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Íàçâàíèå: Microelectronic circuits
Àâòîðû: Sedra A.S., Smith K.C.
Àííîòàöèÿ:
The book starts with an introduction to the basic concepts of electronics in Chapter 1. Signals, their frequency spectra, and their analog and digital forms are presented. Amplifiers are introduced as circuit building blocks and their various types and models are studied. The basic element of digital electronics, the digital logic inverter, is defined in terms of its voltage-transfer characteristic, and its various implementations using voltage and current switches are discussed. This chapter also establishes some of the terminology and conventions used throughout the text.
The next four chapters are devoted to the study of electronic devices and basic circuits and constitute the bulk of Part I of the text. Chapter 2 deals with operational amplifiers, their terminal characteristics, simple applications, and limitations. We have chosen to discuss the op amp as a circuit building block at this early stage simply because it is easy to deal with and because the student can experiment with op-amp circuits that perform nontrivial tasks with relative ease and with a sense of accomplishment. We have found this approach to be highly motivating to the student. We should point out. however, that pan or all of this chapter can be skipped and studied at a later stage (for instance in conjunction with Chapter 7, Chapter 8, and/or Chapter 9) with no loss of continuity.
MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, termination resistance315 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, transmission lines315 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, unilateral amplifiers301 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, unity-gain current amplifiers315 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), small-signal operations287—299368—370 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), small-signal operations, backgates296 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), small-signal operations, body effect models296—297 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), small-signal operations, body transconductance296—297 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), small-signal operations, conditions288 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), small-signal operations, dc analyses-signal analyses separations290 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), small-signal operations, dc bias points287 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), small-signal operations, drain terminals288—289 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), small-signal operations, hybrid- models296298 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), small-signal operations, nonlinear distortion288 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), small-signal operations, overviews and summaries287297—299 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), small-signal operations, problems368—370 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), small-signal operations, small-signal equivalent-circuit models290—292 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), small-signal operations, T equivalent circuit models295—296 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), small-signal operations, transconductances288292—297 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), small-signal operations, voltage gains289—290 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), SPICE simulations351—359 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), square law models351 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), structures236—238360 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), structures, bodies236—237 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), structures, drain regions236 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), structures, gate electrodes236—237 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), structures, overviews236—238 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), structures, pn junctions238 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), structures, problems360 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), structures, sources236 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), switches270—280366—367 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), switches, CS circuits271—272 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), switches, dc biasing271 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), switches, grounded source circuits271—272 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), switches, instantaneous operating points278 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), switches, large signal operations271—273 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), switches, linear amplifiers274—275 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), switches, load lines273 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), switches, load resistors273 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), switches, overviews and summaries270—271 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), switches, problems366—367 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), switches, quiescent points274—275 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), switches, switch operations274—275 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), switches, transconductance amplifiers271 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), switches, transfer characteristics271—279 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), switches, VTCs272—273 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), VLSIsA7—A8 MSBs (most significant bits)12925—926 Multiple amplifier poles843—845 Multiple tuned circuits1145—1146 Multipliers4965811246—1249 Multipliers, multipliers biasing1246—1249 Multipliers, Miller multipliers496581 Multistage amplifiers749—789 Multistage amplifiers, bipolar op amps758—766 Multistage amplifiers, differential in/differential out758 Multistage amplifiers, overviews and summaries749 Multistage amplifiers, problems786—789 Multistage amplifiers, two-stage CMOS op amps749—757 Multivibrators1021—102910871185—11961223—1224 Multivibrators, astable multivibrators1192—1196 Multivibrators, bistable multivibrators1185—11921223—1224 Multivibrators, monostable multivibrators1196—11981225 Multivibrators, overviews and summaries1021—10281078 Multivibrators, problems1078 Multivibrators, quasi-stable multivibrators1021—1022 n-channel MOSFETs238248—249 n-type doped semiconductors194—195 n-type silicon208 n-well CMOS processesA5—A7 NAND (not AND) gates, two-input966—967 Narrow band approximations1149 Natural devices, PTL circuits988 Natural modes10881106—1107E2 Negative (degenerative) feedback properties68—69795—798860—861 Netlists49 networks963—9691166C1—C5E2 Networks, frequency selective networks1166 Networks, order of the networkE2 Networks, PDNs963—966968—969 Networks, PUNs963—966968—969 Networks, theoremsC1—C6see Networks, theorems, Norton's theoremC1—C3 Networks, theorems, overviews and summariesC1 Networks, theorems, problemsC5—C6 Networks, theorems, source-absorption theoremC3—C5 Networks, theorems, Thevenin's theoremC1—C2 Neutralizing effects, tuned amplifiers1146 NMOS logic circuits238—248950—951963—966 NMOS logic circuits, overviews and summaries of950—951 NMOS logic circuits, pseudo-NMOS logic