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Название: The World of Mathematics, Volume 2
Автор: Newman J.R.
Аннотация:
Volume 2 of a monumental 4-vol. set covers mathematics and the physical world, mathematics and social science, and the laws of chance, with non-technical essays by and about scores of eminent mathematicians, economists, scientists, and others. Individual articles on "Mathematics of Motion," by Galileo Galilei; "Mathematics of Heredity," by Gregor Mendel; "Mathematics of Population and Food," by Thomas Robert Malthus, and many more. Informative commentary by noted mathematics scholar James R. Newman precedes each essay. Numerous figures.
"Alcohol, Union of, with Water" (Mendeleeff)922 "Atom" (Maxwell)1035 "Atomic Numbers" (Moseley)842—350 "Causality and Wave Mechanics" (Schroedinger)1056—1068 "Chance" (Poincare)1380—1394 "Crystals and the Future of Physics"871—881 "Crystals and the Future of Physics" (Le Corbeiller)871—881 "Deacliy Quarrels, Statistics of" (Richardson)1254—1263 "Earth, Figure of the" (Carke and Helmert)792 fn. "East and West navigation"781 "Economic Behavior, Theory of" (Hurwlcz)1201 fn.12651267—1284 "Energy from and to Atmospheric Eddies" (Richardson)1238 "Fechner, Gustav Theodor" (Boring)1148—1166 "Games, Theory of" (Vajda)1285—1293 "Gases, Kinetic Theory of" (Bernoulli)774—777 "Gravitation, The New Law and the Old" (Eddington)1094—1104 "Gustav Theodor Fechner"1148—1166 "Heredity and the Quantum Theory" (Schroedinger)975—995 "Heredity, Mathematics of" (Mendel)937—949 "Induction, The Probabllity of" (Peirce)1341—1354 "Insect Eye, The Optics of the" (van der Horst)1027 fn. "Longitude Harrison"816 "Longitude, The" (Brown)78 19 "Magnitude" (Thompson)1001—1046 "Mathematics, Sociology Learns the Language of (Kaplan)1294—1313 "Mathemaucal Creation" (Polncare)1377 "Men, Cassification According to Their Natural Gifts" (Galton)1173—1188 "Mendeleeff" (Jaffe)919—931 "Natural Selection, Mathematics of" (Haldane)958—972 "Nature. The Constants of" (Eddington)1074—1093 "Navigation" (Martin)780 fn. "Plant-Hybridization, Experiments in" (Mendel)932 "Plateau's Problem" (Courant and Robbins)901—909 "Powder of sympathy"799802 "Probability, Application to Conduct" (Keynes)1360—1373 "Probability, Concerning" (Laplace)1325—1333 "Probability, The Meaning of" (Nagel)1398—1414 "Red and Black" (Peirce)1334—1340 "Relativity without Paradox" (Turner)1105 fn. "Relativity, The Theory of" (Durell)1107—1143 "Roentgen Rays, The" (Bragg)854—870 "Saving the phenomena"727 "Size, On Being the Right" (Haldane)952—957 "Soap Film Experiments with Minimal Surfaces" (Courant)884 fn. "Soap-bubble, The" (Boys)891—900 "Time, Measurement of"784 fn. "Tyndall's blue"1028 "Uncertainty Principle, The" (Heisenberg)1051—1055 "Value and Demand, Mathematics of" (Cournot)1203—1216 "Variations? What is Calculus of" (Menger)886—890 "War and Foreign Politics, Mathematics of" (Richardson)1240—1253 "War the Offspring of Fear" (Russell)123812441253 "Wealth, Mathematics of," (Malthus)1192—1199 ''Tides, Theory of the" (Airy)1219 Abetti, Giorgio, Astronomy, The History of820 fn. Absolute magnitude1003 Absolute motion1115—1116 Acceleration: cause738 Acceleration: dynamics729 Action, magnitude of "oughtness"1367 Action-Invariants1083 Adam, N.K.1041 Adams, John Couch: commentary on820—821 Adams, John Couch: Inverse perturbations824 Adams, John Couch: Neptune, discovery of820—841852—353 Adams, John Couch: Uranus, disturbing planet833834 Adams, John Couch: Uranus, Irregular motion824—825826831837 Adams, John Couch: Uranus, radius vector829—830 Adjustment, method of1165 Aerodynamics (Lanchester)1019 fn. Aeroplanessee airplanes Aesthetik, Vorschule der (Fechner)1155 Agricola, Georglus, De Re Metalllca923 Air pumps854 Air resistance: body shape886887 Air resistance: effect on speed763 Air resistance: falling bodies761762 