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Ifrah G., Bellos D. — The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer
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Íàçâàíèå: The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the ComputerÀâòîðû: Ifrah G., Bellos D. Àííîòàöèÿ: "Georges Ifrah is the man. This book, quite simply, rules. . . . It is outstanding . . . a mind-boggling and enriching experience." –The Guardian (London) "Monumental. . . . a fascinating journey taking us through many different cultures."–The Times (London)"Ifrah’s book amazes and fascinates by the scope of its scholarship. It is nothing less than the history of the human race told through figures." –International Herald Tribune Now in paperback, here is Georges Ifrah’s landmark international bestseller–the first complete, universal study of the invention and evolution of numbers the world over. A riveting history of counting and calculating, from the time of the cave dwellers to the twentieth century, this fascinating volume brings numbers to thrilling life, explaining their development in human terms, the intriguing situations that made them necessary, and the brilliant achievements in human thought that they made possible. It takes us through the numbers story from Europe to China, via ancient Greece and Rome, Mesopotamia, Latin America, India, and the Arabic countries. Exploring the many ways civilizations developed and changed their mathematical systems, Ifrah imparts a unique insight into the nature of human thought–and into how our understanding of numbers and the ways they shape our lives have changed and grown over thousands of years. "Dazzling."–Kirkus Reviews "Sure to transfix readers."–PublishersWeekly
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ìàòåìàòèêà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 2000Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 656Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 17.08.2014Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Botocoudos 5 72 Bottero, J. 80—81 160 Bouche-Leclerq, A. 360 Bourdin, P. 21 Boursault 206 Boustrophedon writing 186 219 Brahma 376 418—419 422 427 441 Brahmagupta 414 419 439 453 Brahmagupta, Brahmasphutasiddhanta 420 439 520 530 573—576 Brahmagupta, multiplication method 573—576 Brahmi numerals 378—379 382 384—395 402 420 433—436 453 Brahmi writing 375—378 397—399 Brasseur de Bourbourg 300 Brazil see "Botocoudos" Breton 33—35 38 Brice, W.C. 109 Bride, price of 72 Brieux 205 Britain, Great 92 146 170—171 176 214 Britain, Great, Treasury 590 British Honduras 299 British New Guinea 13—14 Brockelmann, C. 589 Brooke 18—19 Brothers of Purity (Ikhwan al-safa) 524 Bruce Hannah, H. 26 Bubnov, N. 358 400 Buddha 71 408—409 418 420—425 428 Buddhism 11 71 407—408 443 513 Buehler 386—387 389 438 Buergi, Jost 595 Bugis 14 383 385 Buhturi 522 Bulgaria 528 Bullae 97 99—105 122 234 Bungus, Petrus 199 260 Buonamici, G. 190 197 Bureau des Longitudes (Paris) 43 Burgess 411 Burma, numerals 374—375 384—385 388 Burma, writing 382—383 Burnam, R.L. 363 579—580 Burnell, A.C. 389 438 Burnham 57 200 Bushmen 5 72 Byzantine Empire 222 240 360 518 523 537 Byzantine Empire, arithmetic 334 Cabbala 217 554 Cadmos 219 Caesar, Julius 7 Cagnat 199 Caijiu Feng 279 Cairo 513 523 Cajori, F. 356—357 434 Cakchiquels, Annals of the 301 Calamus reed 539 553 Calculation 132 541 563—566 see "Body "Calculi" "Notched "String" "Tally Calculation, Babylonian 154—156 Calculation, Egyptian 39 174—176 334 Calculation, Mayan 303—305 308 321—322 Calculation, North Africa 559 Calculation, tables 127—130 146 203—206 283—288 555—563 Calculator, pocket, first 209—211 Calculi 96—105 118—119 125—126 139 168 Calculi, Elamites 103 140—141 Calculi, Roman abacus 203—205 Calculi, Sumerian 121—124 131 Calculus 598 calendar 18 50 239 525 Calendar, ciphers 195—196 Calendar, Hebrew 215 217 Calendar, lunar 19 297 407 Calendar, Mayan 36 297 308 311—322 Calendar, Roman 7 Calendar, Shaka 407 Callisthenes 256 Calmet, Dom 359 Cambodia 407 419 see Cambodia, inscriptions 404—405 431 Cambodia, numerals 375 403 413 438 Cambridge Expeditions 12—14 Campeche 299 303 Canaan 228 239 Candela 43 Canossa, Darius vase 200—201 Cantera 216 Canton 272 Cantor, Georg 598 Cantor, Moritz 91 Caoshu writing 267—268 Capella, Martianus 207 Cardinal numeration 20—22 24—26 193 Cardinal numeration, Attic system 182—183 Cardinal numeration, reckoning devices 15—19 96 Cardinal numeration, Yoruba 37 Carib 36 Carolinas Islands 70 Carolingian script 586 Carra de Vaux, B. 358 364 400 Cartography 526 Casanova, P. 549 Catalonia 223 Cataneo 361 Catherwood, Frederick 300 Cato 194 Cattle 72 Cauchy 598 Cayley, Arthur 598 