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Newman J.R. (ed.) — The World of Mathematics, Volume 4
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Íàçâàíèå: The World of Mathematics, Volume 4Àâòîð: Newman J.R. (ed.) Àííîòàöèÿ: Volume 4 of a monumental 4-volume set covers such topics as mathematical machines, mathematics in warfare, a mathematical theory of art, mathematics of the good, mathematics in literature, mathematics and music, and amusements, puzzles, and fancies. Individual contributions by A. M. Turing, Aldous Huxley, Sir James Jeans, Lewis Carroll, and other notables. Informative commentary by noted mathematics scholar James R. Newman precedes each essay. Numerous figures.
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
McKendrick, A.G. 1253 McShane, E.J. 889 McTaggart, J.M.E. 377 385 386 388 1355 Mean, average 1488—1492 Mean, deviation 1508 Meaning and Truth, An Inquiry into (Russell) 389 Measurability 1268 fn. Measurable properties 1801—1802 Measurement 1797—1813 Measurement and Prediction (Guttman) 1303 1305 1306 Measurement of Intelligence, The 1510 Measurement with Compass and Ruler, Course in the Art of (Duerer) 601 609 610 611 612—619 Measurement, counting, rules for 1799—1801 Measurement, curvature 652 653 656—657 659 660 Measurement, derived 1806—1807 1809—1811 1812 1819—1820 Measurement, exact 1219 Measurement, fundamental 1801—1802 1804 1812 Measurement, geometrical 660—661 Measurement, immeasurable, contrast 2325 Measurement, importance 1811—1813 Measurement, Laws of 1802—1804 Measurement, measurable properties 1801—1802 Measurement, mental 1164—1165 Measurement, multiplication 1804—1806 Measurement, numbers 1798—1799 Measurement, numerical laws 1809—1811 1814 Measurement, order 1807—1809 Measurement, perfectability 1048 Measurement, time and longitude 783 Measurement, what it is 1797—1798 Mecanique Analytique (Lagrange) 153 154 155 Mecanique Celeste (Laplace) 155 321 1319—1320 1321 1322 1401 1951 2349 Mechanics, art of 103 180 Mechanics, continuity concept 2412—2413 Mechanics, economical science 1790 Mechanics, foundations 219 Mechanics, Mechanics, The Science of (Mach) 71 1725—1727 1785—1786 Mechanics, military art 181 182 187 Mechanics, model of reality 44 Mechanism of the Heavens, The (Somerville) 2349 fn. Medicine, Pythagoreans’ study of 83 Mediocrity, standard of intellectual power 1188 Meditations (Descartes) 129 Medusa, geometrical symmetry 712 Meinertzhagen, birds’ speed 1020 fn. Meinong, Alexius 389 Memory, calculating machines 518 Memory, experience 10 Memory, intellectual power 1179 Men of Mathematics (Bell) 294 340 Men, classification according to natural gifts 1173—1188 Men, classification according to natural gifts, table 1187 Menaechmus, conic sections 103 236 Menaechmus, cube duplication 93 Menaechmus, mechanical instruments, use of 15 Menaechmus, parabola 91 Mendel, Gregor, commentary on 932—936 Mendel, Gregor, First Law 933 Mendel, Gregor, heredity, laws of 932 Mendel, Gregor, Plant-Hybridization, Experiments in 932 Mendel, Gregor, Second Law 933 933 Mendel, Gregor, “Heredity, Mathematics of” 937—949 Mendeleeff, Dmitri Ivanovitch, Alcohol, Union with Water 922 Mendeleeff, Dmitri Ivanovitch, Atomic Weights of the Elements, On the Relation of the Properties to the 926 Mendeleeff, Dmitri Ivanovitch, Chemistry, Principles of 913 Mendeleeff, Dmitri Ivanovitch, commentary on 910—912 Mendeleeff, Dmitri Ivanovitch, gallium, discovery 921 Mendeleeff, Dmitri Ivanovitch, germanium, discovery 921 Mendeleeff, Dmitri Ivanovitch, methods 924—925 Mendeleeff, Dmitri Ivanovitch, periodic law, chemical elements 910 913—918 926—927 1299 Mendeleeff, Dmitri Ivanovitch, pyrocollodion, invention 931 Mendeleeff, Dmitri Ivanovitch, social reformer 928—929 Mendeleeff, Dmitri Ivanovitch, undiscovered elements, predictions 919—920 926 Menelaus 78 109 Menger, Karl 884 1592 1945 Menger, Karl, space, three-dimensional 1971 Menger, Karl, “What Is Calculus of Variations?” 