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Newman J.R. (ed.) — The World of Mathematics, Volume 4
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Название: The World of Mathematics, Volume 4
Автор: Newman J.R. (ed.)
Аннотация: Volume 4 of a monumental 4-volume set covers such topics as mathematical machines, mathematics in warfare, a mathematical theory of art, mathematics of the good, mathematics in literature, mathematics and music, and amusements, puzzles, and fancies. Individual contributions by A. M. Turing, Aldous Huxley, Sir James Jeans, Lewis Carroll, and other notables. Informative commentary by noted mathematics scholar James R. Newman precedes each essay. Numerous figures.
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Рубрика: Математика /
Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц
ed2k: ed2k stats
Год издания: 2000
Количество страниц: 448
Добавлена в каталог: 07.04.2008
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Предметный указатель
Aristophanes, transition from spherical to bilateral symmetry 688
Aristotle, axioms and postulates 1647 1648
Aristotle, celestial bodies, spherical shape 672
Aristotle, continuity 557 558
Aristotle, cosmic cycle 1555
Aristotle, deduction, valid forms 1679
Aristotle, falling bodies 729
Aristotle, irrational numbers 88
Aristotle, logic 409 1577 1834 1852 1859
Aristotle, man’s ability to count 488
Aristotle, mathematics, definition of 1830
Aristotle, motion, laws of 727 729
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 671
Aristotle, origin of mathematics 79
Aristotle, planetary motion 226 228
Aristotle, Plato’s lecture on the Good 192
Aristotle, probability 1403
Aristotle, quoted 85 93 170 2385
Aristotle, science of reasoning 6
Aristotle, velocity 52
Aristoxenus, Elements of Harmony 192
Arithmetic, Arabic, introduction to Europe 18
Arithmetic, associative rule 1535
Arithmetic, concepts, customary meaning 1627—1630
Arithmetic, fallacies 1946—1948
Arithmetic, formal logic 1894
Arithmetic, fundamental theorem of 2032
Arithmetic, geometry, application 25 189
Arithmetic, histories 430
Arithmetic, ladder 97—98 104 138
Arithmetic, mean 1489 1492—1495
Arithmetic, mental 465 467
Arithmetic, mysteries of 497
Arithmetic, political 1416
Arithmetic, Political (Buffon) 1333
Arithmetic, progression 84 87—88
Arithmetic, Queen of Mathematics 294 498
Arithmetic, rational, fundamental theorem 512
Arithmetic, symbols 24
Arithmetic, triangle 135—136 140
Arithmetic, tricks 2421—2428
Arithmetica (Diophantus) 114 509
Arithmetica Infinitorum (Wallis) 520 522 1039
Arithmetica Universalis (Newton) 145 1985
Arithmetica, Rara (Smith) 210 fn. 2U
Arithmeticae, Disquisitiones (Gauss) 305 306 307 309—312 315 321 325 327 333 498
Arithmetical restorations 2415
Arithmetik, Grundgesetze der (Frege) 389 537
Arithmetik, Grundlagen der (Frege) 537
Armaments Expenditures of the World (Jacobsson) 1245 fn.
Armenia, abacus 458
Arms race 1909—1914 (table) 1246
Arms race, quantitative theory 1245—1252
Arms race, symmetrical schismogenesis 1243—1244
Arnauld, Antoine 1453 fn.
Arrangement of Nature, relative probability 1350
Arrest, Heinrich Ludwig d’ 834
Arrow, flight 1020
Arrow, Kenneth, Social ChoIce and Individual Values 1312
Ars Conjectandi (Bernoulli) 1365 fn. 1366 1448 1452
Ars Magna (Lull) 119 1861
Art and Nature, Mysteries of (Bates) 255
Art, bilateral symmetry 673 674 678—679
Arte Supputandi, De (Tonstall) 210
Articulate speech, symbol behavior 2351
Artillery, Napier’s invention 122
Arya-Bhata 78 117
Ascham, Roger, quoted 2027
Ashby, W. Ross, Design for a Brain 2068 fn.
Ashby, W. Ross, homeostat 2068
Assemblages, theory of 167
Associative laws 1927
Assumptions, unproved propositions 1696 1698—1701
Aston, Francis William, Integral atomic weights 841
Astrolabe 778 fn.
Astrology 2018
Astronomers, Great (Ball) 1316
Astronomer’s drinking song 2374—2376
Astronomical instruments, Brahe’s invention 218
Astronomy, Archimedes’ Sand-Reckoner 106—107 418 420—429
Astronomy, Copernicus’s theory 120
Astronomy, exact science 1218
Astronomy, Greek 14 89
Astronomy, Kepler’s laws 126
Astronomy, logarithms 123
Astronomy, mathematical 315
Astronomy, mean sun 1208
Astronomy, non-Euclidean geometries 2340 fn.
