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Newman J.R. (ed.) — The World of Mathematics, Volume 4
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Íàçâàíèå: The World of Mathematics, Volume 4Àâòîð: Newman J.R. (ed.) Àííîòàöèÿ: Volume 4 of a monumental 4-volume set covers such topics as mathematical machines, mathematics in warfare, a mathematical theory of art, mathematics of the good, mathematics in literature, mathematics and music, and amusements, puzzles, and fancies. Individual contributions by A. M. Turing, Aldous Huxley, Sir James Jeans, Lewis Carroll, and other notables. Informative commentary by noted mathematics scholar James R. Newman precedes each essay. Numerous figures.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ìàòåìàòèêà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 2000Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 448Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 07.04.2008Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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54 55 89 92 104 108 121 138 150—151 166 168 477 510 514 525 47 abacus 13 fn. 441 456—458 461 463 Abacus, The Ancient Peruvian (Wassen) 463 fn. Abbati, Pietro, group theory 1534 fn. Abbott, Edwin A., “Flatland” 2383—2396 Abbreviated construction, Italian painters 607 609 Abel, Niels Henrik 59 78 120 299 306 331 344 1534 Abetti, Giorgio, Astronomy, The History of 820 fn. Abscissa 33 Absolute magnitude 1003 Absolute motion 1115—1116 Absolute proof, requirement of 1675 Absolute space 360 2354 Abstract ideas, early societies 402 Abstract numbers 24 Abstraction, extensive 399 399 Abstraction, mathematical 1777 1842—1843 Acceleration, cause 738 Acceleration, dynamics 729 Accidents, chance causation 1476 Achilles, race with tortoise 41 94 138 1585—1586 2402—2405 Acosta, Joseph de, quoted 462 Action, magnitude of “oughtness” 1367 Action-Invariants 1083 Activating optically inactive material 689 Adam, Charles, Descartes, Oeuvres de 247 fn. Adam, N.K. 1041 Adams, John Couch, commentary on 820—821 Adams, John Couch, inverse perturbations 824 Adams, John Couch, Neptune, discovery of 820—841 852—853 Adams, John Couch, Uranus, disturbing planet 833 834 Adams, John Couch, Uranus, irregular motion 824—825 826 831 837 Adams, John Couch, Uranus, radius vector 829—830 Addition, concrete numbers 24 Addition, direction of 460 Addition, generalization of number 30—31 Addition, logarithms 23 Addition, Roman numerals 451 Addition, series, numbers 63 Addition, symbols 27 28 Additive theory of numbers 515 Adjustment, method of 1165 Aerodynamics (Lanchester) 1019 fn. Aerodynamics, conformal mapping 337 Aeronautics at the Mid-Century (Hunsaker) 2136 fn. Aeroplanes see “Airplanes” Aesthetic and ethical domains, parallelism 2199—2200 Aesthetic experience, associations and aesthetic feeling 2188 Aesthetic experience, feeling of effort 2186—2187 Aesthetic experience, formal and connotative associations 2190 Aesthetic experience, mathematical formulation 2186 Aesthetic experience, nature of 2185 Aesthetic experience, order, elements of 2190—2191 Aesthetic experience, order, psychological meaning 2191 Aesthetic experience, sensuous feeling 2189 Aesthetic formula (diagram) 2195 Aesthetic Measure (Birkhoff) 671 fn. 703 Aesthetic measure, concept 2192 2198 2199 Aesthetic measure, formula 2192—2195 Aesthetic problem 2185 Aesthetic value of symmetry 674 Aesthetics, mathematics of, aesthetic problem 2185—2187 Aesthetics, mathematics of, complexity, psychological meaning 2187—2188 Aesthetik, Vorschule der (Fechner) 1155 Africa, mathematical learning 100 Age and Achievement (Lehman) 467 fn. Aggregate, continuous and discrete 557—559 Aggregate, directions 560 Aggregate, n dimensions 655 Aggregate, theory of 1952 2341 Agricola, Georgius, De Re Metallica 923 Ahmes (A‘h-mose) 78 Ahmes (A‘h-mose), arithmetical problems 12—13 2317 Ahmes (A‘h-mose), geometrical analysis 16 Ahmes (A‘h-mose), letter signs 22 Ahmes (A‘h-mose), mathematical competence 171 Ahmes (A‘h-mose), Rhind papyrus 79 170 