886—890 Mengoli, Pietro 137 Mental analysis 1156 Mental and physical values, relation 1156 Mental calculation 465 467 Mental capacity, deviations from the average 1185—1186 Mental disorders, functional 1308 Mental measurement 1164—1165 Mental powers, capacity of 1174 Mental work, law for rapidity of 486—487 Mentality, mathematical, submergence of 414 Mercator, Nicolaus 137 258 337 Mercury (planet), motions 229 1094 Mercury (planet), orbit 128 1102 Mere, Chevalier de 1395 Meridian circles 205 Meridian, prime 795 Merrill, Helen Abbot, Mathematical Excursions 2417 fn. Mersenne, Marin 134 247 Mersenne, Marin, logarithm 137 Mersenne, Marin, numbers 500 502—505 506 Mersenne, Marin, vibration, theory of 412 2296—2297 Mesolabes, geometric instrument 181 fn. Mesopotamia, cuneiform writing 443 Mesopotamia, Sumerians’ numbers and numerals 430 442 Meta-mathematical, language 1676 Metabolic activity, mammals (table) 1011 fn. Metabolism 993 Metallica, De Re (Agricola) 923 Metals, radiations (table) 847 Metals, transmutation 272 Metals, value variation 1207 1208—1209 Metamerism 702 Meteorology 234 Method (Archimedes) 94 104 Method, Discourse on (Descartes) 129 Methods of Operations Research (Morse and Kimball) 2159 Methods, infinitesimal 40 Metre bar 1077 1078 Metric geometry 570 1706—1707 Metric system adopted in France 155 Metrical field 1081 Metrical geometry 103 359 Metrodorus 207 fn. Meyer, Julius Lothar, chemical elements, periodic classification 910 911 926 930 Mffller, G.E. 467 fn. 1165 Mice, color modification 963—964 Michaud, Joseph Francois 790 fn. Michelangelo 1005 fn. Michelangelo, Creation of Adam 684 Michelson — Morley experiment 640 1116 1117—1120 1122 1123 1126 Michelson, Albert A., quoted 262 Micrographia (Hooke) 261 Microns 1039 fn. Microscope, invention 732 Military considerations, theory of games 1292 Military machines, Archimedes’ 103 179 180 181—182 187 Military problems, application of mathematics 119 Mill, James 1149 1191 Mill, John Stuart 381 433 1149 1614 1620 1709 Mill, John Stuart, quoted 1234—1235 Millar, W.J. 1009 fn. Miller, Dayton 1126 2300 Millikan, Robert A., atom-building process 1091 Millikan, Robert A., Electron, The 1044 fn. Million, use of word 455 Milne, E.A., cosmological theory 1047 Milne, E.A., kinematic relativity 950 1610 Milne, E.A., Sir James Jeans 645 1070 2275 Milton, John, quoted 1538 2268 Mind and body, relation 1158 Mind and Nature (Weyl) 1831 Mind and nature, bifurcation 399 Mind, group theory 1552—1554 Mind, The Analysis of (Russell) 389 1552 Mine, economic production 888 Minimal surface, least area 901 902 Minimal surface, soap film experiments 903—907 Minimax solution 1288 Minimum maximorum 1272 1276 Minimum principle 882—883 Minimum problems 887 889 901—902 Minimum vocabularies 390—391 Minkowski, Hermann 1106 1572 1591 Minkowski, Hermann, quoted 1107 1133 Mirrors, Archimedes’ concave 179 Mirrors, convex, reflection 1108 Mirrors, images 679 696 698 Mirrors, metal 260 263 Mirrors, reflecting 110 132 154 Mises, Richard E. von, biography 1618 Mises, Richard E. von, Positivism 1617 Mises, Richard E. von, Probability, Statistics and Truth 1451 fn Mises, Richard E. von, “Mathematical Postulates and Human Understanding” 1723—1754 Mitchell, F.D. 467 fn. 471 478 483 Mixed strategy 1273 1273 1276 1278 1288 Mnemonic equations 50—51 Model, working, of the universe 43—44 Modern numerals 453 Modular equations 374 Moebius, August Ferdinand, fourcolor problem 591 Moebius, August Ferdinand, one-sided surface 595 Moebius, August Ferdinand, strip 595—597 904 Moeris, geometry discovery 189 Mohammed ben Musa see “Alkarismi” Mohler, Nora 2212 fn. 2213 Moile, Damiano da 616 Moissan, Henri 927 Molecular and Microscopic Science (Somerville) 2349 fn. Molecular magnitudes 1039 1039 1041 Molecular theory 96 Molecule, dimensions 1035 Molecule, isomeric 980 982 986 