Air resistance: pendulum977 Air resistance: proportional to surface953 Air resistance: streamline form890 Airplanes: beetle pattern1020 fn. Airplanes: gilding night10231024 Airplanes: size and speed, relation1019—1020 Airy, Sir George820 Airy, Sir George "Tides, Theory of the"1219 Airy, Sir George gravitation, law of827—828829 Airy, Sir George Neptune, discovery835838 Airy, Sir George new planet, search for831—332 Airy, Sir George Uranus, error of longitude825826828—829 Airy, Sir George Uranus, error of radius vector828829830831 Albert of Saxony728 Alderson, Sir E.1178 Alemben, Jean Le Rond d': probability132913671371—1372 Alemben, Jean Le Rond d': quoted1371—1372 Alexander II (czar of Russia)928929 Alexander VI, Pope781 Algebra, boolean1307 Algebraic relations between two worlds1134 Altruistic conduct, biological disadvantages970—971 Amans, P.1020 fn. Anagram, priority of Invention, establishing805 Analysis, unknown functions1211—1212 Angstroem975 fn. Animals: ganglion cell variation1033—1034 Animals: heat, retaining955 Animals: leaping power1013—1015 Animals: size952—9561025—1026 Animals: skeletal efficiency1007 Animals: tall land953 Animals: temperature1010—10111012 Anthony, R.1029 fn. Anti-Semitism: poll1304—1305 Antimony, discovery923 Apollonlus of Perga, parabola755756 Arago, Francois: Neptune, discovery835838—839 Arago, Francois: Uranus, theory of831 Archimedes: parabola, quadrature760—761 Archimedes: Platonic philosopher731 fn. Archimedes: surface area1001 Architecture, bee10381038 Arguments, weights of1365 Aristotle: falling bodies729 Aristotle: motion, laws of727729 Aristotle: probability1403 Arithmetic, Political (Buffon)1333 Arithmetica Infinitorum (Wallis)1039 fn. Armamellts Expenditures of the World (Jacobsson)1245 III. Arms race1246 Arms race, quantitative theory1245—1252 Arms race, symmetrical schismogenesis1243—1244 Arrangement of Nature, relative probability1350 Arrest, Heinrich Ludwig d'834 Arrow, Kenneth, Social ChoIce and Individual Values1312 Arrow, night1020 Ars Conjectandi (Bernoulli)1365 fn.1366 Aston, Francis William, Integral atomic weights841 Astrolabe778 fn. Astronomers, Great (Ball)1316 Astronomy, The History of (Abetti)820 fn. Astronomy: exact science1218 Astronomy: mean sun1208 Atomic laws876 Atomic numbers, elements, high frequency spectra842—850 Atomic pattern, quantum jump973973 Atomic Weights of the Elements, on the Relation of the Properties to the (Mendeleff)926 Atomic weights: analogous elements915 Atomic weights: chemical elements910911913 Atomic weights: dissimilar elements914 Atomic weights: numerical value914 Atomic weights: regularities910
Atoms: crystal, unit861 Atoms: Internal structure842 Atoms: molecule973978980985 Atoms: quantum theory879 Attitudes, scalable1304 Augustine to Galileo (Crombie)726 fn.729 Automorphic functions1377 Auxiliary spring, timekeeper807 fn. Auzout, Adrian787788791 Aviation, Stability in (Bryan)1019 fn. Avogadro, Amedeo914922 Avoidance, effect of threats1242 Axis (co-ordinate), contraction ratio1111 Babak, E.1029 fn. Bacon, Francis999 Bacon, Francis, quoted731937 Bacteria, molecular bombardment1045—1046 Bagehot, Walter, quoted1360 Bailly, Jean1323 Bain, Alexander114611481149 Baku, oil fields929 Balancing reasons13451346 Ball, Robert S., Great Astronomers1316 Barkla, Charles G.846857 Barlow, Peter, space groups878 Barr, A., bridge-building1004 fn. Bateson, Gregory12431245 Bayes' theorem1412 Beccarla, Cesare1201 Bees: altruistic behavior970 Bees: architecture10381038 Behavior, mathematical study of1296 Beilstein, Friedrich Konrad931 Bell — Magendie law1149 Bell, Clive1356 Bell, Eric Temple: Laplace's plagiarism1321 fn. Bell, Eric Temple: Poincare1374 Bell, Eric Temple: quoted774 Bell, Sir Charles10251146 Belloc, Hilaire, quoted1051 Bending moments1005—10061014 Benedict, Ruth. Patterns of Culture1239 