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Ifrah G., Bellos D. — The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer
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Íàçâàíèå: The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the ComputerÀâòîðû: Ifrah G., Bellos D. Àííîòàöèÿ: "Georges Ifrah is the man. This book, quite simply, rules. . . . It is outstanding . . . a mind-boggling and enriching experience." –The Guardian (London) "Monumental. . . . a fascinating journey taking us through many different cultures."–The Times (London)"Ifrah’s book amazes and fascinates by the scope of its scholarship. It is nothing less than the history of the human race told through figures." –International Herald Tribune Now in paperback, here is Georges Ifrah’s landmark international bestseller–the first complete, universal study of the invention and evolution of numbers the world over. A riveting history of counting and calculating, from the time of the cave dwellers to the twentieth century, this fascinating volume brings numbers to thrilling life, explaining their development in human terms, the intriguing situations that made them necessary, and the brilliant achievements in human thought that they made possible. It takes us through the numbers story from Europe to China, via ancient Greece and Rome, Mesopotamia, Latin America, India, and the Arabic countries. Exploring the many ways civilizations developed and changed their mathematical systems, Ifrah imparts a unique insight into the nature of human thought–and into how our understanding of numbers and the ways they shape our lives have changed and grown over thousands of years. "Dazzling."–Kirkus Reviews "Sure to transfix readers."–PublishersWeekly
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ìàòåìàòèêà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 2000Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 656Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 17.08.2014Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Suli, As 522 541—542 Sulus script 539 Sumatar Harabesi 232 Sumatra 64 383 404 Sumer 101—102 135 Sumerians 77—91 see Sumerians, bullae 99 103—104 109—111 Sumerians, calculation 82—83 94 121—133 140—142 Sumerians, number system 9 77—95 99—100 109—120 122 139 142 147—148 325—326 349—350 Sumerians, Sumerian-Akkadian synthesis 137—138 142 148 Sumerians, writing 77—81 86—90 107 Sumerisches Lexikon 121 Sunni Islam 521 Superstition see "Mysticism" Suruppak 87—90 121—122 Surya Siddhanta 411 Susa 101—107 112—115 119—120 140 149 155 158—160 Susinak-sar-Ilani, King 159 Suter, H. 363—364 519 563 568 Swedish 33—35 Switzerland 31 65—66 195 205 Sylvester II see "d'Aurillac Gerbert" Symbolism 78 499—501 Synonyms 409—421 430—432 438 Syria 52 145 526 see Syria, Arabs 512 519 522—524 526—528 Syria, Hittites 180 Syria, India 376 513 Syria, writing 212—213 232 248 Syrian number system 227—228 246 Syrian number system, alphabetic numerals 238—243 329 Syrian number system, calculation 49 94 97—98 101 541—542 563 Syrian number system, Indian numerals 365—368 534 Syrian number system, Mari 142—146 Sznycer, M. 213 Tabasco 299 303 Tables, astronomical 146 157—159 198 521 527 Tables, mathematical 127—130 146 203—206 283—288 555—563 Tables, multiplication 154—156 220 561 578 Tablet, accounting 79—80 101—122 134 Tablet, Babylonian 134 138 140 147—148 159—160 Tablet, calculation 122—125 147—148 151 562—563 Tablet, clay 77—80 84—89 92—93 98—125 132—135 Tablet, Cretan 178—179 Tablet, Ebla tablets 135 145 Tablet, Heliastes 214 Tablet, Hittite 181 Tablet, proto-Elamite 102 105 Tablet, Sumerian 77—78 98 101—102 107 122 134 140 562—563 Tablet, Tablet of Fate 146 Tablet, wooden (abacus) 132—133 Tabriz, Ghazan Khan a 516 Tadjikistan 522 Tadmor 248 Tafel 190 Tagala writing 383 Tagalog numerals 385 Tahirid dynasty 521 Takari numerals 370—371 381 384 421 Talent (money) 182—183 200—203 Talismans 262 522 554 Tall-i-Malyan 101 Talleyrand 42 Tally sticks 11—12 16—18 62—67 191—197 Talmud 253 Tamanas 36 44 305 Tamil numerals 332 334—335 342 353 372—374 383 385 Tammam, Abu 522 Tangier 252 Tankri numerals 370—371 Tao Te Ching 70 Taoism 443 Tarasques 301 Tarih 250 Tarikh ul Hind 251 Tartaglia, N. 358 Tashfin, Yusuf Ben 525 Tashkoepruezada 528 Taton, R. 515—516 Tavernier, J.B. 50 Tawhidi 524 Tax collection 64—65 68 70 302—303 306 Tayasal 300 Taybugha 528 Taylor, C. 386—387 Taylor, J. 573 Tchen Yan-Sun 276 428 Tebrizi 527 Tel-Hariri excavation 142 Telinga numerals 373 Tell Qudeirat 236 238 Tello 101 Telugu numerals 373 383 385 421 438 Ten 35 Ten thousand, Aramaic 230 Ten thousand, Babylonian 140 145 Ten thousand, Chinese 263 265 Ten thousand, Greek 