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Ifrah G., Bellos D. — The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer
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Íàçâàíèå: The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the ComputerÀâòîðû: Ifrah G., Bellos D. Àííîòàöèÿ: "Georges Ifrah is the man. This book, quite simply, rules. . . . It is outstanding . . . a mind-boggling and enriching experience." –The Guardian (London) "Monumental. . . . a fascinating journey taking us through many different cultures."–The Times (London)"Ifrah’s book amazes and fascinates by the scope of its scholarship. It is nothing less than the history of the human race told through figures." –International Herald Tribune Now in paperback, here is Georges Ifrah’s landmark international bestseller–the first complete, universal study of the invention and evolution of numbers the world over. A riveting history of counting and calculating, from the time of the cave dwellers to the twentieth century, this fascinating volume brings numbers to thrilling life, explaining their development in human terms, the intriguing situations that made them necessary, and the brilliant achievements in human thought that they made possible. It takes us through the numbers story from Europe to China, via ancient Greece and Rome, Mesopotamia, Latin America, India, and the Arabic countries. Exploring the many ways civilizations developed and changed their mathematical systems, Ifrah imparts a unique insight into the nature of human thought–and into how our understanding of numbers and the ways they shape our lives have changed and grown over thousands of years. "Dazzling."–Kirkus Reviews "Sure to transfix readers."–PublishersWeekly
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ìàòåìàòèêà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 2000Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 656Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 17.08.2014Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Rational numbers 596—597 Razhes 522 Ready-made mappings 12 17 19 Real numbers 597 Rebecca, wife of Isaac 257 Rebus 302—303 306—307 Receipts 68 70 Recorde, Robert 358 590 Recurrence 20 Red Sea 49 Redjang writing 383 Reinach 182 Reinaud 364 Reisch, Gregorius 591 Relation de las Cosas de Yucatan 300 Renaissance 529 Renou, L. 335 386—387 431 438 443 Rey 513 Reychman, J. 543 547 Rhangabes 201 Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (RMD) 171 Richard Lionheart 586 Richer 42 Ridwan of Damascus 518 527 Ridwan, 'Ali ibn 525 Riegl 196 Rif 252 Right-angled triangles 151 522 Rijal, ibn Abi'l 524 Rivero, Diego 47 RMD (Rhind Mathematical Papyrus) 171 Robert of Chester 362 Robin, C. 186—187 Rodinson, M. 185 Roellig 229 Romaji 273 Roman Empire 7 51 92 521 577—578 Roman Empire, abacus 125 202—207 209—211 578—580 582 Roman Empire, calculation 39 70 96 333—334 427 Roman Empire, currency 55 76 Roman numerals 9 187—200 327—328 349 Roman numerals, used in Europe 208 578—579 Romance languages 31—32 Romanian 33—35 Rong Gen 269 Roots, square and cube 156 285 293 419 560 596—597 Rosaries 70—71 Rosenfeld, B.A. 571 Rostand, J. 593 Rudaki 523 Ruelle, C.E. 222 Rumelia 528 Rumi, Ya'qub ibn 'Abdallah ar 527 Russia 33—35 66 72 212 290 Rutten, M. 93 Ryu-Kyu islands 70 542—543 Sa'adi of Chiraz 527 538 Sa'ddiyat 335 Saanen 195 Sabaeans 9 512 Saccheri 527 Sachau, E. 227 235 Sacred symbols 93—94 162 239 see Saffar, Ibn al 524 Saffarid dynasty 521 Saglio, E. 221 428 Sahdad 101 Saidan, A. 364 563 Sakhalin, Ainu of 305 Saladin 526 Salamis, Table of 201—203 Samanid dynasty 521—522 Samaria 213 236 Samaritans 212 233 Samarkand 520 528 Sanayi, Abu'l Majid 58 Sangi 278—283 Sankheda 402 Sankhyayana Shrauta Sutra 422 Sanskrit 72 433 see "Nagari Sanskrit, high numbers 427—429 434 Sanskrit, number names 29 32—35 404—406 411—420 530 Sanskrit, oral counting 426—431 Sanskrit, Panini 389 Sanskrit, Shiddhamatrika 381 Sarapis 256 Sarasvati (goddess) 439 Sardinia 520 Sargon I The Elder 135 Sargon II 139 141 159 Sari 232 Sarma, K.V. 414—415 419 Sarton, G. 519 Sarvanandin 416—418 Sastri, B.D. 414 Sastri, K.S. 414 Satan 554 588 Satires 207 Satraps 378 407 Saudi Arabia 368 534 Saul 73 Saxon, Old 33—35 Scandinavia 65 196 Scheil, J. 102 109 116 Scheil, V. 115 Schickard 594 Schmandt-Besserat, Denise 97—100 Schnippel, E. 195—196 Scholem, Gershon 217 256 Schopenhauer 20 Schrimpf, R. 278 Science, classification 517 523 525 Science, Koran 514 Scientific notation 594 Scots Gaelic 33 Scott 52 Scythians 