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Newman J.R. (ed.) — The World of Mathematics, Volume 4
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Íàçâàíèå: The World of Mathematics, Volume 4Àâòîð: Newman J.R. (ed.) Àííîòàöèÿ: Volume 4 of a monumental 4-volume set covers such topics as mathematical machines, mathematics in warfare, a mathematical theory of art, mathematics of the good, mathematics in literature, mathematics and music, and amusements, puzzles, and fancies. Individual contributions by A. M. Turing, Aldous Huxley, Sir James Jeans, Lewis Carroll, and other notables. Informative commentary by noted mathematics scholar James R. Newman precedes each essay. Numerous figures.
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Intuition, failure in elementary geometrical questions 1968 1974—1975 Intuition, mathematics 1956 1958 Intuitionism 1747—1748 1749—1751 1754 2058 Invariance, group theory 1536 1544—1545 1546 Invariance, illustrations 352—353 Invariance, projective geometry 640 Invariants, differential 363 Invariants, finite 164 Invariants, theory of 163 341—342 344 348 350 361 Invention in the Mathematical Field (Hadamard) 2357 fn. Invention, elusiveness of 2039—2040 Invention, primitive 8 Invention, priority, establishing 805 fn. Inverse fluxions 258 Inverse perturbations 820 823—824 Inverse square law 145 258 264 265 266 1317 Inversion, art 684—685 Involution of six points 112—113 Iran (Persia), numerals 454 Iron girder, strength 1004 Irradiation theory 1154 Irrational numbers 26 27 34 62—63 64 87—88 89 92 95—96 97 101 162 168 525—536 2034 2324 Irrationals, unordered 108 Irreducible equation of degree n 512 Isomerism, molecules 980 986 Isomorphism 1844—1845 1846 1848 Isoperimetric figures 188 207—209 Isoperimetrical problem 153 882 Isosceles triangle 15 81 101 175 2389 Italy, algebra introduced 23 Italy, mathematical treatises 210 Italy, mathematics 18 118 119 Ivory, James 151 Jacobi, Karl Gustav 306 331 370 1747 Jacobsson, Per 1245 Jaeger, F.M., “Symmetry and Its Applications in Natural Science” 689 Jaffe, Bernard, Crucibles, The Story of Chemistry 910 Jaffe, Bernard, “Mendeleeff” 919—931 James, William, pragmatism 1769 1769 James, William, quoted 1161—1162 1165 1770 Japan, abacus 457 Japan, numerals 445 Japan, symbol for “three” 444 Japan, symbol for “two” 443 Japp, F.R., “Stereochemistry and Vitalism” 690 Jeans, Sir James 1072 1073 Jeans, Sir James (Milne) 1070 fn. 2215 Jeans, Sir James, commentary on 2274—2277 Jeans, Sir James, Cosmogony and Stellar Dynamics 2275 Jeans, Sir James, Gases, Dynamical Theories of 2275 Jeans, Sir James, light waves 1065 Jeans, Sir James, Mysterious Universe, The 2274 2275 2276 Jeans, Sir James, Physical Science, The Growth of 2277 Jeans, Sir James, quoted 913 2276 Jeans, Sir James, Science and Music 2211 Jeans, Sir James, Universe Around Us, The 2275 Jeans, Sir James, “Mathematics of Music” 2278—2309 Jefferson, C, quoted 2110 Jeffreys, H., Probability, Theory of 1251 fn. Jennings, Herbert S., quoted 1236 Jesuit doctrine of probabilism 1360—1361 Jeu de Taquin, puzzle 2429—2432 Jevons, William Stanley, commentary on 1200—1202 Jevons, William Stanley, logical alphabet 1868 Jevons, William Stanley, “Political Economy, Theory of” 1217—1237 Joad, C.E.M., “Why War?” quoted 1239 1244 Johns Hopkins University, founding 354—355 Johnson, A. H 395 fn. 398 Johnson, Samuel 287 Johnson, Samuel, quoted 528 1593 2185 Jones, Sir Harold Spencer, Life on Other Worlds 2460 Jones, Sir Harold Spencer, “John Couch Adams and the Discovery of Neptune” 820 822—839 Jordan, Camille 589 1765 Jordan, Camille, Corns d’analyse 2037 Jordan, Camille, curve theorem 588—590 1998 Jordan, Camille, group theory 1534 Jordan, Camille, quantum mechanics 396 Jordan, Pascual, life, beginnings 690 Joseph, Abraham 346 Josephus problem 2428—2429 Joule, James Prescott, conservation of energy 643 fn. Jourdain, Philip E.B., commentary on 2—3 Jourdain, Philip E.B., Least Action, The Principle of 833 fn. Jourdain, Philip E.B., “Mathematics, The Nature of” 4—72 Jowett, Benjamin, quoted 2402 Joyce, James, Ulysses 1302 Jumping, size, relation to 956 1013 Jupiter, celestial clock 793 Jupiter, motions 1317 1320 1326 Jupiter, rotation 190 fn. Jupiter, satellites 782 784 789 790—791 792 793 796 797—798 800 813 815 Jurin, James 291 fn. Justice, square number 2184 2198 Juvenal, quoted 189 489 Kaestner, Abraham Gotthelf 156 158 Kant, Immanuel, axioms of geometry 647 660 665 666 Kant, Immanuel, distance, mathematics of 2327 Kant, Immanuel, human knowledge, sum of 2318—2319 Kant, Immanuel, intuition 1602 1956 Kant, Immanuel, mathematical propositions 1774 Kant, Immanuel, nebular hypothesis 1321 Kant, Immanuel, properties of space 645 1971 Kant, Immanuel, quoted 274 918 1635 Kant, Immanuel, space and time 684 1957 Kant, Immanuel, synthetical judgments 1353 1589 1873 Kant, Immanuel, theorems of geometry 1729 Kant, Immanuel, “Critique of Pure Reason,” quoted 1956 Kapferer, H. 510 Kaplan, Abraham 1265 Kaplan, Abraham, “Sociology Learns the Language of Mathematics” 1294—1313 