fn. Bentham, Jeremy, quoted1221 Berezowski, A.1034fn. Bergmann's Law1012 Bergmann, Carl1011 Bernard, Claude, quoted854 Bernoulli brothers. cycloid curve88 87 Bernoulli family: commentary of771—773 Bernoulli family: genealogical table771 Bernoulli, Jacob (James): Ars Confectandi13571365fn.136613731408 Bernoulli, Jacob (James): path of quickest descent883 Bernoulli, John, De Motu Mwculorum1013 fn. Bernoulli: increment, importance1369 Bernoulli: Petersburg Paradox1368—136913701371 Bernoulli: probabilities. theory of11561157 Bernstein, irradiation theory1154 Bertholf, L.M.1028 fn. Berthollet, Count de1324 Bertrand, Joseph12671368 Bertrand, Joseph: Calcul des probabilitis1380 Bertrand, Joseph: chance, laws of1381 Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm820 Bilateral monopoly, theory of12721281 Binary digit1307 Biologist: socialism, problem of956 Biology: mathematical1299 Biology: similitude, principle of1004 Biot, Jean Baptiste8371324 Birds. The Flight of (Headley)1019 fn. Birds: air currents, use of1023—1024 Birds: flying, size relation955 Birds: night speed1017—101910201021—1022 Birds: optical colors1028 Birds: relative proportions1022 fn. Birkhoff, George David, minimax problems889 Bishop, John1016 fn. Bismuth, discovery923 Bit, binary digit1307 Bjerknes, Vilhelm1032 Black and white, ratio1327—1328 Black, Joseph1322 Blacker, C.P., Eugenics, Galton and After1169fn. Blaeu, Willem, longitude inventions782 Bliss, G.A.889 Blood transfusion, Cassini's experiments790 Blundeville, Thomas803 Bode's law825 Body size, upper and lower limitations1036 Body, moving down inclined plane729740—742746—747 Boehm — Bawerk, Eugen, Interval of indeterminacy12811283 Bohr, Niels: complementarity10491053—1055 Bohr, Niels: spectral lines1064 Boltzmann constant979 fn.994 Bolzano, Bernhard, probability1396 Bonner, John Tyler996 fn. Boredom, coefficient of1169 Borelli's law1013 Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso1012101310221023 Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso, quoted891. Boring, Edwin Garrigues: biography1147 Boring, Edwin Garrigues: Experimental Psychology, A History of11471171 Bourdelin, Claude786 Bouvard. Alexis: Uranus. positions823831 Boveri, Theodor10341035fn. Bowdi'ch, Nathaniel1321 Boycott, A.E.1036 fn. Boyle's law880 Boys, C.Vernon: "Soap-bubble, The"891—900 Boys, C.Vernon: earth, weighing884884 Boys, C.Vernon: quoted886 Boys, C.Vernon: Soap Bubbles: Their Colours and the Forces Which Mould Them884 fn. Bradley. James809814823 Bragg, William Henry: "Roentgen Rays"854—870 Bragg, William Henry: commentary on851—853 Bragg, William Henry: Light, The Universe of852 Bragg, William Henry: Physical Sciences, The1048 fn. Bragg, William Henry: uncertainty principle1048 Bragg, William Henry: X-rays and crystals842852 Bragg, William Lawrence842845 Bragg, William Lawrence, Crystalline State, The851 fn. Brahe, Tycho, astronomy, observational labors728 Brahe, Tycho, planetary motion1204 Brahe, Tycho, telescope792 Brain, weight related to body weight956 Bramante, Donato1005 fn. Brandt, Hennig, phosphorus923 Breeder, C.M.1024fn. Breton, Elle Ie1011 fn.1032 Bridgeman, P.W., Dimensional Analysis1004fn. Broglie, Louis Victor de974 Brown, Lloyd A.: "Longitude, The"780—819 Brown, Lloyd A.: Cassini, Jean Domenique795fn. Brown, Lloyd A.: Maps, The Story of778 fn.779 Brown, Robert10431044 Browne, Sir Thomas, quoted871 Brownian movement1043—104510461392 Browniee, J.1045 fn. Bryan, G.H.1019 fn. Buffon, Georges L.L.: Political Arithmetic1333 Buffon, Georges L.L.: probability13331372 Buffon, Georges L.L.: quoted1369 Buller, A.H.R.1042 fn. Bunsen, R.W., spectroscope919922 Buot, Jacques787 Buridan, Jean, impetus, theory of727728 Burke, Edmund, quoted1217 Burnet, Thomas, quoted785 Butler, Bishop, quoted1360136213621398 Butler, Dr. George1178
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