182 184 221—222 Ten thousand, Hebrew 137 Ten thousand, hieroglyphic 165 168 179—180 325 Ten thousand, Japanese 274—275 Ten thousand, Roman numerals 197—198 Ten Years in Sarawak 19 Ten, Chinese 263 269 Ten, decimal system 24—32 39—44 Ten, Greek 182 184 186 Ten, Hebrew 215 Ten, hieroglyphic 165 168 177—179 181 325 Ten, mysticism 43—44 161 Ten, powers of 426—429 440 594 Ten, Roman numerals 188 192 Ten, sexagesimal system 82—84 93—95 Ten, tally sticks 194 Tenochtitlan 301—303 306 Tepe Yahya 101—102 Ternary principle 89 139 166 227 Tertullian 47 Tetrabiblos 520 Tetuan 252 Texcoco, Lake 301 Thai numerals 375 383 385 392—393 438 Thebes 52 219 Theodoret 55 Theodosius 522 Theon of Alexandria 91 Theophanes 359 590 Theophilus of Edesse 513 521 Thera 219 Thespiae 183 Thibaut of Langres 257 Thibaut, G. 415 Thirty 93 161 215 Thirty-six thousand 84 Thompson, J.E. 312 316—317 320—321 Thot 169—170 176 Thousand 25 Thousand and One Nights 521 Thousand, Aramaic 230 Thousand, Chinese 168 263 265 269 Thousand, Greek 182 184 186 Thousand, hieroglyphic 165 168 178—179 181 325 Thousand, Japanese 274 Thousand, Mesopotamian 137—139 142 145 231 Thousand, Roman numerals 188—189 192 197—198 three 33 393 Three hundred 215 257 Three hundred and sixty five 257—258 Three thousand, six hundred 84 93 141—142 148 Three, base 40 Three, Chinese 269 Three, Egyptian 176 Three, Hebrew 215 Three, Indian 410 Three, many as 4 32 94 Three, ternary principle 9 89 Thureau — Dangin, F. 82 91—92 139 152 159 407 Thutmosis 166 Tiberius, Emperor 200 257 Tibet, counting 39 70—71 Tibet, number system 26—27 371 373 388 422 Tibet, writing 377 382 420 Tibetan numerals 371 385 392—393 395—396 Tijdschrift 406 Tikal 297 318—320 Time 17—19 28 49—50 68 298 311 Time and base 41 82 158 Timur 528 Tiriqan, King 81 Tirmidhi 522 Tizapan 301 Tlatelolco 302 Tod, N.M. 182—185 233 Tokens see "Abacus" "Calculi" "Currency" "Tally Tokharian language 32—35 Tokyo 274 276 289—290 Toledo 251 514 525 587 Toltecs 300 Toluca 36 Toomer, G.J. 519 531 topology 598 Torah 215 218 239 253—254 256 see Torkhede 401 Torres Straits 6 12 14 Trajan's column 588 Transcendental numbers 596—597 Triangles, spherical 527 Trigonometry 420 523 526—529 Trillion 427—428 Tripoli 528 Tropfke, J. 537 Truffaut, Francois 4 Tschudi, J.D. 69 Tughluq, Firaz Shah 527 Tula 301 Tulu numerals 383 385 Tumert, Ibn 525 Tunisia 520—521 523 555 Turkestan, Chinese, writing 382 385 420 Turkey 512 529 see Turkey, mysticism 248—251 553 Turkey, Russian abacus 290 Turkey, writing 180 248—250 Turkish, Ancient 27—29 Twelve, base see "Duodecimal system" Twenty 44 Twenty six 254 Twenty, base see "Vigesimal system" Twenty, Egyptian 177 Twenty, Japanese 274 Twenty, mysticism 93 161 248 Twenty, Semitic 215 228—229 two 33 393 Two hundred 215 Two, base see "Binary system" Two, Chinese 269 Two, Egyptian 176 Two, Hebrew 215 Two, Indian 409—410 Tyal tribe 73 Tylor, E.B. 5 Tyrol 195—196 Tzolkin, Mayan calendar 312 315 Uaxactun 320 Uayeb 314 Ugaritic people 39 137 145 214 244 Ulrichen 195 Umbrian alphabet 212 Umna 81 Unciae (Roman ounce) 210 United Kingdom, Chancellor of the Exchequer 590 see "Scots "Welsh" United States 92 428 Universal History (Jami'at tawarikh) 516 Untash Gal 102 Upasak 387 UR 81 87 90 135 Urartu 9 39 139 Urmia, Lake 240 Uruk 81—81 86 106 110 Uruk, clay tablets 77—78 98 101 150 152 Uruk, number system 92—93 101 159 Utu-Hegal, King 81 Uyghurs 28 Vajasaneyi Samhita 425 Vakyapanchadhyayi 414 Valabhi numerals 397—398 Vallat, F. 109 Value, concept of 72—76 Vandel, A. 367 Varahamihira 414—416 419 439 504 530 Varnasankhya numerals 388 Vatteluttu numerals 383 385 Veda, Mannen 294 Vedas 29 425 Vedda people 5 72 Venezuela 36 305 Ventris, Michael 179 Venus 297 311 315—316 Vera Cruz 302 Vercors 592 Vercoutter, Jacques 162 verse 431—432 436—437 Vervaeck, L. 365 Vida, Levi della 58 359 Vieta, Franciscus 597 Vietnam 272—273 383 407 see Vigesimal system 36—39 44 303—316 Vigesimal system, Aztec 306—308 Vigesimal system, Mayan 303—304 306—311 313 316 Vigesimal system, Sumer 82 Vigila 362 579 Vikrama 505 Vishmvamitra 421 Vishnu 50 444 Visperterminen 195 Vissiere, A. 279 Vitruvius 194 Vocabularium 207 Vogel, K. 365 519 531 533 Voizot, P. 356 von Gabain, A.M. 27 von Wartburg, W. 427 Vossius, I. 359 Vulgar fractions 595 Vyagramukha (Fighar) 529—530 Waeschke, H. 434 562 Wafa, Abu'l 514 Walapai 125 Wallis, John 91 361—362 597 Wang Shuhe 516 Waqqas, Muhammedal 252 Warka 103 Warka, Lady of 81 Wax calculating board 207—209 563 Weber 425 wedge 148—149 160 Weidler, J.F. 359 Weights and measures 183 239 Weights and measures, International Bureau of 43 Welsh 33—35 38 Wessely, J.E. 259
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