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Carey F.A. — Organic Chemistry

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Название: Organic Chemistry

Автор: Carey F.A.

Аннотация:

This respected text is based on the Functional Group approach. The text retains the outstanding problems, pedagogy, depth, and prose of the second edition while providing increased emphasis on molecular modeling, a core concept in organic chemistry.

Язык:

Рубрика: Химия/

Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц

ed2k: ed2k stats

Год издания: 2004

Количество страниц: 1191

Добавлена в каталог: 20.04.2006

Операции: Положить на полку | Скопировать ссылку для форума | Скопировать ID

Предметный указатель

Structural formulas Fischer projections      293—295 316—317 1027—1028 1031 1061 1115—1116 1150
Structural formulas Lewis dot structures      12
Structural formulas Newman projections      105—106 109
Structural formulas of organic molecules      21—23
Structural formulas sawhorse      105—106
Structural formulas wedge-and-dash      29 105—106
Structural isomers      see “Constitutional isomers”
Structural theory      3
Styrene      432
Styrene addition of bromine      447
Styrene addition of hydrogen bromide      448 466
Styrene industrial preparation of      269 424 446 483
Styrene polymers      270 449 1141—1142
Styrene polymers copolymer with 1,3-butadiene      408
Substituent effects      (see also “Field effect”; “Inductive effect”; “Steric effects”)
Substituent effects on acidity of carboxylic acids      801—804
Substituent effects on acidity of phenols      998—999
Substituent effects on basicity of amines      919—923
Substituent effects on equilibrium, hydration of aldehydes and ketones      712—717
Substituent effects on rate and regioselectivity in electrophilic aromatic substitution      488—508 980
Substituent effects on rate of acid-catalyzed hydration      249
Substituent effects on rate of bimolecular nucleophilic substitution       334—336 356
Substituent effects on rate of bromine addition to alkenes      259
Substituent effects on rate of epoxidation      262
Substituent effects on rate of nucleophilic aromatic substitution      975—980
Substituent effects on rate of unimolecular elimination      217—218
Substituent effects on rate of unimolecular nucleophilic substitution       162—163 339—342 356 391—392 445
Substituent effects on stability of aldehydes and ketones      708
Substituent effects on stability of alkenes      197—200 221
Substituent effects on stability of carbocations      160—163 181 392 444—446
Substituent effects on stability of carbon-carbon triple bonds      374
Substituent effects on stability of free radicals      167—172 181 439 441
Substitution reactions      46 153—165 326—362
Substitution reactions allylic free radical      396—398 416
Substitution reactions allylic nucleophilic      393—394 416
Substitution reactions benzylic free radical      439 441—443 466
Substitution reactions benzylic nucleophilic      444—446 465
Substitution reactions electrophilic aromatic      473—518
Substitution reactions nucleophilic acyl      830—885
Substitution reactions nucleophilic aliphatic      160—161 163—165 326—362
Substitution reactions nucleophilic aromatic      975—985 986—987 1009
Substitution reactions of aryl diazonium salts      946—950 960—961
Substitutive nomenclature      144—145 178
Succinic acid      202 862
Succinic anhydride      486 862
Succinimide      397 443 862
Sucralose      1051—1052
Sucrose      1027 1048 1054
Sucrose octaacetate      1064
Sulfa drugs      951—952
Sulfanilamide      951
Sulfenic acids      650
Sulfhydryl group      648
Sulfides alkylation of      686—688 695
Sulfides oxidation of      685—686 695
Sulfides preparation of      650 685 694—695
Sulfinic acids      650
Sulfonate esters nucleophilic substitution reactions of      350—353 357
Sulfonate esters preparation of      351 357 636
Sulfonation of 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene      510
Sulfonation of 2,6-dimethylphenol      1003
Sulfonation of benzene      475 478-480
Sulfonation of benzenesulfonic acid      500
Sulfones      686 695
Sulfonic acids      351 475 650
Sulfonium salts      686—688 695
