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Newman J.R. (ed.) — The World of Mathematics, Volume 4
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Íàçâàíèå: The World of Mathematics, Volume 4Àâòîð: Newman J.R. (ed.) Àííîòàöèÿ: Volume 4 of a monumental 4-volume set covers such topics as mathematical machines, mathematics in warfare, a mathematical theory of art, mathematics of the good, mathematics in literature, mathematics and music, and amusements, puzzles, and fancies. Individual contributions by A. M. Turing, Aldous Huxley, Sir James Jeans, Lewis Carroll, and other notables. Informative commentary by noted mathematics scholar James R. Newman precedes each essay. Numerous figures.
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Continuous function 411 Continuous quantities, digitalization 2087—2088 Continuous, physics of the 876 Continuum 1058—1064 1599 1839—1840 1841 Contradiction, law of 1664—1666 1866 1927 Control mechanisms, cybernetics 1308 Convergence, uniform 108 Convex mirror, images in 661 662—663 665 Convivial Questions (Plutarch) 190 Cook, Captain 818 Cooke, Josiah P. 915 926 Coolidge, Julian Lowell, Geometrical Methods, A History of 169 fn. 236 Coolidge, Julian Lowell, Geometrical Methods, A History of, quoted 237 fn. Coolidge, Julian Lowell, Mathematical Probability, An Introduction to 1450 fn. Coolidge, Julian Lowell, Mathematics of Great Amateurs, The 601 fn. Coolidge, Julian Lowell, “Binomial Theorem, The Story of” 519 fn. Coolidge, Julian Lowell, “Gambler’s Ruin, The” 1450 fn. Copernican system 109 553—554 Copernicus, Nicolaus, heliocentric theory 110 120 218 226 227 728 Copernicus, Nicolaus, hypothesis 1295 Copernicus, Nicolaus, Mercury, motions 229 Copernicus, Nicolaus, Orbium Coelestium, De Revolutionibus 218 232 Copernicus, Nicolaus, planetary motion 1204 Copernicus, Nicolaus, Venus, phases 732 Coplanar lines 102 Corbeiller, Philippe Le, biography 853 Corbeiller, Philippe Le, crystals, mathematics of 852 Corbeiller, Philippe Le, “Crystals and the Future of Physics” 871—881 Coriolis, Gaspard G. de, “work done by a body” 1399 Correlation, principle 1170 Correns, C 932 976 Correspondence, one-to-one 540 1063 1065 1593 1690 1945 Corrigible propositions 1710—1713 1721 Cosine 18 39 Cosmic cycle, philosophy 1554—1557 Cosmic rays 1091 Cosmical constant 1075—1076 1080 Cosmical number 1069 Cosmogony and Stellar Dynamics (Jeans) 2275 Cosmographicum, Mysterium (Kepler) 125 Cosmology, relativistic 1848 Cosmos, changes in conception of 553 Cost of living index 1499 1501—1504 Cotes, Roger 151 269 280 Cottingham, E.T. 1101 Counters 451 458 459 462 Counting see also “Calculation” Counting, animals’ ability 433—434 Counting, art of 430—431 Counting, board 458 459 460 462 Counting, finger method 435 436—441 455 Counting, house 459 Counting, number symbols 1838 1839 Counting, practical methods 435—436 Counting, primitive methods 434—435 Counting, rules for 1799—1801 Counting, sexagesimal method 89 Courant Richard, biography 571 Courant Richard, What Is Mathematics? 2411 fn. Courant Richard, “Lever of Mahomet” 2412—2413 Courant Richard, “Plateau’s Problem” 901—909 Courant Richard, “Soap Film Experiments with Minimal Surfaces” 884 fn. Courant Richard, “Topology” 581—599 Cournot, Antoine Augustin, commentary on 1200—1202 Cournot, Antoine Augustin, duopoly 1267 Cournot, Antoine Augustin, Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth 1201 Cournot, Antoine Augustin, “Mathematics of Value and Demand” 1203—1216 Cours d’analyse (Jordan) 2037 covariants 355 Cowley, Abraham, quoted 1421 Cowper, William, quoted 255 2348 Craig, John, mathematical theology 2369—2370 Cramer, HM Mathematical Methods of Statistics 1257 fn. Crew, Henry 733 fn. Criminal statistics 1261 Cristus, Petrus 605 Criticism, three processes 404—405 Crombie, A. C 726 fn. 729 731 732 Crommelin, A.C.D. 1101 Crookes, Sir William 854—855 918 1025 2464 Cross-cap 597 Cross-ratio, projective invariance 632—633 635 638 639 