Ce Yuan Hai Jing 282 Celebes Islands 375 Celtic numbers 38 Censuses 68 Centesimal-decimal system 144—145 Central America 300—302 308 see Central America, counting 10 303 Central America, numbers 162 313 Central America, trading methods 72—73 Ceylon 332 see Cha lum numerals 374 Chalcidean alphabet 190 Chalfant 269 Chalk 566—567 Chalkos 182 200—203 Chalmers, J. 14 Chameali numerals 381 384 Champa 404—407 418 Champa, inscriptions 420—421 431 Champa, numerals 383 385 413 421 Chanakya 522 Chandra, Hema 425—426 Changal, Stela of 413 Chapultepec 301 Charlemagne 521 Charles III, king of Spain 248 Charpin, Dominique 88 Chassinat 176 Chelebi, Evliya 529 Chermiss, tally sticks 66 Chess 323—324 Chevalier, J. 437 443 553 555 Chevrons 148—149 Chhedi 454 Chiapas province 299 303 Chichen Itza 300 Chilam Balam, Books of 301 Children 4—5 10 214 Chimpu 70 see knotted" China 51 263—273 276—296 381 China, abacus 283—294 556 China, counting 39 49—50 61 66 70 343 428 China, high numbers 276—278 333 429 China, monetary system 73 75—76 China, number mysticism 554 China, number system 162 168 263—296 332 336—343 353—354 375 China, outside influences 408—409 512 516 520 526 Chinassi 529 Chinese Turkestan writing 382 385 420 Chodzko, A. 543 545 Chogha Mish 101 Chorem 513 Chou 125 283—288 Christ 251 Christianity 513 see Christianity, Arabic 240 513 Christianity, Central America 300—301 Christianity, demonised Arabic numerals 588 Christianity, isopsephy 259—261 Chronograms 250—252 553 see Chuquet, Nicolas 427—428 Chuvash 66 Cicero 47 51 194 203 circle 92 City of God, The 257 Clandri, Philippi 589 Claparede, E. 365 Classification of sciences 517 523 525 Clay objects see also "Calculi" "Tablet" Clay objects, accounting 78 80 109—111 Clay objects, tokens 96 99 Clock-making 518 Coatepec 302 Coatlan 302 Code Napoleon 66 Codes and ciphers 158—161 248—262 553—554 see "Numerology" Codex Aemilianensis 579—580 Codex Mendoza 36 302—303 306 Codex Morley 298 Codex Selden 298 Codex Telleriano Remensis 307 Codex Tro-Cortesianus 298 301 312 Codex Vigilanus 362 580 Codices, Hebrew 217 Codrington, M. 6 19 Coe, M.D. 299 320 Coedes, G. 403 406—407 413 Cohen, M. 185 242—244 376 385—386 533 Cohen, R. 238 Coins 75—76 183 190 520 Colebrooke, H.T. 573 Colin, G.S. 244 250 252 Columnless board 562—563 Comte, Auguste 528 Conant, L.L. 19 45 Concrete numeration 21 23 167—168 Congo, early money 73 Conic sections 522—523 Conrady, A. 66 Constantinople 520 528 Contenau, G. 159 Contracts 66 70 Coomaraswamy 419 Copan 297 313 320 Coptic 168 224 Copts 55 Cordoba 513 523 525 587 Cordovero, Moses 253 Corinth 219 Correspondence 21—23 Correspondence, biunivocal 10 Correspondence, one-for-one 10—12 16—17 19 96 191 194 Cortez 302 cos 183 Cottrell, L. 533 Coulomb 43 Counting 10 19—22 76 Counting, cuneiform ideogram meaning 131 Counting, methods 62—63 68—71 99 Counting, rhymes 214 Cowrie shells as currency 72 Crafte of Nombrynge, The 361 creation 217 251 364 Creation, Mayan Long Count 316 320 Cremonensis, Geraldus, Liber Maumeti filii Moysi Alchoarismi de algebra et almuchabala 531 Crete 178—180 521 523 Crete, Linear A and Linear B 229 326 Crete, number system 9 178—180 326 348 Crimea 226 528 Cro-Magnon man 62—63 Crusades 525—526 586—588 Cryptography 158—161 248—250 259—261 554 see "Numerology" Ctesibius 518 594 Cubes 363 524 Cubes, roots 285 293 596 Cubit 141 Cufik see "Kufic" Cuneiform codes and ciphers 158—161 Cuneiform decimal 137 139—140 Cuneiform notation 87—88 135—138 142 180—181 Cuneiform numerals 84 89—90 100 125 145 Cuneiform script 107 121 148—149 Cuneiform tablets 130—134 Cunningham 386—387 Curr 6 Currency 41 72—76 182—184 308 Curtze 361 Curviform notation 125 130 Cushing, F.H. 15 196 Cuvillier, A. 366 Cyclades 219 cylinders 522 Cypher, etymology of 589—590 Cyprian 257 Cyprus 523 Cyril of Alexandria, Saint 56 Cyrillic alphabet 212 Cyrus of Persia 135 Czech, number names 33 35 d'Auxerre, Remy 207 Da zhuan writing style 280 Da'wa 261—262 Dadda III 419 DAFI (French Archeological Delegation in Iran) 101—103 105—107 109 140 248 DAGR 222 Dahomey 19 Daishi, Kobo 296 Dalmatia 194—195 Damais 405—406 Damamini, Ad 528 Damascus 513 519—520 525—526 Damerov 92—93 Dammartin, Moreau 588 Dan 36 253 Dantzig, T. 6 22—23 36 46 334 Daremberg, C. 221 428 Darius, King 70 201 Darwin, Charles 519 Das, S.C. 26 Dast, Zarrin 525 Dasypodius, Conrad 358—359 590 Datta, B. 356 364 386—388 399—400 414 419 422 434 438 562 568 573 Dayak 18—19 de Ayala, Guaman Poma 69 308 de Brebeuf, Georges 206 de Chavannes 267 de Coulanges, F. 366 de Genouillac 86 88 de Jancigny, Dubois 444 de La Vallee-Poussin, L. 530 de Landa, Diego 300—301 314 de Laon, Radulph 207
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