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| Àâòîðèçàöèÿ |
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| Ïîèñê ïî óêàçàòåëÿì |
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| Carey F.A. — Organic Chemistry |
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| Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü |
Regioselectivity hydroboration-oxidation 250—254 273
Regioselectivity nucleophilic aromatic substitution 981—985
Relative configuration 289
Resolution 310—312 317
Resolution enzymatic 312
Resonance 3 24—27 49
Resonance  -unsaturated carbonyl compounds 776
Resonance  -keto ester anions 887
Resonance aldehydes and ketones 498 707—708
Resonance allyl radical 395
Resonance allylic carbocations 391—394
Resonance amides 836 940
Resonance aniline 917
Resonance benzene 427—428
Resonance benzylic carbocations 445
Resonance benzylic radicals 441
Resonance carboxylic acid derivatives 833—838
Resonance carboxylic acids 794
Resonance cyclohexadienyl anions 977—980
Resonance cyclohexadienyl cations 474 489—494 496 497 499 501 506—507
Resonance energy 1,3,5-hexatriene 429
Resonance energy anthracene 434—435
Resonance energy benzene 428—429 463
Resonance energy conjugated dienes 399—400
Resonance energy cyclooctatetraene 450
Resonance energy naphthalene 434
Resonance energy phenanthrene 434
Resonance energy [18]annulene 455
Resonance enolate ions 763—765
Resonance formic acid 794
Resonance ozone 24—25 262
Resonance p-nitroaniline 921
Resonance phenol 995
Resonance phenoxide anions 997 999 1007
Resonance protonated benzoic acid 812
Resonance protonated ketone 717
Resonance rules for 26—27 table
Resorcinol 994
Resorcinol acetylation 1005
Restriction enzymes 1101
Retention of configuration 254 331—332
Retention of configuration in acylation of alcohols 640
Retention of configuration in Baeyer — Villiger oxidation 736—738
Retention of configuration in ester hydrolysis 855
Retinal 729
Retinol 625 729
Retro-aldol cleavage 1058
Retrosynthetic analysis acetoacetic ester synthesis 895
Retrosynthetic analysis Grignard synthesis of alcohols 598—601 616
Retrosynthetic analysis malonic ester synthesis 898
Retrosynthetic analysis Simmons — Smith reaction 605
Retrosynthetic analysis Wittig reaction 732—733
Reverse transcriptase 1179
Rhodium, hydrogenation catalyst 230 231
Rhodopsin 729
Ribavarin 1160
Ribonuclease 1142
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) 1164 1172—1177
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) messenger (mRNA) 1172 1174—1175 1178 1188
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase 1175
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) purine and pyrimidine bases in 1157 1158—1160
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) ribosomal (rRNA) 1177
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) transfer (tRNA) 1175—1176 1178 1189
Ribosome and rRNA 1177
Ribozyme 1177
Rickets 1097
Ring flipping see “Ring inversion”
Ring inversion cyclohexane 119—120 135 544—545
Ring inversion substituted cyclohexanes 120—124 125—129 135—136
RNA World 1177
RNA, mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA see “Ribonucleic acid”
Roberts, John D. 982
Robinson annulation 779 783
Robinson, Sir Robert 3 427
Rotamer 105 (see also “Conformation”)
Rotational energy barrier alkenes 193
Rotational energy barrier amides 835
Rotational energy barrier butane 109—110
Rotational energy barrier conjugated dienes 401—402
Rotational energy barrier ethane 107—108
Rubber 408
Rubbing alcohol 21 145
Ruzicka, Leopold 1085
S (symbol for entropy) 122
S-Adenosylmethionine 339 687
s-Cis conformation 401—402
s-Trans conformation 401—402
Sabatier, Paul 231 591
Sabinene 1107
Saccharic acids see “Aldaric acids”
Saccharin 1051
Salicylic acid 792
Salicylic acid, acetylation of 1006
Salicylic acid, acidity of 33 1007
Salicylic acid, synthesis of 1006—1008
Samuelsson, Bengt 1084
Sandmeyer reactions 946 948 961 973
Sanger, Frederick 1129—1133 1180—1182
Sanger’s reagent see “1-Fluoro-2
Saponification 852—856
Sawhorse diagrams 105—106
Saytzeff see “Zaitsev”
Schiemann reaction 946 947 960
Schiff’s base 724 744
Schroedinger equation see “Wave equation”
Schroedinger, Erwin 7 1167
Scientific method 239
sec-Butyl alcohol 638 (see also “2-Butanol”)
