mammals, evolution 962 Mammals, metabolic activity (table) 1011 fn. Man and Culture (Wissler) 2351 fn. Man, ability to fly 1022—1023 Man, primitive, inventions 8 Man, unnamed numbers, grasping 495 Mandelstam, Stanley 882 fn. Mangiamele, Vito 476 Manifold, three-dimensional closed 598—599 Mankind, Nature and Providence, Prospects of (Wallace) 1189 Mankind, study of 1294—1295 Mann, Thomas, snow crystals, symmetry 712—713 Mansfield, Lord, quoted 288 Mantegna, Andrea 616 Many-dimensional geometry 134 Mapping, conformal 337 Mapping, congruent 696 Mapping, defined 672 Mapping, transformation 694—695 Maps, geographical, coloring 590—591 Maps, geographical, measuring angles 17 Maps, geographical, three-country corners 1968—1970 Maps, The Story of (Brown) 778 fn. 779 Marcellus (Plutarch), quoted 180—185 Marchant, Nicholas 786 Marignac, Jean Charles de 916 Marine chronometer 779 804 Mariotte, Edme 1381 Market, meaning 1213 fn. Marlowe, Christopher, quoted 220 Mars (planet), motion of 226—228 230 Mars (planet), observation 793 799 Marsh, Adam 726 Marshall, Alfred 1200 1200 1202 1356 Martin, W.J., Physique of Young Males, The 1505 Martin, W.R., “Navigation” 780 fn. Martingale, gambling 1337—1338 Martini, Francesco di Giorgio 616 Martini, Simone, “The Annunciation” 622 623 Maskelyne, Rev. Nevil 814 815 817 Mason, C.W. 1028 fn. Mass point attraction 266 Mass, gravitational and inertial 268 Mass-ratio, proton and electron 1075 Master pattern, culture 2312 Matching pennies 1264 1286—1288 1311 Materialism and Empirio-Criticism (Lenin) 1785 Materialism, History of (Lange) 958 Materialistic theory, probability 1342—1343 Mathematica, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia 290 fn. Mathematical analysis 1836 Mathematical Analysis of Logic, The (Boole) 1679 1856—1858 Mathematical Biology of Social Behavior (Rashevsky) 1299 Mathematical culture, origin 2361 Mathematical demonstration 2042 Mathematical Discoveries of Newton (Turnbull) 520 fn. Mathematical economics 1200 Mathematical entities, mystic significance 2017 Mathematical entities, status 408—409 Mathematical evidence, foundations of mathematics 1745—1747 Mathematical Excursions (Merrill) 2417 fn. Mathematical expectation 1363 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 Mathematical fallacies 1945—1953 Mathematical Field, Psychology of Invention in the (Hadamard) 2039 Mathematical formulas, independent existence 2355 2357 Mathematical growth, process 2357 Mathematical logic 1576—1590 1781—1783 Mathematical Logic (Quine) 1628 fn. Mathematical logic, basic logical relations 1736—1737 Mathematical logic, deduction, difficulty 1739—1740 Mathematical logic, formalization 1737—1739 Mathematical logic, symbolic logic 1852 1859 1910 Mathematical logic, tautologies and factual statements 1733—1736 Mathematical Methods of Statistics (Cramer) 1257 fn. Mathematical operations, morphology of 2342 Mathematical Papers (Sylvester) 348 Mathematical Papers, Collected (Cayley) 362 Mathematical Philosophy (Keyser) 570 fn. 1536 Mathematical philosophy of left and right 679 Mathematical Philosophy, Introduction to (Russell) 378 1815 Mathematical Philosophy, Introduction to (Russell), quoted 1558 Mathematical physics, first text-book 267 Mathematical postulates, axiomatics 1723—1733 Mathematical postulates, foundations of mathematics 1744—1754 Mathematical postulates, logistic 1733—1744 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (Newton) see “Principia” Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth (Cournot) 1201 Mathematical Probability, An Introduction tO 1450 fn. Mathematical probability, birth of idea 135 Mathematical problems, Rhind papyrus 171—178 Mathematical propositions 1708—1722 Mathematical propositions, analytic character 1621—1622 Mathematical propositions, self-evident truths 1619—1620 Mathematical Psychics (Southworth) 2199 fn. Mathematical Psychology of War (Richardson) 1238 1246 Mathematical Recreations and Essays (Ball) 466 1947 2417 Mathematical science, accuracy 1219 Mathematical science, consistency, categoricalness, independence 1697—1701 Mathematical science, growth in ancient times 8—18 Mathematical science, ideal elements in geometry 1701—1703 Mathematical science, points, lines, and plane at infinity 1703—1706 Mathematical science, projective and metric geometry 1706—1707 Mathematical science, undefined elements and unproved propositions 1696—1697 Mathematical Society, American 503 Mathematical Society, London 2372—2376 Mathematical space 1605—1610 Mathematical statistics 1301—1302 1463 Mathematical terms, Greek derivation 152 Mathematical theology 2369—2370 Mathematical theorems 2029—2034 Mathematical Theory of Communication (Shannon and Weaver) 1312 2069 Mathematical Theory of Human Relations (Rashevsky) 1299 Mathematical Tracts (Robins) 287 fn. Mathematical truth, arithmetic, concepts 1627—1630 Mathematical truth, axiomatized deductive system 1622—1623 Mathematical truth, mathematics, applicability to empirical subject matter 1631—1634 Mathematical truth, mathematics, branch of logic 1631 Mathematical truth, mathematics, empirical science 1620—1621 Mathematical truth, Peano’s axiom system 1623—1626 Mathematical truth, Peano’s postulates, truth of 1630 Mathematical truth, Peano’s primitives, interpretations 1626—1627 Mathematical truth, propositions, analytic character 1621—1622 Mathematical truth, self-evident truths 1619—1620 Mathematicians, cabbalists 2017 Mathematicians, date list, 18th century B.C. — 20th century A.D. 78 Mathematicians, pattern makers 2027 Mathematician’s Delight (Sawyer) 1491 Mathematico-Deductive Theory of Rote Learning (Hull et al.) 1295 Mathematics and logic, developments, 19th century 1669—1675 Mathematics and Natural Science, Philosophy of (Weyl) 1831 Mathematics and the Imagination (Kasner and Newman) 2350 fn. Mathematics for the General Reader (Titchmarsh) 3 Mathematics in Europe, The History of (Sullivan) 74 Mathematics in Western Culture (Kline) 602 Mathematics of Great Amateurs, The (Coolidge) 601 fn. Mathematics, abstractions 1671 1774—1775 1777—1778 1834 1842—1843 Mathematics, advances before 17th century 410 Mathematics, Amusements in (Dudeney) 2417 fn. Mathematics, analogous to music 2342 Mathematics, as an art 2015—2021 Mathematics, autonomous science 315 Mathematics, axiomatic 1616 1622—1623 1636 1846 Mathematics, Brief History of (Fink) 71 Mathematics, calculus of probability 1404 1450 1451 Mathematics, Cambridge University students 1174—1177 Mathematics, classification 85—86 Mathematics, Concise History of (Struik) 74 Mathematics, construction 1847 Mathematics, continuity 2410—2411 Mathematics, defining object of 2319 Mathematics, definitions 1830 Mathematics, Descartes’ contribution 236 Mathematics, Development of (Bell) 294 Mathematics, discovery 66 407 Mathematics, empirical origin 2060—2063 Mathematics, empirical science 1620—1621 1631—1634 1709—1713 Mathematics, epistemology, relationship 2056 Mathematics, essence of 1773—1783 Mathematics, experimental research 884—885 