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                    Newman J.R. (ed.) — The World of Mathematics, Volume 4 
                  
                
                    
                        
                            
                                
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                                    Название:   The World of Mathematics, Volume 4Автор:   Newman J.R. (ed.)  Аннотация:  Volume 4 of a monumental 4-volume set covers such topics as mathematical machines, mathematics in warfare, a mathematical theory of art, mathematics of the good, mathematics in literature, mathematics and music, and amusements, puzzles, and fancies. Individual contributions by A. M. Turing, Aldous Huxley, Sir James Jeans, Lewis Carroll, and other notables. Informative commentary by noted mathematics scholar James R. Newman precedes each essay. Numerous figures.
Язык:  Рубрика:  Математика /Статус предметного указателя:  Готов указатель с номерами страниц ed2k:   ed2k stats Год издания:  2000Количество страниц:  448Добавлена в каталог:  07.04.2008Операции:  Положить на полку  |
	 
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                        Latin, inflected language 406 Latitude, ancient knowledge of 778 Latitudes and longitudes, Oresme’s system 236 Laue, Max, von, x-rays and crystals 840 851 852 857—870 878 Laurent, Calcul des probabilites 1370 Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent, heat, experiments 1322 Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent, prophecies 919 Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent, quoted 920 Law, arithmetic needful for 214 Lawn Tennis, Easy Mathematics and (Bromwich) 2450—2454 Laws of nature 39 Lazarsfeld, Paul, latent structure analysis 1306 Le Roy, Pierre 807 fn. Leacock, Stephen Butler, commentary on 2455 Leacock, Stephen Butler, “Common Sense and the Universe” 2455 2460—2469 Leacock, Stephen Butler, “Mathematics for Golfers” 2456—2459 League of Nations 1240 Learning machines 2117—2123 Least action, principle 110 132 149 153 166 883 1303 Least Action, The Principle of (Jourdain) 883 fn. Least common measure 101 Least effort, law of 1302—1303 Least resistance, solid of revolution of 267 Least squares, method of 303 331 334 Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul Emile (Francois), eka-aluminum 920 Lectiones Geometrical (Barrow) 139 Lectiones Opticae (Barrow) 256 Lectiones Opticae (Newton) 259 Lee, Samuel 2370 Leeuwenhoek, Anton van, blood-corpuscle 1033 fn. Lefschetz, S. 339 Left and right, equivalence 685 Left and right, mathematical philosophy 679 Left, meanings 684 Leg, pendulum swing 1015—1016 Legendre, Adrien-Marie, Geometrie, Elements de 158 Legendre, Adrien-Marie, infinitesimal calculus 59 Legendre, Adrien-Marie, least squares, method of 303 331 Legendre, Adrien-Marie, Quadratic reciprocity 301 302 Legendre, Adrien-Marie, quoted 312 Legendre, Adrien-Marie, series 371 Leggett, H.W. 378 fn. Legouve, Ernest 2434 Lehman, Harvey C, Age and Achievement 467 fn. Lehmer, D.H. 503 504 Lehmer, D.N. 503—504 Leibniz — Clarke controversy 683 687 Leibniz, Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of (Russell) 378 388 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, Academie Royale des Sciences 786 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, binary scale 516 517 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, blind chance 1325 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, Breslaw mortality tables 1419 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, calculating machine 516 2066 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, continuity, principle of 1833 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, differential calculus 152 275 286 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, dyadic notation 2422 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, fluxions 143 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, geometry of position 573 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, infinite sets 1600 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, infinitely small dimensions 1042 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, infinitesimal calculus 48 57—59 61 292 1581 2330 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, left and right indiscernible 680 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, limen, concept of 1156 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, logarithm 137 138 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, longitude problem 804 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, mathematical analysis 299 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, mathematical expectation 1363 fn. Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, monads, theory of 1043 fn. Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, motion 20 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, notation 32 54 57—58 59 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, past and future 686 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, Philosophische Schriften 683 fn. Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, plane 564 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, probabilism 1361 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, quoted 1832 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, relative concepts 683—684 687 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, space structure 682 695 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, straight line 564 567 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, symbolic logic 1579 1861—1863 1866 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, tangent problem 1960 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, universal language 1307 Lemaitre, Abbe Georges Edouard 1075 Lemonnier, Pierre Charles, Uranus, observations 822 823 Length and weight correlation 1002 Length, measurements 17 35 Length, minimum problem 889 Length, relative 1076 Length, semi-continuity 889 Length, wave-equation 1084 Lens, shape improvement 132 Lens, telescope, imperfection 142 Leonardo of Pisa (Fibonacci) 23 78 98 117 Lesage, George Louis, similitude, principle of 1005 Lessing, G.E., cattle problem 197 fn. Letter Written to a Provincial, A (Pascal) 135 Letters, Gothic, construction 617 Letters, meaning of geometrical and mechanical equations 50—51 Letters, Roman, geometrical construction 616 Letters, symbols 24—25 Lever, invention 8 68 Lever, motions and rest 44 Lever, principle 188 195—197 Leverrier, Urban Jean; celestial mechanics 831 Leverrier, Urban Jean; celestial mechanics, Neptune, discovery 820 821 834—835 838 852 1102 Leverrier, Urban Jean; celestial mechanics, Uranus, disturbing planet 831 833—834 Leverrier’s Planet 838 Levi, G. 1032 fn. 1034 Levi-Civita, Tullio 328 352 Lewin, Kurt, Social Science, Field Theory in 1307 Lewin, Kurt, topological psychology 1306 Lewis, Clarence Irving, implication, theory of 1917 Lewis, Clarence Irving, mathematical symbols 1709 Lewis, Clarence Irving, Survey of Symbolic Logic, A 1852 fn. 1854 Lewis, Clarence Irving, “History of Symbolic Logic” 1859—1877 Lewis, F.T. 1031 fn. Lie, Marius Sophus, group theory 167 1534 Lie, Marius Sophus, invariants 352 Lietzmann, F., Lustiges und Merkwurdiges von Zahlen und Foremen 1947 fn. Life expectation, genes 959 Life, beginnings of 690—691 Life, characteristic feature 992 Life, orderly behavior of matter 991 Life, The Science of (Wells and Huxley) 933 fn. Life-insurance companies, life expectancy 1416 Light, corpuscular theory 146 Light, ether, speed through 1117 Light, gravitation influence 1098 Light, photons 1066 Light, rays 161 Light, refraction 882 882 Light, The Theory of (Preston) 882 fn. Light, The Universe of (Bragg) 852 Light, transverse waves 263 Light, velocity 1053 1114 1121—1122 1127 1142—1143 Light, wave theory 146 154 164 262 263 267 412 1065—1066 1115 Light, weighing 1101 Light, white 141—142 146 256 260—263 LilienthaL, Otto 1017 1018 1023 Limen, differential 1159 1164 Limen, law of 1154 1156 1158 Limit, conception 37 48 59 60 62 95 291 2343 Limit, defined 1587 Limit, method 1165 Limits and Fluxions in Great Britain, History of the Conception of (Cajori) 286 fn. Limits and numbers, modern views 62—67 Lindemann, Ferdinand 166 168 510 514 Lindsay, Sir John 815 Line see also “Straight lines” Line circle, tangents to 636—637 Line integral, curve 324 Line, at infinity 629 1702—1706 Line, boundaries of a part of 555—556 Line, composed of points 42 Line, concurrence 638 Line, geodesic 563—564 Line, Greek geometricians 11 Line, group of translations 703 705 Line, measuring one against another 87—88 Line, point aggregate 556 Line, point-event 352 Line, straightness and direction 159 Line, unequal segments 758 Linear Associative Algebra (Peirce) 1768 fn. Linear dimensions, organisms and other objects (table) 1037 Linear measure, degree of arc 791 Linear problems 91 Linear Transformations, On the Theory of (Cayley) 351 Linear value, degree of longitude 788 Linguistic stimuli 2352 Linnaeus, Carolus 1012 Linus, Franciscus 260 270 Liouville, Joseph, transcendentals 514 Lip, Habsburg 976 Lippershey, Jan 732 fn. Lipps, Theodor 2188 Lipschitz, Professor 659 Lipstorpius, Daniel 237 Listing, J.B., Topologie, Vorstudien zur 571 