Sulfoxides      (see also “Dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent”)
Sulfoxides optically active      314
Sulfoxides preparation of      685—686 695
Sulfur trioxide      479
Sulfuric acid      (see also “Sulfonation”)
Sulfuric acid of      36
Sulfuric acid as catalyst for alcohol dehydration      203
Sulfuric acid as catalyst for dimerization of alkenes      266—267
Sulfuric acid as catalyst for Fischer esterification      638
Sulfuric acid as catalyst for hydration of alkenes      247—250 272
Sulfuric acid as catalyst for nitration of arenes      478
Sulfuric acid esters of      641
Sulfuric acid, addition to alkenes      245—247 272
Supercoiled DNA      1170—1172
syn Periplanar      217
Syndiotactic polymer      313—314 318
Synthon      895
Systeme International d’Unitds      see “SI units”
Talaromycin A      748
Tariric acid      364
Tartaric acids      310
Tautomerism      see “Keto-enol tautomerism”
Teflon      14 270
Terephthalic acid      see “1 acid”
Termination step      173
Terpenes      1084—1093 1102
Terpenes and isoprene rule      1084—1086
Terpenes biosynthesis of      1087—1093
Terpenes classification      1085
tert-Butoxycarbonyl, protecting group in peptide synthesis      1138—1139 1143 1151
tert-Butyl alcohol      see also “2-Methyl-2-propanol”
tert-Butyl alcohol, acidity of      37
tert-Butyl alcohol, dehydration of      203 207
tert-Butyl alcohol, esterification of      656 839
tert-Butyl alcohol, reaction with hydrogen chloride      152 153—160
tert-Butyl bromide, nucleophilic substitution in      339—341
tert-Butyl cation, electrostatic potential map      142
tert-Butyl cation, intermediate in acid-catalyzed hydration of 2-methylpropene      248
tert-Butyl cation, intermediate in dehydration of tert-butyl alcohol      207
tert-Butyl cation, intermediate in Friedel — Crafts alkylation of benzene      481—483
tert-Butyl cation, intermediate in nucleophilic substitution      339—341
tert-Butyl cation, intermediate in reaction of tert-butyl alcohol with hydrogen chloride      154 156—159
tert-Butyl cation, stability of      160
tert-Butyl chloride      see also “2-Chloro-2-methylpropane”
tert-Butyl chloride by chlorination of 2-methylpropane      177
tert-Butyl chloride in Friedel — Crafts reaction      475 481—483
tert-Butyl chloride preparation from tert-butyl alcohol      152 153—160
tert-Butyl chloride reaction with lithium      589
tert-Butyl chloride solvolysis of      345—346 391
tert-Butyl group      74 (see also “1 group”)
tert-Butyl group large size of      123 124 128—129 200 334—335
tert-Butyl hydroperoxide      634—635 654
tert-Butyl methyl ether      672
tert-Butyl radical      168 171
tert-Butyl, alcohol, of      37 40
tert-Butylcyclohexane, conformations      124
tert-Butyllithium      589
tert-Butyloxonium ion intermediate in hydration of 2-methylpropene      248
tert-Butyloxonium ion intermediate in hydration of dehydration of tert-butyl alcohol      207
tert-Butyloxonium ion intermediate in hydration of hydrolysis of tert-butyl bromide      339—341
tert-Butyloxonium ion intermediate in hydration of reaction of tert-butyl alcohol with hydrogen chloride      154—157 159—160
Tertiary carbon      74
Tertiary structure      1145—1148
Tesla unit of magnetic field strength      522
Tesla, Nikola      522
Testosterone      1100
Tetrachloromethane      150 166—167
Tetrafluoroethylene      14
Tetrafluoromethane      13
Tetrahedral geometry and hybridization      64—65
Tetrahedral geometry and VSEPR      29—31 49
Tetrahedral intermediate      811 831 837
Tetrahedral intermediate Claisen condensation      888
Tetrahedral intermediate Dieckmann condensation      890
Tetrahedral intermediate Fischer esterification      812—813 823
Tetrahedral intermediate in hydrolysis of acyl chlorides      840—841
Tetrahedral intermediate in hydrolysis of amides      864 866
Tetrahedral intermediate in hydrolysis of carboxylic acid anhydrides      844—845
Tetrahedral intermediate in hydrolysis of esters      850—852 856 876
Tetrahedral intermediate in reaction of esters with ammonia      858
Tetrahydrofuran      132 666
Tetrahydrofuran as solvent      591
Tetrahydrofuran, acid-catalyzed cleavage      676
Tetrahydrofuran, complex with borane      251

