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Ifrah G., Bellos D. — The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer
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Íàçâàíèå: The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the ComputerÀâòîðû: Ifrah G., Bellos D. Àííîòàöèÿ: "Georges Ifrah is the man. This book, quite simply, rules. . . . It is outstanding . . . a mind-boggling and enriching experience." –The Guardian (London) "Monumental. . . . a fascinating journey taking us through many different cultures."–The Times (London)"Ifrah’s book amazes and fascinates by the scope of its scholarship. It is nothing less than the history of the human race told through figures." –International Herald Tribune Now in paperback, here is Georges Ifrah’s landmark international bestseller–the first complete, universal study of the invention and evolution of numbers the world over. A riveting history of counting and calculating, from the time of the cave dwellers to the twentieth century, this fascinating volume brings numbers to thrilling life, explaining their development in human terms, the intriguing situations that made them necessary, and the brilliant achievements in human thought that they made possible. It takes us through the numbers story from Europe to China, via ancient Greece and Rome, Mesopotamia, Latin America, India, and the Arabic countries. Exploring the many ways civilizations developed and changed their mathematical systems, Ifrah imparts a unique insight into the nature of human thought–and into how our understanding of numbers and the ways they shape our lives have changed and grown over thousands of years. "Dazzling."–Kirkus Reviews "Sure to transfix readers."–PublishersWeekly
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ìàòåìàòèêà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 2000Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 656Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 17.08.2014Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
de Luna, Juan 362 de Mecquenem, R. 109 116—117 de Mendoza, Don Antonio 303 de Montaigne, Michel 205—206 577 590 de Moya, Juan Perez 55 De pascha computus 257 De ratione temporum 49—50 52 56 de Rivero, M.E. 69 de Sacrobosco, Jean 358 361 de Sevigne 206 de Solla Price, D. 518 de Ville-Dieu, Alexandre 361 de Wit, C. 176 Dead Sea Scrolls 213 234 Decimal system 24—36 39—44 354—355 542 Decimal system, Ben Ezra 346 Decimal system, Chinese 263 278—283 Decimal system, counting 68—69 96 139—142 192—193 208—209 Decimal system, Cretan 178 180 Decimal system, Egyptian 39 162 Decimal system, fractions 282 528 595 Decimal system, hieroglyphs 167 Decimal system, Mesopotamia 138—146 Decimal system, metric system 42—43 Decimal system, proto-Elamite 120 Decimal system, Semitic 136 Decimal system, Sumerian 93—95 Decourdemanche, M.J.A. 248—249 Dedron, P. 48 221—222 428 Deimel, A. 82 84 89 121 131—132 Delambre 43 Delhi 526—528 Demetrius II 234 Demotic writing 171 Denarius 210 Dendara, temple of 176 Dene-Dindjie Indians 46 Denier, French unit 92 Denmark 33 38 Dermenghem, E. 519 Descartes, Rene 42 199 597—598 Destombes, M. 360 Devambez, P. 182—183 Devanagari numerals see "Nagari numerals" Dewani numerals 543—545 550 Dharmaraksha 425 Dharmashastra 419 Dhombres, Jean 43 Dibon Gad 212 Dickens, Charles 65 Dictionary of Indian numerical symbols 440—510 Diderot 519 Diener, M.S. 443 Digital 59 Dilbat 138 Ding zhu suan fa 343 Diocletian 260 Diophantus of Alexandria 221 513 522—524 598 Diringer 270 Disability, spatio-temporal 5 Divination 159 269 549—556 see Divine Tetragram 218 254 see Division, a la francaise 566 Division, abacus 127—130 206 285 287 Division, calculi 121—124 Division, Egypt, Ancient 174—176 Dobrizhoffer, M. 6 Dodge 364 Dogon 72 Dogri numerals 370—371 384 421 Dols, P.J. 49 Donner 229 Dornseiff, F. 256 Doutte, E. 553—555 Dozen 41 92 95 Drachma 182—183 201—203 Dravidian numerals 373—374 383 Dresden Codex 301 308 310 du Gard, Martin 541 Duality 32 Duclaux, J. 367 Duke of York's Island 6 Dulaf, Abu 523 Dumesnil, Georges 356 Dumoutier 272 Dung (counting device) 12 Duodecimal system 41—43 92—95 Duplications, abacus 206 Dupuy, Louis 42 Durand, J-M. 145 336 Dust-board calculation 555—563 Dutch, number names 33—35 Dvivedi, S. 414—415 439 573 Dyadic principle see "Binary principle" e, number 597 EA 161 Easter, determining 50 Ebla tablets 135 145 Eclipse 529 Ecuador 69 543 Ed Dewachi, S. 519 Edesse 512 Edfu, temple of 176 Edomites 212 Egine 183 Egypt, Ancient 73—74 162 166 236 259 389 Egypt, Ancient and Arabs 519 522—523 525—529 545 Egypt, Ancient, sign language 55 Egypt, calculation 39 174—176 334 