Molecule, nature 976 Molecule, rigid spheres 1300 Molecule, stability 978—979 980 981 987 Molecule, temperature 978—979 980 987 Moments 289 Momentum, measuring 767—769 770 Monads, theory of 1043 fn. Monde, Systeme du (Laplace) 1218 1321 Mondeux, Henri 476 480 Monetary metals, value variation 1207 1207 1208—1209 Money, diminishing marginal utility 1370 1371 1371 Money, mathematics of 1200—1202 Money, Treatise on (Keynes) 1357—1358 Monge, Gaspard 155 334 601 631 Monochord, musical intervals 189 Monochord, sound experiments 2295—2296 Monochromatic light 263 Monogenic functions 322 2003 Monomolecular films 1040 Monopoly, problems 1282 Monopsony, problems 1282 Monreale mosaic, symmetry 677 699 Moods, prior to a war 1252—1253 Moon, celestial motions 145 266 268 Moon, diameter 421 Moon, gravitational pull 257 258 Moon, tables 801 Moore, G.E. 377 386 387 Moore, G.E., Principia Ethica 1357 1361—1362 Moral certainty, absolute certainty 1454 Moral risk, conception 1366 1369—1370 1371 Moral sciences, calculus of probabilities 1392 Moral sciences, economics, relation to 1221 Moral sciences, mathematical reasoning 1367 More, Henry 261 268 281 Morgenstern, Oskar, Games, Theory of 1264 1265 1267 1268 1270 1277 1282 1283 1285 1293 1309 1312 Morgenstern, Oskar, imputations 1281 Morgenstern, Oskar, quoted 1201 fn. Morgenstern, Oskar, “Mathematical Economics” 1200 fn. Morgenthau, Henry 1359 Morice, A. 439 fn. Moroney, M.J., Facts from Figures 1456 Moroney, M.J., “On the Average and Scatter” 1487—1511 Morse code 986 1307 Morse, Marston 890 Morse, Phillip M. 2159 fn. Morse, Phillip M., Methods of Operations Research 2159 Morse, Phillip M., “Submarine, How to Hunt a” 2160—2179 Mortal, numbers symbols of the 2329 Mortality of Mankind, Degrees of (Halley) 1416 fn. 1437 Mortality tables 1416 1419 1437 Mortality, Bills of, Breslaw, Germany 1416 1419 1437—1439 1446—1447 Mortality, Bills of, Dublin, Ireland 1437 Mortality, Bills of, London, England 1416 1421—1435 1437 1438—1439 Mortality, chances at all ages (table) 1439 Mortality, odds 1440 Moscow papyrus 89 169 175 Moseley, Henry G.J., atomic numbers 841 842—850 Moseley, Henry G.J., atomic research 840 Moseley, Henry G.J., cathode bombardment 841 Moseley, Henry G.J., commentary on 840—841 Mother Goose rhyme, problem 178 Motion, absolute 1115—1116 Motion, air resistance 761—763 Motion, change of position 64 fn. Motion, circular 227 Motion, composition 52 Motion, compounded of horizontal and vertical motions 766 769 770 Motion, compounded of two uniform motions 765 Motion, conception 19 Motion, fluid 716 Motion, horizontal plane 752 761 Motion, instantaneously completed 739 Motion, law of 44—48 1207 Motion, matter 568 Motion, minutest organisms 1043—1044 Motion, momentum, measuring 767—769 770 Motion, naturally accelerated 734—754 Motion, Newton’s Second Law 760 Motion, parabolic 49 Motion, paradoxes 1937 Motion, persistence 729 Motion, plane surfaces 729 740—742 746—747 752—754 Motion, planetary, se planetary motion; points 1203—1204 Motion, principle of continuity 1833 Motion, projectiles 755—770 Motion, resisting medium 267 Motion, retarded 752—753 761 Motion, rigid 717 Motion, simple harmonic 2284 Motion, theory of 727 Motion, time, relationship with 735 Motion, transferred to space 659 Motion, transformation 570 Motion, uniform, properties of 734—754 Motion, uniformly accelerated, definition 738 740 Motion, variability 70 Motte, Andrew 266 fn. Motu Corporum, De (Newton) 264—265 Movement, Brownian 1043—1045 Moyal, J. R 1260 fn. Mr. Fortune’s Maggot (Warner) 2250—2251 Mtillenhof, Karl 1018 fn. Muir, Pattison 931 Muller, Hermann 997 Muller, Johannes 1043 fn. 1146 1148 1156 Multiple proportions, law of 918 Multiplication, Ahmes’ treatment 12 Multiplication, calculating prodigies 469 472 481—482 Multiplication, complex 371 Multiplication, digital machine 2075—2076
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