Astronomy, Oriental 14
Astronomy, physical, Kepler founder of 218
Astronomy, practicable science of 6
Astronomy, Ptolemy’s work 109
Astronomy, The History of (Abetti) 820 fn.
Astronomy, theoretical 52 58
Astronomy, universal gravitation 142
Asymmetry, absence of symmetry 676 678
Asymmetry, decisive factors 694
Asymmetry, historic 679
Atheists, philosophical 2376—2378
Athenaeus, helix 181 fn.
Athene (goddess), attachment of seven 85
Athens, intellectual center 90
Athens, Plato’s Academy 95
Atkinson, Charles Francis 2312 fn.
Atomic chemistry 154
Atomic laws 876
Atomic numbers, elements, high frequency spectra 842—850
Atomic pattern, quantum jump 973 973
Atomic theory, origin 94 2464—2465
Atomic Weights of the Elements, On the Relation of the Properties to the (Mendeleeff) 926
Atomic weights, analogous elements 915
Atomic weights, chemical elements 910 911 913
Atomic weights, dissimilar elements 914
Atomic weights, numerical value 914
Atomic weights, regularities 910
Atoms, behavior 1560
Atoms, crystal, unit 860—861
Atoms, dividing 1565
Atoms, heart-beats 164
Atoms, internal structure 842
Atoms, molecule 973 978 980 985
Atoms, periodicities 416
Atoms, properties 1794
Atoms, quantum theory 879
Attitudes, scalable 1304
Attraction, law of 61
Aubrey, John 1416 1417 1418
Aubry, M. 243 fn.
Augustine to Galileo (Crombie) 726 fn. 729
Augustine, Saint, perfection of number six 2017
Augustine, Saint, Platonic ideas 2018
Aurea sectio 719
Ausdehnungslehre (Grassmann) 396 1649
Australia, native races’ number knowledge 432 2317
Automata, comparisons between computing machines and living organisms 2077—2083
Automata, computing see “Computing machines”
Automata, concept of complication 2092—2098
Automata, digitalization, principles of 2087—2089
Automata, errors, dealing with 2085—2087
Automata, formal neural networks 2089—2092
Automata, future logical theory 2083—2087
Automata, self-reproduction 2094—2098
Automata, significant orders of magnitude 2071—2072;
Automata, Turing’s theory of computing automaton 2093—2094
Automorphic functions 1377
Automorphism 682 695—696 697—698
Auxiliary spring, timekeeper 807 fn.
Auzout, Adrian 787 788 791
Average, on the 1487—1504
Averages, law of 1450 1464
Aviation, Stability in (Bryan) 1019 fn.
Avogadro, Amedeo 914 922
Avoidance, effect of threats 1242
Axiomatic method, analysis 1661—1667
Axiomatic method, applications 1730—1732
Axiomatic method, axiom system, consistency 1661—1666
Axiomatic method, axioms, independence of 1666—1667
Axiomatic method, axioms, source 1660—1661
Axiomatic method, evolution of method 1647—1651
Axiomatic method, general 1732—1733
Axiomatic method, protocol sentences 1731 fn.
Axiomatic method, theorems, proving 1655—1658
Axiomatic method, undefined terms and axioms 1651—1655
Axioms, basic concepts 1846
Axioms, classical 1724—1725
Axioms, geometrical 647—668
Axioms, independence 1666—1667
Axioms, learned in high school 1723
Axioms, non-Euclidean geometries 1671
Axioms, proof of consistency 1664—1666
Axioms, source of 1660—1661
Axis (co-ordinate) 32—33 64
Axis (co-ordinate), contraction ratio 1111
Ayer, A.J., Language, Truth and Logic 1935 fn.
Babak, E. 1029 fn.
Babbage, Charles, calculating machine 517 2067 2104 2114
Babylon, counting 99
Babylon, numerals 443 444
Babylon, quadratic equations 89
Babylon, subtraction 449
Babylon, symmetry, seal stones 675
Bachet, Claude-Gaspard, puzzle book 2416—2417
Bachmann, P., Analytische Zahlentheorie 508
Bacon, Francis 999
Bacon, Francis, quoted 731 937 2160
Bacon, Roger, optical instruments 605
Bacon, Roger, quoted 1758
Bacteria, molecular bombardment 1045—1046
Bagehot, Walter, quoted 75 1360
Bailey, Cyril 1556
Bailey, Herbert W., Jr., “Topology” 572 fn.
Bailly, Jean 1323
Bain, Alexander 1146 1148 1149
Baker, H. R 1535 fn.
Baku, oil fields 929
Balancing reasons 1345 1346
Ball, Robert S., Great Astronomers 1316
Ball, W.W. Rouse, Mathematical Recreations and Essays 243 fn. 466 1947 2417
Ball, W.W. Rouse, Mathematics, History of 71 74 305
Ball, W.W. Rouse, quoted 75
Ball, W.W. Rouse, “Arithmetical Restorations” 2439—2443
Ball, W.W. Rouse, “Calculating Prodigies” 467—487
Banach (S.), sphere, surface measurement 1944—1945
Banach spaces 77
Band ornaments, motif 702
Band ornaments, symmetry 677 699 700 703 715
Barkla, Charles G. 846 857
Barlow, Peter, space groups 878
Barometer 134
Barr, A., bridge-building 1004 fn.
