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Ifrah G., Bellos D. — The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer
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Íàçâàíèå: The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the ComputerÀâòîðû: Ifrah G., Bellos D. Àííîòàöèÿ: "Georges Ifrah is the man. This book, quite simply, rules. . . . It is outstanding . . . a mind-boggling and enriching experience." –The Guardian (London) "Monumental. . . . a fascinating journey taking us through many different cultures."–The Times (London)"Ifrah’s book amazes and fascinates by the scope of its scholarship. It is nothing less than the history of the human race told through figures." –International Herald Tribune Now in paperback, here is Georges Ifrah’s landmark international bestseller–the first complete, universal study of the invention and evolution of numbers the world over. A riveting history of counting and calculating, from the time of the cave dwellers to the twentieth century, this fascinating volume brings numbers to thrilling life, explaining their development in human terms, the intriguing situations that made them necessary, and the brilliant achievements in human thought that they made possible. It takes us through the numbers story from Europe to China, via ancient Greece and Rome, Mesopotamia, Latin America, India, and the Arabic countries. Exploring the many ways civilizations developed and changed their mathematical systems, Ifrah imparts a unique insight into the nature of human thought–and into how our understanding of numbers and the ways they shape our lives have changed and grown over thousands of years. "Dazzling."–Kirkus Reviews "Sure to transfix readers."–PublishersWeekly
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ìàòåìàòèêà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 2000Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 656Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 17.08.2014Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Lombok 375 London, Royal Society of 42 Long Count 316—319 Lot of Sodom 253 Louis XI France 38 Louis XIV 528 Louvre 146 Lucania 189 Lull, Ramon 550 Lunar cycle 17—18 50 217 Lunar cycle and numerology 93 Lunar cycle, calendars 19 297 407 Lunar cycle, eclipse 529 Lunar cycle, mansions 554 Luther, Martin 260—261 Lutsu 64 Lycians 9 39 Lydian civilisation 9 Lyon 141 Ma'shar, Abu 521 Macassar writing 383 Maccabeus, Simon 234 MacGregor, Sir William 14 Machtots, Mesrop 224 Madagascar 125 368 534 Madura 375 Magadha 383 Maghreb 244 252 513 520—521 525—528 Maghreb, calculation 556 560 563 Maghreb, numerals 356 385 534—539 559 Maghreb, writing 539—540 Maghribi script 539—540 magic 248—262 298 302 549—556 see Magic talismans 262 522 554 Magini 595 Magnus, Albertus 515 Mahabharata 419 Mahajani writing 381 384 Maharashtri writing 380 384 Mahaviracharya 399 414 418 421 562 Mahmud 523 Mahommed see "Mohammed" Maidu 125 Maimon, Rabbi Moshe Ben see "Maimonides" Maimonides 526 Maithili numerals 370 381 384 421 Majami 55 Maknez, chronograms 252 Malagasy 39 Malay, Old 383 385 404 406 Malaya 534 Malayalam numerals 332 334—335 342 353 373 383 385 Malaysia 39 368 406—407 418 420 Maldives 374 Malherbe, M. 36 51 273 Mali 72 Malinke 36 44 Mallia 178 Mallon 224 Malta 522 Manaeans 9 Manchuria 272 Manchus 39 Mandeali numerals 381 384 Manipuri numerals 381 384 421 Mann 37 Mansur, Yahya ibn Abi 513 521 Many, concept of 5—6 32 94 Mapping 10—12 16—17 21 23 Marathi numerals 369 380 384 421 438 Marchesinus, J. 588 Marduk 146—147 159 161 Mari 74 81 134 142—146 336 352 Maronites 240 Marrakech 525 527 Marre, A. 363 568 Martel, Charles 512 520 Martial 203 Martinet, A. 385 Marwari numerals 381 384 421 Mashallah 359 520 Mashio, C. 305 Maspero, H. 74 267 269 Massignon, L. 512 514—519 Masson, O. 179 Materialen zum Sumerischen Lexikon 130 Mathematical Treatise 515 Mathematics in the Time of the Pharoahs 175 Mathews 268 278 Mathura numerals 397—398 Matlazinca 301 Matzusaki, Kiyoshi 289 Maudslay, Alfred 300 Maximus, Claudius 56 Maya civilisation 72 297—322 Maya civilisation, astronomy 315—316 321—322 Maya civilisation, calculation 303—305 321—322 Maya civilisation, calendars 36 300 311—319 Maya civilisation, mysticism 300 311—314 316—322 Maya civilisation, writing 298—301 305 311—314 316—322 Mayan number system 9 36 44 162 303—312 345 Mayan number system, positional 322 337 339—340 353—354 430 Mayan number system, zero 320—322 341—342 430 Mazaheri, A. 363 519 533 539 541—542 549 556 561 Mead 541 Measurement 82 91 153 158 Mebaragesi 81 mecca 519 529 537 554 Mechain 43 Media 519 522 Mediating objects see "Model collections" Medina 519 Mediterranean 212 222 Mehmed IV, Sultan 529 Mehmet II, Sultan 528 Mei Wen Ding 280 284 Mejing 516 Melanesian