Kasner, Edward, biographical 1995 Kasner, Edward, mathematical truths 2349—2350 Kasner, Edward, Mathematics and the Imagination 1839 1935 2350 Kasner, Edward, mathematics, man’s own handiwork 2354 Kasner, Edward, quoted 420 919 Kasner, Edward, “New Names for Old” 1996—2010 Kasner, Edward, “Paradox Lost and Paradox Regained” 1936—1955 Kasner, Edward, “Pastimes of Past and Present Times” 2416—2438 Kaye, x-radiation 842 Kayser, helium 927 Keeble, F. 1035 fn. Kelvin, Lord (W. Thomson), clothing and temperature 1012 fn. Kelvin, Lord (W. Thomson), energy, conservation 643 fn. Kelvin, Lord (W. Thomson), Lesage 1005 fn. Kelvin, Lord (W. Thomson), Natural Philosophy, Treatise on 1218 Kelvin, Lord (W. Thomson), sun, temperature 2461 2462 Kempe, A.B., four color problem 591 Kempelen, Wolfgang von, chess automaton 2125 Kendall, Larcum 811 fn. 816 817 818 Kendall, M.G. 1256 1257 Kennack, W.O. 1253 Kenney, J.F. 1510 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), astronomical speculations 120 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), Brahe, association with 125—126 223—225 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), commentary on 218—219 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), Copernican hypothesis 1295 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), Duerer’s analytical geometry 613 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), Ephemerides 124 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), Harmonices Mundi 126 127 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), indivisibles 42 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), infinitesimal calculus 127 152 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), Mars, motion of 226—228 230 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), methods 233—234 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), pentagon 615 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), planetary laws 126—127 132 218 220—234 257 266 412 728 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), planetary system, reducing distances 720 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), planetary tunes 127—128 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), projective geometry 133 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), prophesying almanack 231 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), quoted 220 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), star-polygons 2017 Kepler, Johann (Johannes), wine-cask geometry 127 137 2051 2056 Keser, Jacob 609 Keynes, Geoffrey 254 Keynes, John Maynard, art collection 1358 fn. Keynes, John Maynard, commentary on 1355—1359 Keynes, John Maynard, Economic Consequences of Peace, The 1357 Keynes, John Maynard, economic doctrines 1357 Keynes, John Maynard, Employment, Interest and Money, General Theory of 1357 1358 Keynes, John Maynard, Indian Currency and Finance 1356 Keynes, John Maynard, Money, Treatise on 1357—1358 Keynes, John Maynard, Probability, Treatise on 1356 1357 1448 Keynes, John Maynard, probable relations between propositions 1396 1403 1405 1406 Keynes, John Maynard, quoted 1202 1203 Keynes, John Maynard, “Application of Probability to Conduct” 1360—1373 Keynes, John Maynard, “Newton, the Man,”, quoted 254 Keynes, John Maynard, “Newton, the Man” 277—285 Keynes, John Neville 1355 Keyser, Cassius J., biography 1537 Keyser, Cassius J., Mathematical Philosophy 570 fn. 1536 Keyser, Cassius J., patho-circle 2002 Keyser, Cassius J., “Group Concept, The” 1538—1557 Kimball, George EM 2159 fn. Kimball, George EM, Methods of Operations Research 2159 Kimball, George EM, “Submarine, How to Hunt a” 2160—2179 Kinematic relativity 1610 fn. Kinematical thought 142 King Lear (Shakespeare) 306 fn. Kirby, insect strength 1012 1014 Kircher, Athanasius 1020 fn. Kirchhof, Gustav Robert, spectroscope 919 922 Klein bottle 597 Klein, Felix, analysis 151 Klein, Felix, Euclid’s fifth postulate 2055 Klein, Felix, functional thinking 1832 Klein, Felix, geometry discoveries 342 359 639 Klein, Felix, groups, theory of 167 Klein, Felix, mathematics, definition of 1830 Kline, Morris, Mathematics in Western Culture 602 Kline, Morris, “Projective Geometry” 622—641 Kneale, William, Probability and Induction 1449 Kneale, William, quoted 1451 fn. Kneale, William, “Boole and the Revival of Logic” 1854 fn. Knipping, x-ray diffraction 840 851 Knots, number designation 436 463 Knots, topology 592 Knowledge, communication of 9 Knowledge, theory of 391 Known quantities, denoting 28—29 Koehler, O., “Ability of Birds to Count” 489—496 Koenigsberger, Leo, Hermann von Helmholtz 642 fn. 643 Koenigsberger, Leo, Hermann von Helmholtz, quoted 645 fn. Kohler, W., Mentality of Apes, The 2362 fn. Kohts, N.N. Ladygina 492 496 Koller, Wilding 1032 Kolli (Colley), molecular dimensions 1035 Kolmogoroff, A. 1750 1751 Kopp, Hermann Franz M. 922 Korzybski, Count 2206 2208 Kosswig, fishes, evolution 963 Krause, W. 1042 fn. Kroeber, A.L., Configurations of Culture Growth 2312 fn. Kroeber, A.L., geniuses, defined 2359 