Ahrens, W., Mathematische Unterhaltungen und Spiele 2417 fn. Air pumps 854 Air resistance, body shape 886 887 Air resistance, effect on speed 763 Air resistance, falling bodies 761 762 Air resistance, pendulum 977 Air resistance, proportional to surface 953 Air resistance, streamline form 890 Air, characteristic shape 96 Air-to-air combat, exchange rates 2172—2173 Aircraft in Warfare (Lanchester) 2136 Aircraft, antisubmarine 2165—2168 Airplanes, beetle pattern 1020 fn. Airplanes, gliding flight 1023 1024 Airplanes, size and speed, relation 1019—1020. Airy, Sir George 268 820 Airy, Sir George, gravitation, law of 827—828 829 Airy, Sir George, Neptune, discovery 835 838 Airy, Sir George, new planet, search for 831—832 Airy, Sir George, Uranus, error of longitude 825 826 828—829 Airy, Sir George, Uranus, error of radius vector 828 829 830 831 Airy, Sir George, “Tides, Theory of the” 1219 Albert of Saxony 728 Alberti, Leone Battista 603 606 607 609 616 Alderson, Sir E. 1178 Alembert, Jean Le Rond d’, parallel axiom 2019 Alembert, Jean Le Rond d’, probability 1329 1367 1371—1372 Alembert, Jean Le Rond d’, quoted 1371—1372 Aleph-null 1594 Alexander II (czar of Russia) 928 929 Alexander of Macedonia 100 117 Alexander VI, Pope 781 Alexander, History of (Anticleides) 189 Alexander, J.W. 339 Alexandria, Egypt 100 102 117 2322 Alexandrian Museum 552 Alexandrian School, Second 109 Algebra and Geometry, Fundamental Concepts (Young) 1616 Algebra, abstract 499 Algebra, axiomatic 1847 Algebra, boolean 1307 1868 Algebra, classification 76 115 Algebra, Diophantus’ invention 16 22 2330 Algebra, division by zero 293 fn. Algebra, essential idea 1297 Algebra, fundamental theorem 308 Algebra, geometry, application to 61 82 130 Algebra, higher 136 Algebra, Higher (Hall and Knight) 2422 fn. Algebra, logical 163 397 1780 Algebra, matrices 361—362 Algebra, Modern, A Survey of (Birkhoff and MacLane) 1625 fn. Algebra, negative quantities 33 Algebra, notation 23—27 31 32 92 120 500 1490 1894 Algebra, propositions 1870 Algebra, quaternions 76 161 162 163 Algebra, reduction and cancellation, science of 117 Algebra, relatives 1587 Algebra, symbolic logic 396 1856 Algebra, symbolical 1856 Algebra, truth-function theory 1739 Algebra, Universal (Whitehead) 396 399 Algebraic curves 131 Algebraic equations 509 Algebraic integers 511 Algebraic invariants 350 Algebraic letters, arguments 411 Algebraic numbers 313 326 499 511—514 Algebraic relations between two worlds 1134 Algebraic spectrum of the quantic 355 Algebraic Theory of Numbers (Weyl) 1831 Algorithm, Euclidean 513 Alkarismi (Mohammed ben Musa) 23 Allman, G.J., Greek Geometry from Thales to Euclid 2324 fn. Almagest (The Great Compilation), Ptolemy 109 Alphabet, logical 1868 Alphabetical numeration 22 99 Altitude, geometric concept 1835 Altruistic conduct, biological disadvantages 970—971 Amans, P. 1020 fn. Ampere, Andr6 Marie 465 470 Ampere, Andr6 Marie, curve, slope 1962 Ampere’s Law 1827 Amthor, A. 197 fn. 198 Anagram, priority of Invention, establishing 805 Analogue computers 518 Analogue, two-dimensional 723 Analogy principle, computing automata 2074 Analyse, Cours d’ (Jordan) 589 Analysis situs 334 338 339 570 2330 Analysis, abstractions 1856 Analysis, indeterminate 197 207 Analysis, mathematics 165 299 323—324 Analysis, method of 1988—1992 Analysis, unknown functions 1211—1212 Analyst, The (Berkeley) 286—293 Analytic Engine, digital computer 517 2104 2114 Analytic ethics, constructive program 2206 Analytic functions, complex variable 323 Analytic theory of numbers 499 507 508 Analytical Calculation, Principles of (Woodhouse) 291 fn. Analytical geometry 17 31—43 56 112 116 129 133 155 235—237 359 411 631 Analytical Society, Cambridge University 517 Analytische Zahlentheorie (Bachmann) 508 Anatolius, Bishop of Laodicea 113 Anaxagoras 78 91 Anaximander 2323 Ancestors, computing number of one’s 2428 Anderson, Janet (Mrs. John Gregory) 139 Andrade, E.N. da Costa, “Isaac Newton” 255—276 Angel flights 1543—1544 Angle, abstract idea 14 Angle, magnitudes 561 563 Angle, measuring 