Mathematics, Faustian limit-problem 2343 Mathematics, form of behavior 2353 Mathematics, formalism 1751 Mathematics, formalization 1970—1971 Mathematics, foundations 413 1614—1618 1744—1754 2057—2059 Mathematics, functionality, idea of 411 Mathematics, groups, theory of 1534—1537 Mathematics, harmonic analysis 2297—2301 Mathematics, heredity 937—949 Mathematics, history of 2319—2320 Mathematics, History of (Ball) 71 74 466 Mathematics, History of (Cajori) 286 fn. Mathematics, History of (Smith) 210 fn. 454 Mathematics, History of Japanese (Smith and Mikami) 2429 fn. Mathematics, hypothetical states of things 1775—1777 1779 1781 Mathematics, implication 1917—1918 Mathematics, indirect proof 89 Mathematics, interpolation 140 145 Mathematics, Introduction to (White-head) 3 291 398 412 Mathematics, intuition 1956 1958 Mathematics, Invitation to (Dresden) 2423 fn. Mathematics, language 1294 1297 Mathematics, logicism 6 7 44 1631 1753—1754 1870 1894 Mathematics, modern, generalization 511 Mathematics, modern, rise and progress 19—43 53—62 Mathematics, monomania 403 2027 Mathematics, natural science, application to 43—52 69—70 Mathematics, new terms 1996—2010 Mathematics, observation 1758—1766 Mathematics, originality 402 Mathematics, originates in experience 2051 Mathematics, paradoxes 1935 1936 Mathematics, perspective 611 Mathematics, philosophy 156 188 193 410 Mathematics, practical consequences 2029 2034 Mathematics, Principles of (Russell) 378 Mathematics, pure see “Pure mathematics” Mathematics, Pythagoreans’ progress 83 408 Mathematics, queen of 498—518 Mathematics, recreational 2416 Mathematics, science of magnitude 1856 Mathematics, science of quantities 1773 Mathematics, social application 1264—1266 Mathematics, Source Book in (Smith) 291 fn. 509 Mathematics, structure 1306 Mathematics, symbolic construction 1838 1840 Mathematics, Synopsis of Pure (Carr) 366 368 Mathematics, teaching, reform of 1832 Mathematics, theoretical physics 2061—2063 Mathematics, variables, importance of 1908—1909 Mathematics, vocabulary 1994 Mathematics, warfare 2138—2157 Mathematics, weaMathematics, American Journal of 357 Mathematics, What is? (Courant and Robbins) 571 882 2411 Mathematics-Queen and Servant of Science (Bell) 497 Mathematik, Versuch eines vollkommen consequenten Systems der (Ohm) 293 Mathematik, Vorlesungen fiber Geschichte der (Cantor) 572 fn. Mathematiques, Formulaire de (Peano) 1870 1871—1874 Mathematiques, Recreations (Lucas) 2417 fn. Mathematische Vnterhaltungen und Spiele (Ahrens) 2417 fn. Mathematischer Papyrus (Struve) 169 fn. Matrices, method 1923—1927 Matrices, theory of 342 359 361 396 Matter, motion of 568 1204 Matter, movements 1204 Matter, Ultimate Constituents of (Russell) 1552 Maupertuis, Pierre de, least action, principle of 883 883 1303 Maximization principle 1268 Maximum entropy 992 994 Maximum minimorum 1272 1276 1277 Maximum principle 882—883 Maximum problems 887 889 Maxwell, James Clerk, bees, flying 1045 Maxwell, James Clerk, colors, aggregate 656 Maxwell, James Clerk, electro-magnetism 644 880 1053 Maxwell, James Clerk, ergodic hypothesis 2182 Maxwell, James Clerk, light waves 1115 Maxwell, James Clerk, molecular science 1042 Maxwell, James Clerk, quoted 774 975 Maxwell, James Clerk, symbolism 1827—1828 Maxwell, James Clerk, “Atom” 1035 Mayer, Johann Tobias 814 823 Mayer, Julius Robert, conservation of energy 643 fn. McCulloch — Pitts theory of formal neural networks 2089—2090
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