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Newman J.R. (ed.) — The World of Mathematics, Volume 4
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Название: The World of Mathematics, Volume 4
Автор: Newman J.R. (ed.)
Аннотация: Volume 4 of a monumental 4-volume set covers such topics as mathematical machines, mathematics in warfare, a mathematical theory of art, mathematics of the good, mathematics in literature, mathematics and music, and amusements, puzzles, and fancies. Individual contributions by A. M. Turing, Aldous Huxley, Sir James Jeans, Lewis Carroll, and other notables. Informative commentary by noted mathematics scholar James R. Newman precedes each essay. Numerous figures.
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Рубрика: Математика /
Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц
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Год издания: 2000
Количество страниц: 448
Добавлена в каталог: 07.04.2008
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Предметный указатель
Latin, inflected language 406
Latitude, ancient knowledge of 778
Latitudes and longitudes, Oresme’s system 236
Laue, Max, von, x-rays and crystals 840 851 852 857—870 878
Laurent, Calcul des probabilites 1370
Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent, heat, experiments 1322
Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent, prophecies 919
Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent, quoted 920
Law, arithmetic needful for 214
Lawn Tennis, Easy Mathematics and (Bromwich) 2450—2454
Laws of nature 39
Lazarsfeld, Paul, latent structure analysis 1306
Le Roy, Pierre 807 fn.
Leacock, Stephen Butler, commentary on 2455
Leacock, Stephen Butler, “Common Sense and the Universe” 2455 2460—2469
Leacock, Stephen Butler, “Mathematics for Golfers” 2456—2459
League of Nations 1240
Learning machines 2117—2123
Least action, principle 110 132 149 153 166 883 1303
Least Action, The Principle of (Jourdain) 883 fn.
Least common measure 101
Least effort, law of 1302—1303
Least resistance, solid of revolution of 267
Least squares, method of 303 331 334
Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul Emile (Francois), eka-aluminum 920
Lectiones Geometrical (Barrow) 139
Lectiones Opticae (Barrow) 256
Lectiones Opticae (Newton) 259
Lee, Samuel 2370
Leeuwenhoek, Anton van, blood-corpuscle 1033 fn.
Lefschetz, S. 339
Left and right, equivalence 685
Left and right, mathematical philosophy 679
Left, meanings 684
Leg, pendulum swing 1015—1016
Legendre, Adrien-Marie, Geometrie, Elements de 158
Legendre, Adrien-Marie, infinitesimal calculus 59
Legendre, Adrien-Marie, least squares, method of 303 331
Legendre, Adrien-Marie, Quadratic reciprocity 301 302
Legendre, Adrien-Marie, quoted 312
Legendre, Adrien-Marie, series 371
Leggett, H.W. 378 fn.
Legouve, Ernest 2434
Lehman, Harvey C, Age and Achievement 467 fn.
Lehmer, D.H. 503 504
Lehmer, D.N. 503—504
Leibniz — Clarke controversy 683 687
Leibniz, Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of (Russell) 378 388
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, Academie Royale des Sciences 786
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, binary scale 516 517
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, blind chance 1325
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, Breslaw mortality tables 1419
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, calculating machine 516 2066
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, continuity, principle of 1833
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, differential calculus 152 275 286
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, dyadic notation 2422
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, fluxions 143
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, geometry of position 573
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, infinite sets 1600
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, infinitely small dimensions 1042
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, infinitesimal calculus 48 57—59 61 292 1581 2330
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, left and right indiscernible 680
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, limen, concept of 1156
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, logarithm 137 138
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, longitude problem 804
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, mathematical analysis 299
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, mathematical expectation 1363 fn.
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, monads, theory of 1043 fn.
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, motion 20
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, notation 32 54 57—58 59
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, past and future 686
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, Philosophische Schriften 683 fn.
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, plane 564
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, probabilism 1361
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, quoted 1832
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, relative concepts 683—684 687
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, space structure 682 695
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, straight line 564 567
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, symbolic logic 1579 1861—1863 1866
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, tangent problem 1960
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von, universal language 1307
Lemaitre, Abbe Georges Edouard 1075
Lemonnier, Pierre Charles, Uranus, observations 822 823
Length and weight correlation 1002
Length, measurements 17 35
Length, minimum problem 889
Length, relative 1076
Length, semi-continuity 889
Length, wave-equation 1084
Lens, shape improvement 132
Lens, telescope, imperfection 142
Leonardo of Pisa (Fibonacci) 23 78 98 117
Lesage, George Louis, similitude, principle of 1005
Lessing, G.E., cattle problem 197 fn.