660 Angle, solid 560 Angle, trisecting 90 113 121 139 Angstrom 975 fn. Anhalt Dessau, Princess of, Euler’s letters to 149 Animal Heat, Theory of (Helmholtz) 643 Animals, attainment of objectives 9 Animals, bilateral symmetry 686—688 707 Animals, counting ability 433 488 Animals, ganglion cell variation 1033—1034 Animals, heat, retaining 955 Animals, leaping power 1013—1015 Animals, learning capacity 489—496 Animals, size 952—956 1025—1026 Animals, skeletal efficiency 1007 Animals, tall land 953 Animals, temperature 1010—1011 1012 Annuity valuation 1416 fn. 1437 1439 1440—1441 1443—1446 Anthony, R. 1029 fn. Anthropoid apes, ideas, communication of 2362 Anthropology (Tylor) 2351 fn. Anti-Semitism, poll 1304—1305 Anticleides 189 Antimony, discovery 923 Apes, The Mentality of (Kohler) 2362 fn. Apollodorus 189 Apollonius of Perga, biography 107 Apollonius of Perga, books 1418 Apollonius of Perga, conic sections 103 107—108 112 126 200—205 Apollonius of Perga, curves 87 163 Apollonius of Perga, locus ad tres et quattuor lineas 108 112 130 Apollonius of Perga, parabola 775 756 Apollonius of Perga, problem of 2001—2002 Apollonius of Perga, shortest distance, point to ellipse 131 Apollonius of Perga, spherical trigonometry 109 Apollonius of Perga, Unordered Irrationals 108 Applied Mathematics, Elements of (Cobb) 72 Applied mathematics, Rhind papyrus 11—12 Approximative calculation 508 Aquinas, Saint Thomas, Platonic Ideas 2018 Arabic notation 13 117 410 Arabic Numerals in Europe, The Development of (Hill) 454 fn. Arabs, decimal numeration 23 122 Arabs, mathematical science 118 Arabs, mathematical text-books 18 Arabs, numerals 443 Arabs, perspective 605 Arabs, Ptolemy’s astronomy 109 Arago, Francois, Neptune, discovery 835 838—839 Arago, Francois, Uranus, theory of 831 Arbitrary constants 35 Arbitrary functions, co-ordinates, use of 236 Arc, fluent of velocity 58 Archibald, R.C. 718 fn. Archimedes, axiom 77 99 106 126 152 Archimedes, axioms and postulates 1648 Archimedes, cattle problem 105—106 116 188 197—198 207 418 Archimedes, commentary on 179 Archimedes, death 103—104 179 185 Archimedes, decimal notation 328 Archimedes, differentials 56 Archimedes, distances, expressing 25 Archimedes, earth, diameter 421—425 429 Archimedes, exhaustions, method of 92 2329 Archimedes, floating bodies 199 Archimedes, fractions 172 Archimedes, Hiero’s golden crown 185—186 188 Archimedes, infinitesimals 41 95 163 Archimedes, integral calculus 90 103 104 135 Archimedes, inventions 15 Archimedes, lever, principle 188 Archimedes, mathematics, autonomous science 315 327 Archimedes, Method 94 104 Archimedes, military machines 103 179 180 181—182 187 Archimedes, numbers, orders and periods 425—426 Archimedes, octads 418 426 Archimedes, parabola, quadrature 760—761 Archimedes, Plane Equilibriums, On 195 Archimedes, planetarium 179 Archimedes, planetary motion 421 Archimedes, Platonic philosopher 731 fn. Archimedes, Plutarch, quoted on 180—185 Archimedes, postulate 1974—1975 Archimedes, pure mathematics 295 Archimedes, results, methods of achieving 105 Archimedes, Sand-Reckoner 106—107 418 420—429 1839 Archimedes, solids, semi-regular 127 207 Archimedes, Sphere-making, On 179 Archimedes, spiral 104 137 Archimedes, sun, diameter 421—425 Archimedes, surface area 1001 Archimedes, The Works of (Heath) 181 fn. 197 198 Archimedes, tomb 184 184 502 Archimedes, Tzetzes quoted on 187 Archimedes, Vitruvius quoted on 185—186 Architecture, bee 1038 1038 Architecture, On (Vitruvius), quoted 185—186 Architecture, symmetry 700 705 713 Architecture, transformation of Renaissance into Baroque 2344 Archytas of Tarentum 14 78 90 96 2324 Archytas of Tarentum, biography 93 Archytas of Tarentum, mechanics 15 94 180 Archytas of Tarentum, music intervals 99—100 Areas, method of application of 86—87 190 205 Arguments, weights of 1365 Aristarchus of Samos, heliocentric world-system 2327 2327 2328 Aristarchus of Samos, planetary motion 104 109 418—419 420 Aristarchus of Samos, sun, diameter 421
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