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Ifrah G., Bellos D. — The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer
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Íàçâàíèå: The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer
Àâòîðû: Ifrah G., Bellos D.
Àííîòàöèÿ: "Georges Ifrah is the man. This book, quite simply, rules. . . . It is outstanding . . . a mind-boggling and enriching experience." –The Guardian (London) "Monumental. . . . a fascinating journey taking us through many different cultures."–The Times (London)"Ifrah’s book amazes and fascinates by the scope of its scholarship. It is nothing less than the history of the human race told through figures." –International Herald Tribune Now in paperback, here is Georges Ifrah’s landmark international bestseller–the first complete, universal study of the invention and evolution of numbers the world over. A riveting history of counting and calculating, from the time of the cave dwellers to the twentieth century, this fascinating volume brings numbers to thrilling life, explaining their development in human terms, the intriguing situations that made them necessary, and the brilliant achievements in human thought that they made possible. It takes us through the numbers story from Europe to China, via ancient Greece and Rome, Mesopotamia, Latin America, India, and the Arabic countries. Exploring the many ways civilizations developed and changed their mathematical systems, Ifrah imparts a unique insight into the nature of human thought–and into how our understanding of numbers and the ways they shape our lives have changed and grown over thousands of years. "Dazzling."–Kirkus Reviews "Sure to transfix readers."–PublishersWeekly
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Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 2000
Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 656
Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 17.08.2014
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Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Ganesha 568
Gani, Jinabhadra 399 419
Ganitasarasamgraha 399 421
Garamond, Claude 588
Garett Winter, J. 157
Gauss, Karl-Friedrich 589 598
Gautama Siddhanta see "Buddha"
Gautier, M.J.E. 138
Gebir 521
Gematria 252—256 554
Gendrop 297—298
Genjun, Nakane 289
Geography 541 555
Geometria Euclidis 579
Geometry 92 541 548 588 598
Geometry, base 91—92 95
Geometry, base 12 41
Geometry, non-Euclidian 527
Georgia 212 225 528
Geraty 235
Gerbert of Aurillac 362 518 578—579 581—586
Germany, counting 65 70—71 205—206
Germany, language 28 33—35 72 586
Germany, number system 31 33—35
Gernet, J. 269—270
Gerschel, L. 6 64 66—67 194
Gerson, Levi ben 158
Gestures, number 14—19 58—59 see
Gettysburg Address 36
Ghaznavid 58 523—524
Ghazni 513
Gheerbrant, J. 437 443 553 555
Ghubar numerals 385 534—539 550 556 559 579 585
Gibil 161
Gibraltar 520 527
Gideon 257
Giles 268 278
Gilgamesh 81
Gill, Wyatt 12 14
Gille, B. 518
Gille, L. 519
Gillespie, C. 519
Gillings, Richard J. 175—176
Ginsburg, Y. 199 207 284 361—362 589
Girard 312
Glareanus 359
glyphs see "Maya"
Glyptics 81 84
Gmuer 64—66
Gnomon 298
Gnosticism 258—259
Goar, Father 359
Gobar numerals see "Ghubar numerals"