Barrow, Isaac, differential triangle 54 55
Barrow, Isaac, Lectiones Geometricae 139
Barrow, Isaac, Lectiones Opticae 256
Barrow, Isaac, light, lectures on 258
Barrow, Isaac, Newton’s genius 141 256 259
Barrow, Isaac, tangents to curves 53
Bartels, Johann Martin 298 300
Barycentric calculus 162
Basis Theorem 164
Basket, area 169 fn.
Bates, John, Art and Nature, Mysteries of 255
Bateson, Gregory 1243 1245
Battlefield concentration, examples from history 2148
Bayes’ Theorem 1412
Beccaria, Cesare 1201
Beer, G.R. de, Embryology, Elements of 691 fn.
Bees, altruistic behavior 970
Bees, architecture 1038 1038
Bees, communication 488
Bees, honeycomb construction 110 188 207 208—209
Begriffsschrift (Frege) 1910 fn.
Behavior, mathematical study of 1296
Beilstein, Friedrich Konrad 931
Bel, sound energy 2304
Bell — Magendie law 1149
Bell, Alexander Graham, bel 2304
Bell, Clive 1356
Bell, Eric Temple, biography 294
Bell, Eric Temple, Laplace’s plagiarism 1321 fn.
Bell, Eric Temple, number concept 526
Bell, Eric Temple, Poincare 1374
Bell, Eric Temple, quoted 774.
Bell, Eric Temple, Truth, The Search for 1650 fn.
Bell, Eric Temple, “Invariant Twins, Cayley and Sylvester” 341—365
Bell, Eric Temple, “Mathematics-Queen and Servant of Science” 497
Bell, Eric Temple, “Prince of Mathematicians, The” 295—339
Bell, Eric Temple, “Queen of Mathematics, The” 498—518
Bell, Sir Charles 1025 1146
Bellamy, Elizabeth W. 436 fn.
Belloc, Hilaire, quoted 1051
Beltrami, E., surface curvature 652 654 657 662
Bending moments 1005—1006 1014
Benedetti, pentagon 615
Benedict, Ruth, Patterns of Culture 1239 fn.
Bentham, Jeremy, utilitarian theory 2199
Bentham, Jeremy, utilitarian theory, quoted 1221
Benz, Friederich 296
Berezowski, A. 1034 fn.
Bergmann, Carl 1011
Bergmann’s Law 1012
Berkeley, George, Bishop, commentary on 286—287
Berkeley, George, Bishop, Free-Thinking in Mathematics, A Defense of 287
Berkeley, George, Bishop, infinitesimals 57 152 286—293
Berkeley, George, Bishop, quoted 1936
Berkeley, George, Bishop, “Analyst, The” 286—293
Bernard, Claude, quoted 854
Bernoulli brothers, cycloid curve 886—887
Bernoulli family, commentary on 771—773
Bernoulli family, genealogical table 771
Bernoulli, Daniel 148 149
Bernoulli, Daniel, increment, importance 1369
Bernoulli, Daniel, Petersburg Paradox 1368—1369 1370 1371
Bernoulli, Daniel, probabilities, theory of 1156 1157
Bernoulli, Jacob (James), Ars Conjectandi 1357 1365 1366 1373 1408 1448 1452
Bernoulli, Jacob (James), path of quickest descent 883
Bernoulli, Jacob (James), tombstone 716—717
Bernoulli, Jacob (James), “Law of Large Numbers, The” 1452—1455
Bernoulli, John, analysis 147—148
Bernoulli, John, De Motu Musculorum 1013 fn.
Bernoulli’s theorem 1448 1449—1451
Bernstein, irradiation theory 1154
Bertholf, L.M. 1028 fn.
Berthollet, Count de 1324
Bertrand, Joseph 1267 1368
Bertrand, Joseph, Calcul des probabilites 1380
Bertrand, Joseph, chance, laws of 1381
Berwick, W.E.H., arithmetical restoration problems 2441—2442
Berwick, W.E.H., “The Seven Seven’s” 2444—2448
Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm 140 319 321 323 820
Beveridge, Sir William 1530
Bibliography, birds, ability to count 496
Bibliography, group concept 1557
Bibliography, symbolic logic 1876—1877
Bibliography, “Can a Machine Think?” 2123
Bibliography, “Mathematics, The Nature of” 71—72
Bidder, George Parker, mental calculations 221 465 472—475 479
Bidder, George Parker, processes 480—486
Bifilar magnetometer 327
Bilateral monopoly, theory of 1272 1281
Bilateral symmetry, animal kingdom 686—688; 707
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