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Ifrah G., Bellos D. — The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer
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Íàçâàíèå: The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the ComputerÀâòîðû: Ifrah G., Bellos D. Àííîòàöèÿ: "Georges Ifrah is the man. This book, quite simply, rules. . . . It is outstanding . . . a mind-boggling and enriching experience." –The Guardian (London) "Monumental. . . . a fascinating journey taking us through many different cultures."–The Times (London)"Ifrah’s book amazes and fascinates by the scope of its scholarship. It is nothing less than the history of the human race told through figures." –International Herald Tribune Now in paperback, here is Georges Ifrah’s landmark international bestseller–the first complete, universal study of the invention and evolution of numbers the world over. A riveting history of counting and calculating, from the time of the cave dwellers to the twentieth century, this fascinating volume brings numbers to thrilling life, explaining their development in human terms, the intriguing situations that made them necessary, and the brilliant achievements in human thought that they made possible. It takes us through the numbers story from Europe to China, via ancient Greece and Rome, Mesopotamia, Latin America, India, and the Arabic countries. Exploring the many ways civilizations developed and changed their mathematical systems, Ifrah imparts a unique insight into the nature of human thought–and into how our understanding of numbers and the ways they shape our lives have changed and grown over thousands of years. "Dazzling."–Kirkus Reviews "Sure to transfix readers."–PublishersWeekly
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ìàòåìàòèêà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 2000Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 656Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 17.08.2014Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Ideographic representation, Akkadian 159—160 Ideographic representation, Chinese 265 271 273 Ideographic representation, Linear A script 178 Ifrah, G. 137 368 369—375 Ifriqiya 521—523 525 528 Ifriqiya, ghubari numerals 534 536 Ikhanian Tables 527 Iliad 72 214 Iltumish 526 Imperial measurements 92 Inca civilisation 39 68—69 125 308 Incalculable, Indian 422 InCh 92 India 356—439 512 520 523 526—528 India, astrology 417 463 India, astronomy 409—411 416—417 431—432 513—514 India, writing 212 431—432 Indian number system 332 341 346—347 361—439 534 Indian number system in Islamic world 511—576 Indian number system, calculation 346 435—437 568 Indian number system, chronograms 251 Indian number system, counting 39 49—50 94 559 Indian number system, dictionary of numerical symbols 440—510 Indian number system, fractions 424—425 595 Indian number system, high numbers 421—426 434 440 Indian number system, Indian numerals 367—383 389—399 Indian number system, place-value system 334—335 353 399—409 416—421 Indju, Jamal ad din Husayn 528 Indo-Aramaic 228 Indo-Europeans 22 29—32 Indochina 49—50 65—66 407 Indonesia 368 407 Indraji, B. 388—389 Indus civilisation 39 162 385 Infants see "Children" infinity 362 419 421—422 426 440 470—472 597—598 Intaille 203 Integers 597 Integers, aspects of 21—22 International Standards system (IS) 43 Inuit 36 44 305 invoices 78 110 Iran 81 135 522 see Iran, accounting 97—99 101—102 Iran, counting 94 290 Iran, number system 368 534 Iraq 52 see Iraq, accounting 101 121 Iraq, counting 49 94 Iraq, number system 251 368 534 Irish 33—35 38 Irrational numbers 528 596—597 Isabella I 528 Isaiah 258 Isfahan 513 Ishtar 161 Isidore of Seville 56 578 ISIS 169 258 Iskhi-Addu, King 74 Islam see "Muslims" Isma'il, Sultan 252 Ismail, Mulay 528 Isme-Dagan, King 74 Isopsephy 252 256—261 Israel 97—98 212 239 see "Jews" Italic script 212—213 586 Italy 51 522 Italy, number system 31 238 Italy, writing 216 219 586 Itard, J. 48 221—222 428 Itzcoatl 301 Ivan IV Vassilievich 96 Ivanoff, P. 298—299 Ivanov, V.V. 385 Iyer 434 Jacob, Francois 593 Jacob, Simon 206 Jacobites 240 Jacques 443 Jacquet 438 Jaggayyapeta 378 Jaguar Priests 301 Jainas 425—426 440 Jainas, Lokavibhaga 416—420 430 Jalalabad writing 376 Jami'at tawarikh (Universal History) 516 Janus (god) 47 Japan 305 381 Japan, games 294—296 Japan, mysticism 554 