Godart 179
Godri numerals 381
Gods see also "Allah"
Gods and spirits 270
Gods, God (Judaeo-Christian) 258—259 552
Gods, Mayan 300 311—314
Gods, names and numbers 160—161 258—259
Godziher, I. 51
Goldstein, B.R. 158
Golius 359
Gondisalvo, Domingo 362
Goths 33—35 212 226
Goths, Gothic script face 588
Gourmanches 39
Govindasvamin 414 418
Goyon, J.C. 176
Granada 513
Grantha writing 383 385
Greece, ancient 182—191 256
Greece, Ancient and Arabs 512 515 518 528
Greece, Ancient, currency 75—76 183
Greece, science 515 517—518
Greece, science, astronomy 82 156—157 408 549
Greece, science, Greek Myth 360 366 401
Greece, science, isopsephy 252 256—259 360
Greeks, ancient 125 220 427—428
Greeks, Ancient, abacus 200—202 208
Greeks, Ancient, counting 39 96
Greeks, number system 9 33—35 157 327 345 348—350
Greeks, number system, acrophonic 182—187 201—203 214
Greeks, number system, alphabetic numerals 190—191 218—223 232—233 238—239 329
Greeks, number system, Arabic numerals 356 358—361
Greeks, number system, fractions 595
Greeks, number system, high numbers 333 429
Greeks, writing 32 162 179 376
Greeks, writing, alphabet 212—213 219
Greeks, writing, papyri 157
Green 92
Greenland 36 305
Gregory V, Pope 578
Griaule, M. 72
Grmek, M.D. 516
Grohmann, A. 243
Gross 41 92
Guan zi writing 267
Guarani 36
Guarducci 182
Guatemala 313 318—319 see
Gueraud, O. 220—221
Guide to the Writer's Art 543—544
Guitel, G. 182 267 276 356 400 403 428
Guitel, Genevieve 214 343 347 408 437
Guitel, R.L. 432
Gujarati numerals 369—370 381 384 421 438
Gundermann, G. 182
Gupta dynasty 419
Gupta numerals 378 381—382 394 397—398 421 460
Gupta writing 377 384 420
Gurkhali numerals see "Nepali numerals"
Gurumukhi numerals 369 381 384 421
Guyard 542
Gwalior 380 394 396 400—401 418 421
Haab, Mayan solar calendar 312—313 315
Habuba Kabira 101 103
Haddon, A.C. 6 14
Hadiths 47
Hafiz of Chiraz 528
Haggai 137
Haghia Triada 178 180
Haguenauer, C. 273—275
Hajjaj, Abu 'Umar ibn 525 529
Halevi, Yehuda 514
Halhed, N. 50
Hambis, L. 27 72
Hamdullah 542
Hamid, al-Husayn Ben Muhammad Ben 523
Hamit, Avduelhak 529
Hammurabi 81 135 142 145
Hammurabi, Code of 86
Hand, counting with 47—61 68 see "Finger
Hangu alphabet (Korea) 275
Hanoi 405
Harappa 375 385
Haridatta 388 414 418 432
Harmand, J. 64 66
Harris Papyrus, The 170 390
Harsdoerffer, Georg Philip 356
Hartweg, R. 593
Haruspicy see "Mysticis"
Hasan, Ali ibn Abi'l Rijal abu'l (Abenragel) 363
Hassenfrantz 43
Hattusa 180—181
Hauey 43
Havasupai 125
Havell, E.B. 516
Hawaii 70 125
Hawtrey, E.C. 15
Hayes, J.R. 516 519
Hebrew number system 39 136—137 145 214—218 345
Hebrew number system and Arabic numerals 359
Hebrew number system, accounting 236—238
Hebrew number system, alphabetic numerals 158 215—218 227 233—236 238—239 241 329 346
Hebrew number system, Ben Ezra 346 362
Hebrew number system, mysticism 239 250 252—256 554
Hebrews see also "Israel" "Jews"
Hebrews, calendar 215 217
Hebrews, language 72 137 212—213 215—218 236
Hejaz 528
Helen of Troy 51
Heliastes, tablets of 214
Henan 269—270
Heqat (Egyptian unit) 169—170
Heraclius 519
Heraklion 178
Herdsmen see "Shepherds"
hermite 596
Hero of Alexandria 513 518 522 594
Herodotus 70 219
Herriot, E. 541
Hierakonpolis 164—165
Hierarchy relation 20 24