sec-Butyl chloride. see “2-Chlorobutane”
sec-Butyl group 74 (see also “1-Methylpropyl group”)
sec-Butyl methyl ether 674
sec-Butyl phenyl ketone, enolization of 768—769
sec-Butyl radical 175—176
Secobarbital 900
Seconal 900
Secondary carbon 74
Secondary structure 1143—1145
Selectivity see “Regioselectivity”; “Stereoselective reactions”
Semicarbazide 727
Semicarbazones 727
Sequence rule and R-S notation 290—293 316
Sequence rule application to alkene stereochemistry 193—195 220
Serotonin 924—925
Sesquiterpene 1085
Sesterpene 1085
Sex attractant see “Pheromone sex
Sex hormones 1098—1100 1103
Shared-electron pair bond see “Covalent bond”
Shielding of nuclei in NMR spectroscopy 525—532 549—551
SI units 11 24
Sickle-cell anemia 1150
Sigma bond 60
Sigmatropic rearrangement 1012
Silk 1144
Silver oxide 938 1012 1018
Simmons — Smith reaction (reagent) 605
Simmons, Howard E. 605
Simvastatin 1096
Sinigrin 1044
Sites of unsaturation see “Index of hydrogen deficiency”
Skew-boat conformation of cyclohexane 117 134
Smalley, Richard 436
Smith, Bradley D. 555
Smith, Ronald D. 605
Soap manufacture 853
Soap mode of action 800—801
Sodium 1-dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 800 1121
Sodium acetylide 360 588
Sodium acetylide, preparation of 370 371
Sodium acetylide, reaction with alkyl halides 360 371—372
| Sodium acetylide, reaction with cyclohexanone 597
Sodium alkoxides as bases in elimination reactions 211—212 348—350
Sodium alkoxides in Williamson ether synthesis 672—673 693
Sodium alkoxides, preparation of 212
Sodium amide as base 370—373 383 597
Sodium amide, reaction with aryl halides 981—985
Sodium borohydride, reduction of aldehydes and ketones 627—631 654 713
Sodium borohydride, reduction of aryl diazonium ions 949
Sodium borohydride, reduction of carbohydrates 1052—1053 1063
Sodium cyanoborohydride 935
Sodium dichromate (see also “Chromic acid oxidation”; “Potassium dichromate”)
Sodium dichromate, oxidation of alcohols 642 657
Sodium dichromate, oxidation of alkylbenzenes 443—444 466 506
Sodium ethoxide as base in acetoacetic ester synthesis 894—896
Sodium ethoxide as base in Claisen and Dieckmann condensations 887 891
Sodium ethoxide as base in elimination reactions 212 348—350
Sodium ethoxide as base in malonic ester synthesis 897—899
Sodium ethoxide, reaction with epoxides 679
Sodium hydride 892
Sodium hypochorite 644—645
Sodium iodide 329
Sodium lauryl sulfate 800 (see also “Sodium 1-dodecyl sulfate”)
Sodium metaperiodate 685—686
Sodium methoxide, reaction with aryl halides 975—980
Sodium stearate 799
Sodium, reaction with alkynes 376—377 384
Sodium, reaction with arenes 438—439 440 464—465
Solid-phase peptide synthesis 1141—1143
Solvation and nucleophilicity 338
Solvent effects, and rate of nucleophilic substitution 345—348 356
Solvolysis of alkyl halides 336—339 345
Solvolysis of allylic halides 391—394 416
Solvolysis of benzylic halides 444—446
Somatostatin 1154
Sondheimer, Franz 456
Sorbitol 658
Space-filling models 28 (see also “Molecular models and modeling”)
Space-filling models and steric hindrance 335
Specific rotation 288
Spectral Data Base System 555
Spectrometer 521
Spectrometer mass 567—568
Spectrometer nuclear magnetic resonance 523—524
Spectroscopy 519—586 (see also “Mass spectrometry”)
Spectroscopy  522—545 575—576
Spectroscopy general principles 520—521 575
Spectroscopy infrared 559—564 577
Spectroscopy ultraviolet-visible 565—567 577
Spectroscopy Web sites 555
speed of light 520
Spermaceti 1079
Spermidine 925
Spermine 925
Spin density in allyl radical 395
Spin density in benzyl radical 441
Spin-spin coupling 537
Spin-spin splitting in 535—544 576
Spin-spin splitting in  580
Spin-spin splitting n + 1 rule 535 544
Spirocyclic hydrocarbons 129—130 136
Spiropentane 130
Splitting diagrams AX to AM to AB 541
Splitting diagrams doublet of doublets 543
Splitting diagrams quartet 537
Splitting diagrams triplet 539
Squalene 684 1085 1086 1094 1103
Squalene 2,3-epoxide 684
Squalene 2,3-epoxide in cholesterol biosynthesis 1094 1095
Staggered conformation 105—107 133
Stamps 1—5
Stanozolol 1099
Starch 1049—1050
Stearic acid 792 1073
Sterculic acid 200
Stereocenter see “Chirality center”
Stereochemistry 281—325