fn. Kroeber, A.L., Superorganic, The 2351 fn. Kronecker, Leopold, algebraic numbers 313 499 Kronecker, Leopold, quoted 168 295 Krumbiegel, B. 197 fn. Kuhn, A. 1028 fn. Kulpe, Oswald, quoted 1162 Kummer, E.E., algebraic numbers, theory of 313 499 512—513 Kummer, E.E., quartic surface 1569 Kunitz, Stanley J. 2221 fn. Kunstformen der Natur (Haeckel) 707 Kusmin, R. 514 L-shaped border 84 La Condamine, Charles M. de 268 Labor, theory of 1235—1237 Ladder arithmetic 97—98 104 138 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, analytic mechanics 1648 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, analytical geometry 133 360 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, biography 153 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, column, height 1006 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, differential calculus 152 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, group theory 1534 fn. 1554 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, infinitesimal calculus 59 292 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, invariants 350 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, Laplace, collaboration 1317 1319 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, mathematical analysis 299 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, Mecanique Analytique 153 154 155 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, minimum problem 885 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, music aid to thought 155 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, sound, mathematics of 154 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, universe, picture of 153 Lagrange, Joseph Louis, variations, calculus of 883 Laguerre, Edmond, cycle 2001—2002 Lalande, Joseph, Neptune, discovery 839 Lamarck, J.B., quoted 842 Lambert, J.H., calculus of logic 20 1862 Lanchester, Frederick William, Aircraft in Warfare 2136 Lanchester, Frederick William, airplane wing shape 1018 fn. Lanchester, Frederick William, automobile 2136 fn. Lanchester, Frederick William, birds, flight speed 1020 fn. Lanchester, Frederick William, commentary on 2136—2137 Lanchester, Frederick William, dimensional theory 1009 fn. Lanchester, Frederick William, Dimensions, The Theory of 1004 fn. Lanchester, Frederick William, speed, power necessary for 1017 Lanchester, Frederick William, “Mathematics in Warfare” 2138—2157 Land for Tomorrow (Stamp) 1190 fn. Land surveyors, Egyptians 80 2016 Land surveyors, measuring problem 14 Landau, E. 158 166 371 508 Langer, R.E. 2183 fn. Langford, Cooper Harold, Symbolic Logic 1854 1859—1877 Langley, Samuel P. 1023 Langmuir, Irving 1020 fn. 1041 Language of Politics, The (Lasswell) 1312 Language, development 406 Language, economical contrivance 1787 Language, human, origin of 490—491 Language, theory of logic 1857 Language, Truth and Logic (Ayer) 1935 fn. Language, universal 1861 Languages, scientific workers 300 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, atheism 1321 2376—2377 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, celestial mechanics 1298 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, commentary on 1316—1324 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, errors of observation 1457 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, field equation 1320—1321 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, formula 370 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, gravitation 1096 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, ice calorimeter 1322 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, infinitesimal calculus 59 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, least squares, method of 331 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, mathematical analysis 299 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, mathematical astronomy 313 314 315 316 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, Mecanique Celeste 155 321 1319—1320 1321 1322 1401 1951 2377 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, Monde, Systeme du 1218 1321 2376—2377 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, nebular hypothesis 1321 1383 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, Philosophical Essay on Probabilities, A, quoted 1047 1322 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, planetary perturbations 1317—1319 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, probabilities, theory of 1157 1322 1325—1333 1357 1395 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, quoted 275 2377 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, surface-tension 1041 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, Systeme du Monde 1218 1321 2376—2377 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, Theorie Analytique des Probabilites 1322 1369 Large numbers, law of 1448—1455 Lasswell, Harold, Language of Politics, The 1312 Last Supper (Bouts) 604 605 Latent structure analysis 1306 Lateral vanishing points 604
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