Hieratic script 170—171 236—239
Hieroglyphs, Cretan 178—180
Hieroglyphs, Egyptian 162—177
Hieroglyphs, Hittite 180—181 326
Hieroglyphs, Mayan 298—301 311—314 316—322
High numbers 298 333 428—429 594
High numbers, China and Japan 276—278
High numbers, India 421—429 434 440 460—463
High numbers, Roman 197—200
Higounet, C. 77 86 218
hilbert 598
Hill 580 587
Himalayas 390
Hindi language 380
Hindi numerals 368 511 532 536 538—539 560
Hinduism 376 407 419 443
Hinduism, calendar 50
Hippocrates 512
Hippolytus 258
Hiragana 273
Hisabal Jumal 252 261—262
Hittite number system 33—35 39 180—181 326 348
Hiyya, Abraham bar 514
Hoefner, M. 185
Hoernan, Ather 588
Hoffmann, J.E. 91 519
homer 72
Honduras 299 303 313
Hopital des Quinze-Vingts 38
Hoppe, E. 91—92
Horace 207
Horoscope 549
Horus 169 177
Houailou 36
Hrozny 181
Huang ji 279
Huebner, E. 187
Huet, P.D. 359
Hugues, T.P. 555
Huitilopchtli 301
Hunan 272
Hundred 25 179 194
Hundred and eight 295
Hundred and seven 177
Hundred thousand 140 165 168 197—198 325
Hundred, Chinese 263 265 269
Hundred, Greek 182 184
Hundred, Hebrew 215
Hundred, hieroglyphic 165 168 178 181 325
Hundred, Japanese 274
Hundred, Mesopotamian 137—139 142—144 186 229—231
Hundred, Roman numerals 188 192
Hungary 528
Hunger, H. 154 159
Hunt, G. 6
Husayn, Allah ud din 524 526
Huygens, Christian 42
Hybrid systems 330 332 334—335 345
Hybrid systems, Aramaean-Indian 386
Hybrid systems, classification 351—353
Hybrid systems, Tamil 372
Hyde, Thomas 158
Hypsicles 522
I Ching 70
ibn 'Abbas, 'Ali 524
ibn 'Abdallah, 'Ali 252
ibn 'Abdallah, Abu 'Amran Musa ibn Maymun see "Maimonides"
ibn 'Abdallah, Ahmed ibn 'Ali 252
ibn 'Abdallah, Sahl 551
ibn 'Adi, Yahya 513 523
ibn 'Ali, Hamid 522
ibn 'Ali, Sanad 364 521
ibn 'Arabi 527
Ibn Abbad 527
ibn Ahmad, Khalil 58 520
ibn Ahmad, Maslama 524
ibn Badja (Avempace) 526
ibn Bakhtyashu, Jibril 513 521—522
ibn Batriq, Yahya 513 521
Ibn Battutua 527
ibn Bishr, Sahl 514 521
ibn Bunan, Salmawayh 513 522
Ibn Butlan 525
ibn Duwad 523
ibn Gabirol, Salomon (Avicebron) 514
Ibn Hauqal 522 538
ibn Hayyan, Jabir 521
ibn Hazem 525
Ibn Ishaq, Hunayn 513 522
Ibn Janah 525
Ibn Jazla 525
ibn Karram 522
ibn Khaldun, 'Abd ar Rahman 261 363 365 514 519 525 528 553
ibn Khaldun, 'Abd ar Rahman, Prolegomena 529 542 550—552 593
ibn Khurdadbeh 522 537—538
ibn Layth, Abu'l Ghud Muhammad 524
ibn Luqa, Qusta 513
ibn Masawayh, Yuhanna 519—520
ibn Massawayh 522
ibn Mu'tasin, Ahmad 518
ibn Qurra, Thabit 514
Ibn Rushd (Averroes) 514—515 526
ibn Rusta of Isfahen 523
Ibn Sa'ad 58 71 522 542
ibn Sahda 522
ibn Sahl, Sabur 522
ibn Sarafyun, Yahya 522
ibn Shahriyyar, Buzurg 524
ibn Sina, Al Husayn see "Avicenna"
ibn Tahir, Mutahar 364
ibn Tamin, Abu Sahl 364
ibn Tariq, Ya'qub 513 520 530
ibn Taymiyya 527
ibn Thabit, Ibrahim ibn Sinan 523
ibn Tufayl (Abubacer) 526
ibn Tughaj, Muhammad 522
ibn Turk, Abu al-Hamid ibn Wasi 521
ibn Wahshiya 523
ibn Wuhaib, Abu "Abdallah Malik 550
ibn Yunus, Matta 513 523—524
ibn Yusuf, Ahmad 522
ibn Yusuf, al-Hajjaj 521
ibn Ziyad, Tariq 520
ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) 526
Icelandic, Old 33—35
Ideographic representation 79—81 98 107 136 145 163—164 see "Hieroglyphs"
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