Egypt, calculation, abacus 541—542 Egypt, calculation, fingers 51—52 61 94 Egypt, number system 9 91 162—177 325—329 342—350 390 Egypt, number system, alphabetic numerals 232 238 243 Egypt, number system, Arabic numerals 356 Egypt, number system, Indian numerals 368 534 Egypt, number system, number mysticism 554 Egypt, writing 162 212 392 Egypt, writing, hieratic 170—171 236—239 Egypt, writing, secret 248 Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll (EMLR) 176 EIGHT 34 396 Eight hundred, Hebrew 216—217 Eight thousand, Aztec 305 Eight thousand, Mayan 308 Eight, Chinese 269 Eight, Egypt 176 Eight, Hebrew 215 Eight, Indian 410 Eight, Japanese 273 Eighteen, Egypt 177 Eighty, cryptographic 248 Eighty, Hebrew 215 235 Eighty-eight, Japanese 295 Eisenstein 96 El Obeid 134 El Salvador 299 303 Elam 102 134—135 Elam, accounting 99 101—107 111—120 Elam, calculi 140—141 Elam, cryptograms 159—160 Elam, numerals 9 39 96—120 146 Elam, proto-Elamite script 107—120 Elema's body counting system 13—14 Elements 521 523 525 Elephantine 213 227 229—233 235 390 Eleven, base 41 Eliezer of Damascus 253—254 Elogium of Duilius 189 Elzevir script face 588 EMLR (Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll) 176 End of the world 426 Engineering 518 England, clog almanacs 195—196 England, number names 31 33—35 428 England, score (twenty) 37—38 England, tally sticks 65 English script 586 English, Old 72 Englund 92—93 Enlil 161 Ephesus 199 Ephron the Hittite 73 Epicurus 522 Epidaurus 185 Epigraphy 399—400 402—407 419 Epistle of Barnabas 257 Equador 308 Equations 283 287 511 525 530 Equivalence between sets 3—4 Erhard, F.K. 443 Erichsen, R.W. 342 Erpenius 359 Erse, Old 33—35 Eskimos 36 Essene sect 234—235 Essig 41—42 Estranghelo 240 Ethiopia, number system 137 238 246—247 353 Ethiopian numerals 387 Etruscans, abacus 125 203 Etruscans, alphabet 212—213 Etruscans, number system 9 39 189—190 327 349 Etruscans, Roman numerals 196—197 Eubeus 219 Euboea 183 Euclid 512—513 522 527 588 598 Euclidian geometry 598 Europe 42 519—520 571 Europe, Arabic numerals 577—582 586—591 European numerals 392—396 Evans, Sir Arthur 178—179 Eve 254 Evolution theory 519 Ewald 363 Exaltation of Ishtar 159 Exponential powers 528 594 Ezra, Rabbi Abraham Ben Meir ibn 346 362 514 526 589 Fahangi Dijhangiri 52 Fairman, H.W. 176 Falkenstein 81—82 Far East 70 272—276 278—283 294—296 Fara 87 101 see Faraut, F.G. 407 Farsi language 518 Fath, Abu'l 523 Fatima (Mohammed's daughter) 71 542 555 Fayzoullaiev, O. 519 531 Feet and inches 92 Fekete, L. 543 547 Feldman, A. 518—519 Fenelon 206 Ferdinand II 528 Fevrier, J.G. 64 66 70 79 185 213 219 376 382 387 Fez 252 513 520 525 527 539 fibonacci 365 523 588 598 Fibonacci, Liber abaci 361—362 588—589 Fifteen 161 177 218 Fifty 184 186 215 Fifty thousand 184 197—198 Fifty, cryptogram 93 161 248 Fifty, Roman numerals 188 192 Fifty-three 305 Fifty-two 315—316 Fihrist al alum, Al Kitab al 364 531 539 Fijians 19 Filliozat, J. 335 386—387 431 438 443 Finger counting 22 28 47—61 168 578 see "Body Finger counting and base 44 93—95 Finkelstein 134 Finot, L. 406 Firduzi, Abu'l Qasim 58 525 Fischer-Schreiber, I. 443 Five 34 176 194 394 442 554—555 Five hundred 184 188 216—217 Five thousand 184 197—198 Five, Attic 182 Five, base 36 44—46 62 192—193 Five, Chinese 269 Five, Greek 184 Five, Hebrew 215 Five, Indian 410 Five, Mayan 308 Five, Minaean 186 Five, Roman 188 192 Five, rule of 9 Five, Sheban 186 FLEET 438 Floating-point notation 594 Fold, P. 518—519 Folge 364 Folkerts, M. 580—581 Forbes, W. 547 Formaleoni 91 Formosa 73 Fortune-telling see "Mysticism" Forty 93 161 215 248 Forty-nine 442 Forty-two 276 Fossey 272 Foulquie, P. 365 541 four 33 176 215 394 410 Four hundred 215 305 308 Four thousand 276 Four, base 94 Four, Chinese 269 271 Four, Japanese 273 Four, limit of 7—9 19 22 391 Four, mysticism 94 276 Fournier 588 Fourteen 161 177 Fractions 548—549 594 596 Fractions, Babylonian 151 153 408 Fractions, decimal 282 528 595 Fractions, Egyptian 168—170 Fractions, Indian 424—425 Fractions, Maya 298 France 42—43 51 72 577 586 see France, counting 32 38 65—66 290 France, French Revolution 42 206 590 595 France, metric 42—43 France, number system 31 33—35 92 427—428 585 Franz J. 182 Frederic, Louis 263 273 296 367 374 376 389 408 417 425 440 443 513 519 543 Freigius 198—199 French National Archives 43 Friedrichs, K. 443 Frieldlein 580 Frohner 55 Fuegians 5 Fulah 36 Fuzuli 528 Galba, Emperor 200 Galen 256 512—513 Gallenkamp, C. 297 311—312 314 Galois, Evariste 596 598 Games 294—296 Gamkrelidze, T.V. 385 Gan ma zi writing 268 Gandhara 228 Gandz, S. 542
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