Letter Written to a Provincial, A (Pascal) 135
Letters, Gothic, construction 617
Letters, meaning of geometrical and mechanical equations 50—51
Letters, Roman, geometrical construction 616
Letters, symbols 24—25
Lever, invention 8 68
Lever, motions and rest 44
Lever, principle 188 195—197
Leverrier, Urban Jean; celestial mechanics 831
Leverrier, Urban Jean; celestial mechanics, Neptune, discovery 820 821 834—835 838 852 1102
Leverrier, Urban Jean; celestial mechanics, Uranus, disturbing planet 831 833—834
Leverrier’s Planet 838
Levi, G. 1032 fn. 1034
Levi-Civita, Tullio 328 352
Lewin, Kurt, Social Science, Field Theory in 1307
Lewin, Kurt, topological psychology 1306
Lewis, Clarence Irving, implication, theory of 1917
Lewis, Clarence Irving, mathematical symbols 1709
Lewis, Clarence Irving, Survey of Symbolic Logic, A 1852 fn. 1854
Lewis, Clarence Irving, “History of Symbolic Logic” 1859—1877
Lewis, F.T. 1031 fn.
Lie, Marius Sophus, group theory 167 1534
Lie, Marius Sophus, invariants 352
Lietzmann, F., Lustiges und Merkwurdiges von Zahlen und Foremen 1947 fn.
Life expectation, genes 959
Life, beginnings of 690—691
Life, characteristic feature 992
Life, orderly behavior of matter 991
Life, The Science of (Wells and Huxley) 933 fn.
Life-insurance companies, life expectancy 1416
Light, corpuscular theory 146
Light, ether, speed through 1117
Light, gravitation influence 1098
Light, photons 1066
Light, rays 161
Light, refraction 882 882
Light, The Theory of (Preston) 882 fn.
Light, The Universe of (Bragg) 852
Light, transverse waves 263
Light, velocity 1053 1114 1121—1122 1127 1142—1143
Light, wave theory 146 154 164 262 263 267 412 1065—1066 1115
Light, weighing 1101
Light, white 141—142 146 256 260—263
LilienthaL, Otto 1017 1018 1023
Limen, differential 1159 1164
Limen, law of 1154 1156 1158
Limit, conception 37 48 59 60 62 95 291 2343
Limit, defined 1587
Limit, method 1165
Limits and Fluxions in Great Britain, History of the Conception of (Cajori) 286 fn.
Limits and numbers, modern views 62—67
Lindemann, Ferdinand 166 168 510 514
Lindsay, Sir John 815
Line see also “Straight lines”
Line circle, tangents to 636—637
Line integral, curve 324
Line, at infinity 629 1702—1706
Line, boundaries of a part of 555—556
Line, composed of points 42
Line, concurrence 638
Line, geodesic 563—564
Line, Greek geometricians 11
Line, group of translations 703 705
Line, measuring one against another 87—88
Line, point aggregate 556
Line, point-event 352
Line, straightness and direction 159
Line, unequal segments 758
Linear Associative Algebra (Peirce) 1768 fn.
Linear dimensions, organisms and other objects (table) 1037
Linear measure, degree of arc 791
Linear problems 91
Linear Transformations, On the Theory of (Cayley) 351
Linear value, degree of longitude 788
Linguistic stimuli 2352
Linnaeus, Carolus 1012
Linus, Franciscus 260 270
Liouville, Joseph, transcendentals 514
Lip, Habsburg 976
Lippershey, Jan 732 fn.
Lipps, Theodor 2188
Lipschitz, Professor 659
Lipstorpius, Daniel 237
Listing, J.B., Topologie, Vorstudien zur 571
Littiewood, J.E. 158 375 508 821 2024 2037
Littiewood, J.E., quoted 167
Living Brain, The (Walter) 2068 fn.
Living cell, physical aspects 973
Living organisms, asymmetric chemical constitution 689
Living organisms, comparisons between computing machines and 2077—2083
Living, rate of 1025
Livy 181 fn.
Loaves and men problem, Rhind papyrus 172—174
Lobachevski, Nikolai I., Euclidean postulates 565
Lobachevski, Nikolai I., geometry, foundations criticized 550
Lobachevski, Nikolai I., hyperbolic geometry 1639
Lobachevski, Nikolai I., non-Euclidean geometry 639
Lobachevski, Nikolai I., parallel axiom 654 2020
Lobachevski, Nikolai I., revolution in scientific ideas 553
Lobachevski, Nikolai I., space geometry 546 547 554
Local connectivity 1967
Loci, curve 17 19 37 82
Loci, on surfaces 91
Loci, order of the locus 113
Locke, John, Human Understanding, Essay Concerning 1335 1361 1365
Locke, John, quoted 1859 1956
Lockyer, Joseph Norman, helium 919
Locomotion, physiology of 1012
Locomotion, speed variation 1024—1025
Locus ad tres et quattuor lineas 108 112 130
Lodge, Sir Oliver, commentary on 218—219
Lodge, Sir Oliver, Ether and Reality, quoted 1114
Lodge, Sir Oliver, psychic research 1239
Lodge, Sir Oliver, Science, Pioneers of 732 fn.