377 Seals, cylinder 103—104 106—107 Sebokt, Severus 366 407 419 Secret writing 248—250 see Sefer ha mispar (Number Book) 362 Semites 81 134—136 see "Arab-Islamic" "Assyrian" "Babylonian" "Hebrews" "Phoenician Semites, alphabet 212—213 377 Semites, number system 22 136—146 227—232 351 Senart 386—387 Seneca 47 200 Senegal 305 Sennacherib 146 Separation sign 149 Septillion 428 Serere 36 Sessa, legend of 323—324 Sestertius 210 Seth 169 Sets, theory of 598 Seven 34 395 442 Seven hundred 216—217 Seven, Chinese 269 Seven, Egyptian 176 Seven, Hebrew 215 Seven, Indian 410 Seven, Japanese 276 Seventeen 177 Seventy 215 Seventy-seven 294 Seville 514 527 Sexagesimal system 82—84 90—95 126 139 157 Sexagesimal system, Akkadian 134 138 239 Sexagesimal system, astronomy 91—92 95 140 157—158 548—549 Sexagesimal system, Babylonian 134—161 Sexagesimal system, calculation 126—133 140 528 Sexagesimal system, proto-Elamite 120 Sextillion 428 Sezhong, King 275 Shah Nameh 58 Shahadah, prayer of 47 Shaka calendar 407 494 Shamash 161 Shan 39 Shang deng number system 277—278 Shang fang da zhuan writing 268 Shankaracharya 418 Shankaranarayana 388 414 418 432 Sharada numerals 371 381 384 421 438 494 Sharada writing 371 377 420 Shaturanja (early chess) 323—324 Sheba 185—187 327 Shekel 73 shells 24—25 37 Shem, son of Noah 134 254 Shen Nong 70 Shepherds, counting methods 47 191—193 214 Shepherds, counting methods and base 10 24—25 Shepherds, counting methods, bullae 101 103 Shepherds, counting methods, pebbles 12 Shepherds, counting methods, quipus 69 Shepherds, counting methods, tally sticks 11 64 Sher of Behar, King 251 Shiite Islam 521 Shiraz 243 Shivaism 407 Shojutsu Sangaka Zue 284 Shook 317 Shridharacharya 414 562 Shripati 414 562 Shukla, K.S. 414—415 419 Shunya (zero) 412 495—496 Shuri 70 Shushtari 527 Siamese numerals 375 388 403 Siamese writing 383 Siberia 71—72 Sibti, Abu'l 'Abbas as 550—551 Sicily 190 219 521 587 Siddham numerals 384 Siddham writing 377 381 420 Siddhamatrika writing 381 Siddhanta see "India astronomy" Siddim, Valley of 253 Sign language 52—59 Silberberg, M. 346 362 589 Silent numbers 214 Sillamy, N. 4 365 Simiand, F. 366 Simonides of Ceos 219 Simplicius 512 sin 161 Sinan, Ibrahim ibn 243 Sindhi numerals 369 381 384 421 438 Singapore 272 Singer, C. 518—519 Singh, A.N. 356 364 386—388 399—400 414 419 422 434 438 562 568 573 Singhalese numerals 342 352 374 383 385 388 Singularity 32 Sino-Annamite writing 272 Sino-Japanese numerals 273—276 278 Sino-Korean number system 275 Sircar 438 Sirmauri numerals 381 384 Sitaq 248 Sivaramamurti 387 Six 34 161 395 Six hundred 84 216—217 Six hundred and sixty-six 260—261 Six, Chinese 269 Six, Egyptian 176 Six, Hebrew 215 Six, Indian 410 Sixteen 218 Sixty 91 93 Sixty, base 40 82 Sixty, Hebrew 215 Sixty, Mesopotamian 84 141—142 148 161 Siyaq numerals 545—548 Skaist 235 Skandravarman, King 378 Skarpa, F. 194—195 Slane, I. 542 552—553 Slavonic Church 33—34 Smirnoff, W.D. 260 Smith, D.E. 199 207 284 356 361—362 364 381 386—387 399—400 538 580 589 Smith, V.A. 386 Snellius 595 Sol, French unit 92 Solar cycle 49—50 Solar cycle, calendar, Maya 297 Solar cycle, eclipse 529 Solomon Islanders 19 Solomon's ring, legend of 357 Solon 200 206 Sommerfelt, A. 5 Soothsayers 261—262 269 551—556 see Soroban 288—289 294 Soubeyran, D. 144—145 336 Sounda 375 Sourdel 540 Soustelle, Jacques 36 72—73 239 South America, counting 5 10 36 125 South America, Inca civilisation 68—69 308 South Borneo 18—19 Spain 51 250 525 553 Spain and Arabs 248 513 520—521 528 587 Spain, Central America 300—303 308 Spain, number system 31 33—35 359 534—537 585 Spain, Spanish Inquisition 588—589 Spain, writing 216 539 586 Spanish Inquisition 588—589 Spatio-temporal disabilities 5 Spheres 522 SPINOZA 199 Spirits, malign 275—276 Square alphabet 212—213 215 233 Square roots 156 285 293 419 560 596—597 Squares (power of two) 323—324 363 Sri Lanka 5 372 374 Stars and Stripes 290 Steinschneider, M. 346 362 Stele of the Vultures 86 Stephen, E. 19 Stephens, John Lloyd 300—301 Sterling currency 41 Stevin, Simon 595 Stewart, C. 543 545 547 Sticks as counting devices 15—16 125 see Stone, as medium 162 String, knotted 64 68—71 Su Yuan Yu Zhian 281 Suan Fa Tong Zong 61 284 293 Suan pan 288—294 see Chinese" Suan zi notation 278—283 288 408 Subandhu 418 Subha (prayer) 50 Subtraction 174 Subtraction, abacus 127 204—206 285 292 Subtractive principle 89 328 Succession 21—22 Sudan 97—98 539 Suetonius 256 Sufi 521 550—551 Sulawezi 383
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