Crowther, J.G. 1069 fn. 1072 Crowther, J.G., British Scientists of the Twentieth Century 221A fn. Crucibles, The Story of Chemistry (Jaffe) 910 Crystalline solid 222 fn. Crystalline State, The (Bragg) 851 fn. Crystals and X-rays (Lonsdale) 851 fn. Crystals, atomic theory 851 Crystals, chlorate of potash 865 Crystals, faces of 548 874 878 880 Crystals, grating 840 Crystals, mathematics of 852 Crystals, minute 1040 Crystals, Pasteur’s discoveries 688—689 Crystals, rotation axis 875 Crystals, space-structure 880 Crystals, structure 841 851 853 858—870 874 878 975 984 Crystals, symmetry 688 712 876—878 879 Crystals, units 860 861 868 Crystals, x-rays 840 851 852 857—870 Cube, Delian problem 618—619 Cube, doubling 618 Cube, duplication 90 92 93 Cube, earth, characteristic shape of 96 Cube, solid 86 872 Cubic curves 113 Cubic equations 29 115 118 119 2380 Cubic locus, four dimension space 134 Cultural advance, role of superior brains 2359 Cultural tradition, responsible for progress 2363 Culture and Ethnology (Lowie) 2351 fn. Culture Growth, Configurations of (Kroeber) 2312 fn. Culture, generic term 2351 Culture, human nature 2353 Culture, master pattern 2312 Culture, relationship to human mind 2351 Culture, The Science of (White) 2314 Cuneiform writing, numerals 443—444 Curtate cycloid 1941 Curvature, measure of 652 653 656—657 659 660 Curvature, radius 1076 1077 1078 1080 Curvature, space 567 656 Curvature, surface 563 Curve, area 40 41 42 53 130 Curve, classes 131 Curve, conic 113 Curve, construction 87 Curve, cycloid 135 887 Curve, definition of concept 1964 1967 1972 Curve, duality 635—636 Curve, elementary flatness 559 Curve, equation 32 34 61 Curve, equiangular spiral 147 Curve, Euler — Lagrange equation 889 Curve, fluxions 58 Curve, functions 887 Curve, Jordan theorem 588—590 Curve, line integral 324 Curve, mechanical 131 Curve, passing all points of a square 1965—1967 Curve, path of projectile 760 Curve, plane surface 31 Curve, points on 1972—1974 Curve, polygon 56 Curve, regulation 1326 Curve, simple 1998 Curve, simple harmonic 2283 2285 2297—2298 Curve, slope, determining 1960 1961—1962 Curve, stationary 889 890 Curve, tangent to 36—37 61 1959 1962—1964 Curved space-time 335 Cusanus, Nicolaus, infinitesimal calculus 2330 Cut, Dedekind 526 526 Cybernetics 1307—1309 Cyclic symmetry 706 707 Cycloid 135 887 1938—1939 Cylinders, volume 174 Cylindrical symmetry 675 703 706 Czuber, Risiko, theory 1367 fn. d, different use of 54 Dalton, John 874 918 Damianus, perspective 605 Dampier, William Cecil, quoted 841 Dampier, William Cecil, Science, A History of 646 fn. 726 732 1048 1786 Dante, Ignazio 790 Darboux, Gaston 478 fn. 479 786 1374 1375 Darwin, Charles Galton 842 1190 Darwin, Charles Robert, evolution, theory of 413 924 950 2359—2360 Darwin, Charles Robert, heritable variations 962 Darwin, Charles Robert, Origin of Species 1171 Darwin, Charles Robert, pangenesis 1042 Darwin, Charles Robert, unquantified ideas 1296 1297 Darwin, Sir George 1377 Darwinism 2359 Dase, Johann, mental calculations 465 476 486—487 Dase, Johann, written calculations 477 Date list, mathematicians, 18th century b.c. — 20th century a.d. 78 Davidson, C. 1101 Davies, Crompton 386 401 Davies, D.W. 1291 fn. Davies, R.A. 1011 fn. Davies, Theodore Llewelyn 386 Davis, H.M., “Mathematical Machines” 518 De Chancourtois, atomic weights 915 916 926 De Groot, A.D. 2128 De la Mare, Walter, quoted 2214 De Morgan, Augustus, commentary on 2366—2368 De Morgan, Augustus, Formal Logic 1342 De Morgan, Augustus, fourcolor problem 591 De Morgan, Augustus, probability, theory of 1322 1395 1395 1403 1405 1406 De Morgan, Augustus, publications 71—72 2367—2368 De Morgan, Augustus, quoted 1936 De Morgan, Augustus, relations, logic of 1863—1864 De Morgan, Augustus, symbolic logic 1862 1863 De Morgan, Augustus, theorem 1869 De Morgan, Augustus, “Assorted Paradoxes” 2369—2382 Death-rate, unskilled and skilled workers 965 Debility, large animals and trees 1005 fn. Decadic