Languages 6 Melos 219 Menelaus 513 522—523 Menna, Prince 61 Menninger, K. 190 276 283 336 343 356 428 Merida, bishop of 300 Meridian expedition 42—43 Merv 513 Mesha, King 212—213 Mesopotamia 94 162 239 see "Elam" "Semites" "Sexagesimal "Sumerians" Mesopotamia, Arabs 512 519 526 528 Mesopotamia, Babylonian era 134—161 Mesopotamia, counting, abacus 130—133 562—563 Mesopotamia, counting, bullae 99 101 Mesopotamia, counting, calculi 97—98 Mesopotamia, counting, clay tablets 84—89 Mesopotamia, India 376 513 Mesopotamia, Mari 142—146 Mesopotamia, mysticism 93—94 554 Mesopotamia, number system 82 96—108 134—161 325—329 Mesopotamia, number system, Aramaic numerals 228 Mesopotamia, number system, decimals 138—146 Mesopotamia, number system, letter-numerals 243 Mesopotamia, number system, zero 152—154 341 Mesopotamia, writing 212 539 Messiah (jewish) 253 Metal, as currency 73—74 Metaphysics 20 Metonic cycle 195 Metric history 42—43 Metric system 595 Metrology 182 Mexico 36 299—301 303 305 307 Mexico City 301 305 Mi-s'on 406—407 413 Micah III 256 Middle East, calculi 97—98 Middle East, language 52 212 222 248—250 Middle East, Semites 134 Midrash 253 Mieli, A. 519 Mikame 289 Miletus 219 Milik, J.T. 234 Millas 216 Miller, J. 42 273—274 Milliard 428 Million 140 165 168 325 427—428 Minaeans 185—186 Minoan civilisation 39 178—180 Minos, King 178 Minus (mathematical concept) 89 Mirkhond 528 Miskawayh 525 Misra, B. 562 Misri, Dhu "an Nun 522 Mithat, Ahmet 529 Mithras 259 Mitsuyoshi, Yoshida 278 Miwok 125 Mixtecs 36 305 307—308 Mkhedrouli 225 Mnemonics 432 537 Moab 212 Model collections 10 12 17—18 23 Modern numerals 324—325 343—347 356—365 368 385 426—439 592—599 Modi numerals 380 384 Moeller, G. 342 390 Mogul Empire 528 Mohammed 47 50—51 58—59 514 519 553 Mohenjo-daro 375 385 Mohini 50 Mole 43 Moliere 38 Mommsen, T. 187 Mon writing 194 383 money 41 72—76 182—184 308 Monge 42—43 Mongolia 22 27 39 49 51 556 Mongolian Empire 382 526—527 Mongolian numerals 382 385 395—396 Monks 70—71 Monks, Zen 295 Monteil, V. 513—514 516 518—519 593 Montezuma 301 303 Montucla, J.F. 360—361 Moon 217 239 411 see Moor 439 Moraze, Charles 345 347 Moreh Nebukhim (Guide for the Lost) 514 Morley, S.G. 298 316 320 Morocco 51 252 555 Morra 51—52 Moses 254 553 Moss 75 Mota 19 Motecuhzoma I 301 303 Mouton, Abbe Gabriel 42 Mozarabes (Arabic Christians) 513 Mu'awiyah 520 Mudara, Muhammedal 252 Muhammad of Ghur 526 Muhammad, Abu Nasr 523 Multani numerals 381 384 421 Multiplication methods, abacus 127 204—206 208—209 285—287 292 557—559 582—585 Multiplication methods, calculi 122 Multiplication methods, fingers 59—61 Multiplication methods, tables 154—156 220 561 578 Multiplication methods, written 154—156 174—176 567—576 Multiplicative principle 229 231 246 263 270 330—334 Muqaddimah 261 363 519 529 542 552—553 593 Murabba'at 236 Murray Islanders 5—6 14 Muslims see also "Arab-Islamic civilisation" Muslims, finger gestures 47 50 52 58—59 Muslims, Hisabal Jumal 250 252 261—262 Muslims, magic talismans 262 522 554 Muslims, prayer 9 50 71 Mutanabbi 522 Muwaffak, Abu Mansur 524 Mycenae 179 Myres 179 Myriad 26 221—222 Mysticae numerorum signification esopus 199 Mysticism, number see also "Codes and ciphers" "Magic" Mysticism, number, Arabs 512 553—555 Mysticism, number, China 270 Mysticism, number, fear of numbers 214 275—276 Mysticism, number, India 431 543 Mysticism, number, Mayan 321—322 Mysticism, number, sacred symbols 93—94 162 239 Mysticism, number, soothsayers 261—262 269 551—556 Nabataean numerals 212 227—228 390 Nabi 529 Nagari numerals 364 368—369 384 400 421 438 481 532 538 Nagari writing 364 377 379—380 388 420 Naima 529 Nakshatra 417 Names of numbers 14—15 19—23 33—35 136—137 Names of numbers, games 159 Names of numbers, gods' names used 95 Names of numbers, Indian 481—482 Names of numbers, Mayan 303—304 Names of numbers, prayer words 214 Nana Ghat 379 387—388 391 397—399 420 435—436 Napier, John 597 Narayana 562 Narmer, King 164—165 Nasik 379 387—388 397—398 435 Naskhi script 539—540 Nasr 101 Nasr, Abu 524 Nasr, S.H. 516 519 Nastalik script 539—540 Nathan, Ferdinand 291 Natural History 47 198 200 427 Nau, F. 366 Naveh 232 234 Nayshaburi, Hasan ibn Muhammad an 571 Nebuchadnezzar II 135 236 Nedim 529 Needham, Joseph 51 264 268—269 278—284 293 408 Nefi 529 negative numbers 278 283 287 597 Negev, A. 73 Nemea 185 Nepal 377 384 388 390 420 Nepali numerals 371 381 384 392—398 438 Nergal 161 Nero 256 260 Nesselmann, G.H.F. 218 Nestor, King 55 Nestorian sect 240 Neugebauer, O. 91—92 150 153 157 414—415 New Guinea 13—14 305 New Hebrides 36 New Mexico 196 Newberry 52 Newton, Isaac 42 Nichomachus of Gerasa 43—44 Nicobar Islands 375 Nicomacchus of Gerasa 578 Niehbuhr, Karsten 48—49
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