Japan, number system 36 273—283 289—290 388 542—543 Jarir 520 Jaunsari numerals 381 384 Java 406—407 418 420 Java, Kawi writing 383—384 404 Java, Sanskrit 413 Javanese numerals 375 392—393 395 438 Jealousy multiplication 567—571 576 Jefferson 42 Jelinek 62 Jemdet 101 Jemdet Nasr 81 110 Jensen 219 Jerome, Saint 56 Jerusalem 233—234 236 525—526 587—588 Jestin 89 121 Jesus 257—258 Jews 134 239 256 512—513 537—538 see "Israel" Jews, mysticism 250 252—256 Jews, number system 71 157—158 238 Jiangxian, Old Mann of 280 Jinkoki 278 Jiu zhang suan shu 287 John of Halifax 361 John of Seville 362 John, St 256 260 Jonglet, Rene 65 JORDAN 228 368 534 Jouguet, P. 220—221 Judaea 236 239 Julia, D.L. 593 Julian calendar 50 Juljul, Ibn 524 Junayd 523 Jundishapur 512—513 Justinian, Emperor 512 Justus of Ghent 48 Juvenal 55 203 Kabul 520 Kabyles 66 Kadman 233 Kai yuan zhan jing 408 418 Kairouan 513 Kaishu writing 267—268 Kaithi numerals 370 381 384 421 Kalaman, King 244 Kalidasa 419 Kalila wa Dimna 323 419 520 556 KALPA 473—474 Kamalakara 414 Kamata numerals 374 Kamil, 'Abu 514 516 523—524 530 Kamilarai people 5 Kampuchea 375 Kandahar 376 Kangshi, Emperor 343 Kanheri 401 Kanji ideograms 273 Kanjo Otogi Zoshi 289 Kannada numerals 374 385 Kannara numerals 383 438 Kapadia, H.R. 562 Karlgren, B. 272 Karoshthi numerals 386—387 Karpinski, L.C. 207 356 361—362 364 381 386—387 399—400 538 580 Karystos 269 Kashmir 368 370—371 381 420—421 438 Katakana 273 Katapayadi numerals 388 Kawi writing 383—385 404 421 Kaye, G.R. 358 400—402 407 434 Kazem-Zadeh, H. 543 545 Kelvin 43 Kemal, Mustafa 529 Kemal, Namik 529 Keneshre 366 512 Kenriyu, Miyake 284 Kerameus, Father Theophanus 256 Kern, H. 406 413 418 Ketsujo 542 Kewitsch, G. 91—93 Khalid 512 Khalifa, Hajji 528 Khaliji, 'Ala ud din 527 Khan, Genghis 382 526 556 Khan, Haluga 526—527 Khaqani 58—59 526 556 Kharezm Province 513 Kharoshthi writing 376—377 386 Khas Boloven 65—66 KhaSeKhem, King 165 Khatra 228 Khayyam, Omar 513—516 525 Khirbet el Kom 235 Khirbet Qumran 234 Khmer 383 404—407 420 Khmer numerals 375 385 421 438 Khmer, number system 36—37 388 403—404 Khorsabad 141 159 Khoutsouri 225 Khoziba 259 Khudawadi numerals 369 381 384 Khurasan 523—524 Khuzistan 519 Kilogram 42—43 King, ideogram for 159—160 Kircher, A. 210 226 Kis 81 101 134 Kitab al arqam (Book of Figures) 363 Kitabfi tahqiq i ma li'l hind 363 368 426 Knossos 178—180 Knot, meaning decimal system 542 Kochi numerals 381 384 Koebel 205 358 Kokhba, Simon Bar 233 Koran 514 519 521 553—554 Korea 275 278—283 Kota Kapur 404 kronecker 593 Kshatrapa numerals 397—398 Kufa, founded 519 Kufic script 243 539—540 Kulango 36 Kului numerals 381 384 Kululu 181 Kumi 190 Kurdistan 528 Kushana numerals 397—398 Kutila numerals 381 384 Kyosuke, K.C. 305 L'Inde Classique 443 La Caille 43 La Condamine 42 La Mesure de la Terre 42 Labat, R. 84 87 99 Lafaye, G. 51 Lagas 81 93 Lagrange 42—43 Lakhish 213 236 Lalitavistara Sutra 420—425 Lalla 414 Lalou, M. 26 Lambert, Meyer 90 137 Lampong writing 383 Landa numerals 381 384 Landsberger, D. 130 Langdon, S. 109 116—117 385—386 Lao Tse 70 Laos 375 383 Laplace, P.S. 42—43 361 Larfeld 182 Laroche, E. 180—181 Larsa 146 Laser 43 Latin 52 72 96 194 Latin, alphabet 212 Latin, number names 7 31 33—35 Laurembergus 359 589 Lavoisier 42 Law of 10 Frimaire, Year VIII 43 Laws of 18 Germinal, Year III 42—43 LCM (lowest common multiple) 93 Le Brun, Alain 101 109 Le Gendre, F. 566 Le Maur, Carlos 357 Lebanon 368 Leclant 52 Lehmann-Haupt 91 Leibnitz 550 598 Lemoine, J.G. 49—50 56 541—542 Lengua people 15 Lenoir 43 Leonard of Pisa see "Fibonacci" Leonidas of Alexandria 256 Lepsius 75 Letter numerals see "Abjad numerals" "Alphabetic Lettres of Malherbe 51 Leupold, Jacob 57 357 Levey 434 Levias, C. 359 Levy-Bruhl, L. 5 19 45—46 Leydon Plaque 318—319 Li Ye 282—283 Li, J.M. 275 Liber de Computo 56 Liber etymologiarum 56 Libya 368 520 Lichtenberg 593 Lidzbarski, M. 212 390 Liebermann, S.J. 98—99 130 140 ligatures 170—171 228—229 246 391 434 Light of Asia, The 421 Lilavati 431 Limbu numerals 381 Lincoln, Abraham 37 Lindemann 596 Linear A script 178—180 Linear B script 178—180 Lines, grouping of 433—434 Liouville 596 Lishu writing 266—268 Lithuania 33—35 Lives of Famous Men 55 Lobachevsky 598 Locke 68 Loefler 91 Logarithms, natural 597 Logic 598 Lokavibhdga 416—420 430 Lombard, D. 265
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