Lodge, Sir Oliver, “Johann Kepler” 220—234
Loeb, Jacques 1032
Log, nautical, invention 789
Logarithmic series 138
Logarithmic spiral 717
Logarithmic tables, publication of 123
Logarithms, algebraic notation 23
Logarithms, chance 1344 1345
Logarithms, co-ordinates 137
Logarithms, definition 124
Logarithms, equiangular spiral 147
Logarithms, harmonical progression 137
Logarithms, practical benefit 121 123
Logarithms, Table of (Schulze) 158
Logic and Mathematics, Foundations of (Carnap) 1628 fn.
Logic and Scientific Method, Introduction to (Nagel and Cohen) 1396—1397 1852
Logic and Scientific Method, Introduction to (Nagel and Cohen), quoted 1853 1853
Logic of Modem Physics, The (Bridgman) 2349 fn.
Logic, abstract 407
Logic, Aristotelian 409
Logic, automata and formal 2085—2087
Logic, calculus of 1857
Logic, constants 1909—1910
Logic, formal 1577 1590
Logic, Formal (De Morgan) 1342
Logic, Historic Development of (Enriques) 1784 2367
Logic, implication, theory of 1917
Logic, Introduction to (Tarski) 1622 fn. 1855
Logic, laws of 68—69
Logic, mathematical analysis 19 27 70 1856—1858 1894
Logic, mathematical character 1781—1783
Logic, mathematics, branch of 1631
Logic, neural networks, relationship 2089
Logic, probabilities, theory of 1334
Logic, proposition 70 1577
Logic, satisfaction of intellectual needs 10
Logic, science of 6
Logic, social principle 1339—1340
Logic, symbolic see “Symbolic logic”
Logic, theoretical 1744
Logic, use of word 67
Logical algebra 163 397
Logical alphabet 1868
Logical multiplication 25
Logical paradoxes 1949—1953
Logical relations, analogous types 403
Logical science 1219
Logistica 498
Lomazzo, Giovanni Paolo 606
London, England, Bills of Mortality 1416 1421—1435 1437 1438—1439
London, F. 977
London, Royal Society of, founded 143
Long division 461
Longitude, Board of 804 804 809 810 811 812 814 816 817 818 819
Longitude, calculating 778—779 788
Longitude, celestial bodies 782 783 789
Longitude, clocks, relationship between 778
Longitude, European offers for solution 781—782 803
Longitude, lunar tables 801 814 815
Longitude, observations at sea 782 800 802
Longitude, standard meridian 788
Longitude, theoretical method of finding 783
longitudinal reflection 700 702
Lonsdale, Kathleen, Crystals and X-rays 851 fn.
Lorenz, Alfred, music, mathematical treatment 703
Lorenz, Konrad 488
Lotka, Alfred J. 2013
Lotka, Alfred J., Physical Biology, Elements of 1045 fn.
Lotsy, evolution, hybridization 963
Lotze, Rudolf Hermann 1146 1148 1149 1150 1156
Loudness, scale of 2305
Louis XIV (king of France), Academie Royale des Sciences 785—786
Louis XIV (king of France), Cassini 791
Louis XIV (king of France), longitude, determining 788
Louis XIV (king of France), planisphere 794
Lowe, Victor 395 fn.
Lowie, R.H., Culture and Ethnology 2351 fn.
Loyd, Sam, 15 Puzzle 2429—2432
Lubbock, Sir John 434
Lubbock, Sir John, quoted 433
Lucas, E. 260 504
Lucas, E., Mathematiques, Recreations 2417 fn.
Lucretius, cosmic cycle 1556
Lucretius, dustmotes 1045
Ludwig, Wilhelm, asymmetry, decisive factors 694
Ludwig, Wilhelm, left-right problem, in zoology 686 686
Lukasiewicz, J. 1876. 1910 fn.
Lull, Raymond, Ars Magna 1861
Lunar tables 801 814 815
Lustiges und Merkwurdiges von Zahlen und Formen (Lietzmann) 1947 fn.
Lyons, C.G. 1040
Lysenko, T.D., genetics 934 fn. 1301
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