Stereochemistry and chemical reactions (see also “Stereoselective reactions”; “Stereospecific reactions”)
Stereochemistry and chemical reactions bimolecular nucleophilic substitution  331—334 353 356
Stereochemistry and chemical reactions ester hydrolysis 312 855
Stereochemistry and chemical reactions hydrogenation of alkenes 234—235 309
Stereochemistry and chemical reactions that produce chiral molecules 297—300 316—317
Stereochemistry and chemical reactions that produce diastereomers 307—310 317
Stereochemistry and chemical reactions unimolecular nucleophilic substitution  342—344 356
Stereochemistry Fischer projection formulas  -amino acids 1115—1116 1150
Stereochemistry Fischer projection formulas carbohydrates 1027—1028 1031 1061
Stereochemistry Fischer projection formulas chiral molecules 293—295 316
Stereochemistry Fischer projection formulas two chirality centers 300—304 317
Stereochemistry notational systems (see also “Stereoisomers”)
Stereochemistry notational systems cis and trans 124 192—193 220
Stereochemistry notational systems D and L 293 1027—1032 1061 1115—1116
Stereochemistry notational systems E and Z 193—195 220
Stereochemistry notational systems erythro and threo 301—302
Stereochemistry notational systems R and S 290—293 316
Stereoelectronic effects bimolecular elimination 216—217 223
Stereoelectronic effects nucleophilic substitution 333
Stereogenic axis see “Chirality axis”
Stereogenic center see “Chirality center”
Stereoisomers 23 124—129 135—136
Stereoisomers alkenes 192—195 220
Stereoisomers diastereomers 300—312 317
Stereoisomers enantiomers 281—300 316
Stereoisomers endo and exo 734
Stereoisomers epimers 1056
Stereoisomers maximum number of 306—307 317
Stereoregular polymers 312—314 317—318 612
Stereoselective reactions 234 309—310
Stereoselective reactions addition to carbonyl groups 734—735
Stereoselective reactions alcohol dehydration 206
Stereoselective reactions dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides 213
Stereoselective reactions enzyme-catalyzed hydration of fumaric acid 299—300
Stereoselective reactions hydrogenation of alkenes 234 309—310
Stereoselective reactions metal-ammonia reduction of alkynes 376—377 384
Stereospecific reactions 308—310
Stereospecific reactions Baeyer — Villiger oxidation 736—738
Stereospecific reactions bimolecular (E2) elimination 216—217
Stereospecific reactions bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 331—333 353 356
Stereospecific reactions Dieis — Alder reaction 410
Stereospecific reactions epoxidation of alkenes 260—262 273 309 676
Stereospecific reactions epoxide formation from bromohydrins 677
Stereospecific reactions epoxide ring opening 680 683—684
Stereospecific reactions halogen addition to alkenes 256—259 273 307—310
Stereospecific reactions halogen addition to alkynes 381
Stereospecific reactions Hofmann elimination 938
Stereospecific reactions hydroboration of alkenes 252—254 273
Stereospecific reactions hydrogenation of alkenes 234 309—310
Stereospecific reactions hydrogenation of alkynes 374—375 384
Stereospecific reactions hydroxylation of alkenes 635 683—684
Stereospecific reactions Simmons — Smith reaction 605—606
Steric effects 109
Steric effects and stability of isomeric alkenes 197—201 221 233
Steric effects and stereoselectivity 309—310 734
Steric effects in bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 334—336 356
Steric effects in cyclohexane derivatives 121
Steric effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution 503
Steric effects in Hofmann elimination 940
Steric effects in hydration of aldehydes and ketones 712—717
Steric effects in hydroboration of alkenes 252
Steric effects in hydrogenation of a-pinene 234—235
Steric effects in sodium borohydride reduction 734
Steric hindrance 109 235 734
Steric hindrance in bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 334—336 356
Steric strain 107 109 200—201
Steroids 140 141 306—307 1093—1100
strain see “Angle strain”; “Torsional strain”; “van der Waals strain”
Strain energy minimization 111
Strecker synthesis 1121
Strecker, Adolf 1121
Streptimidone 322
Stretching vibrations and infrared spectroscopy 559
Strong acids and bases definitions 33 44
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