Littiewood, J.E. 158 375 508 821 2024 2037 Littiewood, J.E., quoted 167 Living Brain, The (Walter) 2068 fn. Living cell, physical aspects 973 Living organisms, asymmetric chemical constitution 689 Living organisms, comparisons between computing machines and 2077—2083 Living, rate of 1025 Livy 181 fn. Loaves and men problem, Rhind papyrus 172—174 Lobachevski, Nikolai I., Euclidean postulates 565 Lobachevski, Nikolai I., geometry, foundations criticized 550 Lobachevski, Nikolai I., hyperbolic geometry 1639 Lobachevski, Nikolai I., non-Euclidean geometry 639 Lobachevski, Nikolai I., parallel axiom 654 2020 Lobachevski, Nikolai I., revolution in scientific ideas 553 Lobachevski, Nikolai I., space geometry 546 547 554 Local connectivity 1967 Loci, curve 17 19 37 82 Loci, on surfaces 91 Loci, order of the locus 113 Locke, John, Human Understanding, Essay Concerning 1335 1361 1365 Locke, John, quoted 1859 1956 Lockyer, Joseph Norman, helium 919 Locomotion, physiology of 1012 Locomotion, speed variation 1024—1025 Locus ad tres et quattuor lineas 108 112 130 Lodge, Sir Oliver, commentary on 218—219 Lodge, Sir Oliver, Ether and Reality, quoted 1114 Lodge, Sir Oliver, psychic research 1239 Lodge, Sir Oliver, Science, Pioneers of 732 fn. Lodge, Sir Oliver, “Johann Kepler” 220—234 Loeb, Jacques 1032 Log, nautical, invention 789 Logarithmic series 138 Logarithmic spiral 717 Logarithmic tables, publication of 123 Logarithms, algebraic notation 23 Logarithms, chance 1344 1345 Logarithms, co-ordinates 137 Logarithms, definition 124 Logarithms, equiangular spiral 147 Logarithms, harmonical progression 137 Logarithms, practical benefit 121 123 Logarithms, Table of (Schulze) 158 Logic and Mathematics, Foundations of (Carnap) 1628 fn. Logic and Scientific Method, Introduction to (Nagel and Cohen) 1396—1397 1852 Logic and Scientific Method, Introduction to (Nagel and Cohen), quoted 1853 1853 Logic of Modem Physics, The (Bridgman) 2349 fn. Logic, abstract 407 Logic, Aristotelian 409 Logic, automata and formal 2085—2087 Logic, calculus of 1857 Logic, constants 1909—1910 Logic, formal 1577 1590 Logic, Formal (De Morgan) 1342 Logic, Historic Development of (Enriques) 1784 2367 Logic, implication, theory of 1917 Logic, Introduction to (Tarski) 1622 fn. 1855 Logic, laws of 68—69 Logic, mathematical analysis 19 27 70 1856—1858 1894 Logic, mathematical character 1781—1783 Logic, mathematics, branch of 1631 Logic, neural networks, relationship 2089 Logic, probabilities, theory of 1334 Logic, proposition 70 1577 Logic, satisfaction of intellectual needs 10 Logic, science of 6 Logic, social principle 1339—1340 Logic, symbolic see “Symbolic logic” Logic, theoretical 1744 Logic, use of word 67 Logical algebra 163 397 Logical alphabet 1868 Logical multiplication 25 Logical paradoxes 1949—1953 Logical relations, analogous types 403 Logical science 1219 Logistica 498 Lomazzo, Giovanni Paolo 606 London, England, Bills of Mortality 1416 1421—1435 1437 1438—1439 London, F. 977 London, Royal Society of, founded 143 Long division 461 Longitude, Board of 804 804 809 810 811 812 814 816 817 818 819 Longitude, calculating 778—779 788 Longitude, celestial bodies 782 783 789 Longitude, clocks, relationship between 778 Longitude, European offers for solution 781—782 803 Longitude, lunar tables 801 814 815 Longitude, observations at sea 782 800 802 Longitude, standard meridian 788 Longitude, theoretical method of finding 783 longitudinal reflection 700 702 Lonsdale, Kathleen, Crystals and X-rays 851 fn. Lorenz, Alfred, music, mathematical treatment 703 Lorenz, Konrad 488 Lotka, Alfred J. 2013 Lotka, Alfred J., Physical Biology, Elements of 1045 fn. Lotsy, evolution, hybridization 963 Lotze, Rudolf Hermann 1146 1148 1149 1150 1156 Loudness, scale of 2305 Louis XIV (king of France), Academie Royale des Sciences 785—786 Louis XIV (king of France), Cassini 791 Louis XIV (king of France), longitude, determining 788 Louis XIV (king of France), planisphere 794 Lowe, Victor 395 fn. Lowie, R.H., Culture and Ethnology 2351 fn. Loyd, Sam, 15 Puzzle       2429—2432 Lubbock, Sir John 434 Lubbock, Sir John, quoted 433 Lucas, E. 260 504 Lucas, E., Mathematiques, Recreations 2417 fn. Lucretius, cosmic cycle 1556 Lucretius, dustmotes 1045 Ludwig, Wilhelm, asymmetry, decisive factors 694 Ludwig, Wilhelm, left-right problem, in zoology 686 686 Lukasiewicz, J. 1876. 1910 fn. Lull, Raymond, Ars Magna 1861 Lunar tables 801 814 815 Lustiges und Merkwurdiges von Zahlen und Formen (Lietzmann) 1947 fn. Lyons, C.G. 1040 Lysenko, T.D., genetics 934 fn. 1301 
                            
                     
                  
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