Tetrahydrofuran, dipole moment of      668
Tetrahydropyran      666 667
Tetrahymanol      1104
Tetramethylsilane      525 526 549
Tetramethylsilane, electrostatic potential map      519
Tetrapeptide      1109
Tetraterpene      1085
Thalidomide      296
Theobromine      1158
Thermochemistry      86
Thermodynamic control addition of hydrogen bromide to 1,3-butadiene      407
Thermodynamic control addition to $\alpha,\beta$ unsaturated aldehydes and ketones      777—778
Thermodynamic control Fries rearrangement      1006
Thermodynamic control glycoside formation      1046
Thermodynamic control Kolbe — Schmitt reaction      1006—1008
Thiazole      461
Thiirane      666
Thioesters acetyl coenzyme A      1070—1071
Thioesters nucleophilic acyl substitution in      835 858—859
Thiols acidity of      36 649 655 685
Thiols conjugate addition to $\alpha,\beta$ unsaturated carbonyl compounds      778
Thiols NMR spectra of      652
Thiols oxidation of      650—651 657
Thiols physical properties of      648—649
Thiols preparation of      648
Thionyl chloride      19
Thionyl chloride, reactions of carboxylic acids      485 810 838
Thionyl chloride, reactions of with alcohols      165 180 636
Thiopental sodium      901
Thiophene      460
Thiophene bonding in      463
Thiophene, electrophilic aromatic substitution in      508
Thiourea      901
Threo, stereochemical prefix      301—302
Thromboxanes      1081—1082
Thymidine      1159
Thymine      1157 1166
Thymol      1001
Thyroxine      275 297 974
Tin, reduction of nitro groups by      932 957
Toluene      423 424
Toluene benzylic halogenation of      442
Toluene bond dissociation energy      439
Toluene nitration of      488—492 506
Toluene oxidation of      444
Toluene physical properties of      995
Torsion angle      105—107
Torsional strain      107 133
Torsional strain, boat conformation of cyclohexane      116—117
Torsional strain, cyclobutane      115
Torsional strain, cyclopentane      115
Torsional strain, cyclopropane      114
Torsional strain, eclipsed conformation of butane      109—110 112
Torsional strain, eclipsed conformation of ethane      107
Tosylates      see “p-Toluenesulfonic acid esters”
trans-Cycloheptene      201
Transamination      1123—1125
Transcription      1172 1174—1175 1188
Transfer RNA      see “Ribonucleic acid transfer”
Transition metal organometallic compounds      608—610 616—617
Transition state addition of bromine to alkenes      259
Transition state and activation energy      108
Transition state bimolecular elimination (E2)      214—215
Transition state bimolecular nucleophilic substitution       163—165 331 333 354 356
Transition state bimolecular nucleophilic substitution electrostatic potential map      326
Transition state bond rotation in ethane      108
Transition state carbocation rearrangement      209—210
Transition state conversion of primary alcohols to primary alkyl halides      163—165 181 354
Transition state Dieis — Alder reaction      409
Transition state double-bond rotation      193
Transition state epoxide ring opening      680 681—682
Transition state free-radical halogenation      176
Transition state nucleophilic capture of carbocation      158 159 341
Transition state oxonium ion dissociation      156—157 159 162—163
Transition state proton transfer      155 159
Transition state unimolecular nucleophilic substitution       156—159 341
Translation      1172 1177 1178—1179
Tranylcypromine      962
Triacylglycerols      see “Glycerol esters”)
Tribromomethane      see also “Bromoform”
Tribromomethane, dibromocarbene from      606—607
Tricarboxylic acid cycle      1123—1124
Trichloroacetic acid      801 802
Trichloromethane      166—167 (see also “Chloroform”)
Trichloromethane, boiling point of      150
Triethylamine      920
Trifluoroacetic acid      822
Trifluoroacetic acid, acidity of      41
Triglycerides      see “Glycerol esters”
Trigonal planar geometry and hybridization      89—91 157 191 430 706—707
Trigonal planar geometry and VSEPR      30
Trigonal pyramidal geometry      30
Trimer      266
Trimethyl phosphate      641
Trimethyl phosphite      641
Trimethylamine      918
Trimethylamine H chemical shift      526
Trimyristin      853
Triose phosphate isomerase      1058
Tripeptide      1109
Triphenylamine      921
Triphenylmethane      621
Triphenylmethyl perchlorate      446
Triphenylphosphine      733
Triple bond      14 92—94 99 363 365—367
Triple bond in benzyne      982 984
Tristearin      846 1071—1072
Triterpenes      1085
Triterpenes, biosynthesis of      684—685 1089 1093—1095
Trityl      see “Triphenylmethyl perchlorate”
Trivial names      see “Common names”
Tropylium cation      see “Cycloheptatrienyl cation”
Trypsin      1130
Twist-boat      see “Skew boat conformation of cyclohexane”
Tyrian purple      4 54 974
Ubiquinone      1013
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy      565—567 577
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy alcohols      652
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy aldehydes and ketones      741
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy amines      953
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy carboxylic acids and derivatives      821 874
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy ethers and epoxides      691
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy phenols      1015
Unimolecular elementary step      156 159—160
Unimolecular elimination      206—208 217—219 223
Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution      160—161 180 339—345
Uracil      1157
Urea from ammonium cyanate      2
Urea, electrostatic potential map      1
Urea, industrial synthesis of      861
Urea, reaction of, with diethyl malonate      900
Urey, Harold C.      810
Uridine      1159
Uronic acids      1055
valence electrons      9
Valence electrons and Lewis structures      19—20
Valence-bond theory      60—61 92—93 95
Valence-shell electron pair repulsion and molecular geometry      29—31 49
van der Waals forces attractive      81—83
van der Waals forces attractive and stability of isomeric alkanes      87
van der Waals forces repulsive      82 109—110 117 121
van der Waals forces repulsive in stereoisomers      124—125 199—200 221
van der Waals radius      82 109
van der Waals strain      109 133
van der Waals strain reactions      334—336
van der Waals strain alkenes      199—200 221
van der Waals strain axial substituents in cyclohexane      120—124 135
van der Waals strain boat conformation of cyclohexane      117
van der Waals strain butane      109 111 133—134
van der Waals strain in stereoisomers      124—125 199—200 221

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