fraction 1061 Decibel, sound intensity 2304 2305 Decimal notation 23 114 116 117 1839 Decline of the West, The (Spengler) 2312 Decreasing geometrically, logarithms 124 Decrement, velocity 48 Dedekind, Julius Wilhelm Richard, algebraic numbers 313 499 513 Dedekind, Julius Wilhelm Richard, analysis 165 299 Dedekind, Julius Wilhelm Richard, biography 527 Dedekind, Julius Wilhelm Richard, Continuity and Irrational Numbers 525 Dedekind, Julius Wilhelm Richard, infinite 1583 1603 2411 Dedekind, Julius Wilhelm Richard, irrational numbers 526—536 Dedekind, Julius Wilhelm Richard, mathematics, branch of logic 1780 Dedekind, Julius Wilhelm Richard, mathematics, formalizing 1971 Deduction, theory of 1895 Deductive system, formalization 1678 Defense expenditures 1242 1246 Deferent, circle 226 Definite descriptions, symbolic notation 1881—1883 Definite integrals 371 Definitions, formulation 1919—1921 Deformations, topological transformations 586 587 Degree of utility 1225—1226 Degrees, equations 29 34 2005 Delambre, Jean Baptiste J., Uranus, positions 823 Delbceuf, Joseph 1154 1155 1161 Delbruck, M., molecular model 979 983 990 991 Delens, P. 2439 fn. Delian problem 618 Delisle, M. 1016 Demand, law of 1209—1216 Demand, variation 1210—1211 Democracy, Greek type 956 Democritus, atomic theory 94 Democritus, cone elevation 97 Democritus, mathematical powers 104 Democritus, pangenesis 1042 Democritus, stratification 95 DeMoivre, Abraham 78 151 2372 Denary system 516 Density, measurement 1806—1807 1809—1811 1812 Denumerable Infinity 1376 1377 Derived measurement 1806—1807 1809—1811 1812 1819—1820 Des Hayes, longitude surveys 795—796 800 Desargues, Gerard, projective geometry 627—628 629 631 635 640 641 Desargues’ theorem, dual terms 635 Descartes (Mahaffy) 235 fn. Descartes, Oeuvres de (Adam and Tannery) 247 fn. — 249 fn. Descartes, Rene, algebra, application to geometry 61 162 Descartes, Rene, algebraic notation 22—23 26—27 28 29 Descartes, Rene, analytical geometry 31 33 41 102 116 129 142 235—237 Descartes, Rene, Cartesian oval 132 154 Descartes, Rene, co-ordinate geometry see “Descartes analytical Descartes, Rene, commentary on 235—237 Descartes, Rene, curves 37 49 113 131—132 640—641 Descartes, Rene, cycloid 135 Descartes, Rene, distances, expressing 25 Descartes, Rene, Geometry 26 31 32 237 520 Descartes, Rene, imaginary numbers 30 Descartes, Rene, impact, laws of 1833 Descartes, Rene, letters, use in equations 50 Descartes, Rene, line equation 35 61 Descartes, Rene, mathematics, definition of 1830 Descartes, Rene, Meditations 129 Descartes, Rene, Method, Discourse on 129 235 237 728 Descartes, Rene, new number-idea 2333 Descartes, Rene, notation 130—131 Descartes, Rene, number idea, new 2333 Descartes, Rene, planetary motions 132 257 259 Descartes, Rene, polyhedron 571 581 Descartes, Rene, projective geometry theory 631 Descartes, Rene, quoted 20—22 129 247—248 1360 Descartes, Rene, refraction, law of 226 Descartes, Rene, surface, geometry 336 Descartes, Rene, symbolic algebra 115 Descartes, Rene, topology 571 Descartes, Rene, triangle 2018 Descartes, Rene, vortice theory of 257 259 Descartes, Rene, whirlpool theory 144 Descartes, Rene, “Geometry, The” 239—253 Descriptions, theory of 389 Descriptive geometry 601 631 Design for a Brain (Ashby) 2068 fn. Designatory functions 1903—1904 Detachment, rule of 1895—1896 1930—1931 Determinate connection, arithmetic symbols 24 Detlefsen, rodents, color changes 964 965 Devaux, M. 1040 1041 Deviation from an average, law of 1181 1182—1183 1185—1186 Dewey, John 398 Dewey, John, quoted 1240 1437 Dialogue on the Great World Systems (Galileo) 732 732 733 733 Diamandi, Pericles 478 480 Diatonic scales 100 Dice throwing, probabHities 1342 1406 1452 1465 Dickens, Charles 2261 Dickens, Charles, quoted 2268 Dickinson, Lowes 377 385 1355 Dickson, Leonard Eugene 333 515 Dickson, Leonard Eugene, Numbers, Theory of 500 Diderot, Denis 2378
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