circuitssee "Pseudo-NMOS logic circuits" NMOS logic circuits, PTL circuits984—988 NMOS logic circuits, transistors238—248963—988 NMOS logic circuits, transistors, overviews and summaries238—243247—248 NMOS logic circuits, transistors, pull-down transistors963—966 NMOS logic circuits, transistors, transistor switches984—988 Noise42—43796—797952—953993—994 Noise, margins42—43952—953993—994 Noise, reductions796—797 Noise, signal-to-noise ratios796—797 Nonideal characteristics and effects720—727781—782993—996 Noninverted characteristics77—79129—1331188—1189 Nonlinear amplification methods1205—1206 Nonlinear amplitude controls1168—1169 Nonlinear distortions288797—798 Nonlinear macromodels119—122 Nonlinear transfer characteristics19—22 Nonlinear waveform-shaping circuits1203—12061225—1227 Nonunilateral amplifiers301461 NOR (not OR) gates, two-input966 Norton's theoremC1—C3 Notch frequencies11021110—1111 NPN transistors392 Number systems, binary11 Nyquist plots835—836 offsets98102—105720—739 Offsets, currents725—726 Offsets, input offset currents102—105 Offsets, input offset voltage98720—735738—739 Ohm's law51 Ohmic contacts210 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits871—947see Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits893—899905—922942—946 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, bias circuits893—895 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, dc analyses893—899 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, dc collector currents904 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, device parameters898 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, frequency responses917—922 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, gain917—922 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, input bias currents902 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, input common-mode ranges902 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, input offset voltage902 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, input stages895899—901 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, input state bias899—901 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, negative feedback loops901 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, offset currents902 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, output stage bias903—904 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, output stages896—897903—904 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, overviews and summaries893 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, problems893—899942—946 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, reference bias currents899 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, second stage bias902—903 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, second stages895—896902—903 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, short circuit protections895 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, slew rates917—922 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, small-signal analyses905—917 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, 741 circuits, small-signal gain917—918 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits922—929946—947 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits, ADCs929—934 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits, analog signal sampling922—923
Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits, charge-redistribution converters932—934 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits, DACs925—929 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits, digital signal processing922 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits, dual-slope converters930—932 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits, filtering algorithms922 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits, LSBs925—926 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits, MSBs925—926 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits, overviews and summaries922—925 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits, parallel (flash) converters932 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits, problems922—929946—947 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits, R-2R ladders926—928 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits, S/H circuits923 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits, signal quantization924 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, data converter circuits, switches928—929 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, folded cascade CMOS op amps883—893941—942 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, folded cascade CMOS op amps, circuits883—885 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, folded cascade CMOS op amps, input common-mode range885—886890—893 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, folded cascade CMOS op amps, output voltage swings885—886 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, folded cascade CMOS op amps, overviews and summaries883 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, folded cascade CMOS op amps, problems883—893941—942 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, folded cascade CMOS op amps, rail-to-rail operations890—892 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, folded cascade CMOS op amps, slew rates888—890 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, folded cascade CMOS op amps, voltage gain886—888 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, folded cascade CMOS op amps, wide-swing current mirrors892—893 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, overviews and summaries871—872940—941 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, problems941—947 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, SPICE simulations934—940 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, two-stage CMOS op amps872—883941 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, two-stage CMOS op amps, circuits872—873 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, two-stage CMOS op amps, frequency responses876—877 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, two-stage CMOS op amps, input common mode ranges873—874 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, two-stage CMOS op amps, output swing873—874 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, two-stage CMOS op amps, overviews and summaries872 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, two-stage CMOS op amps, problems 941 slew rates879—883 Op amp (operational amplifier) and data converter circuits, two-stage CMOS op amps, voltage gain874—876 Op amps (operational amplifiers)63—138 Op amps (operational amplifiers), bandwidth effects89—94134—135 Op amps (operational amplifiers), bipolar758—766 Op amps (operational amplifiers), circuits (op amps and data converters)871—947see Op amps (operational amplifiers), dc imperfections98—105135—136 Op amps (operational amplifiers), dc imperfections, input bias currents102—105 Op amps (operational amplifiers), dc imperfections, input offset currents102—105 Op amps (operational amplifiers), dc imperfections, input offset voltage98 Op amps (operational amplifiers), dc imperfections, offset voltage98—102 Op amps (operational amplifiers), dc imperfections, problems135—136 Op amps (operational amplifiers), finite open loop gain effects89—94134—135 Op amps (operational amplifiers), finite open loop gain effects, closed-loop amplifiers91—94 Op amps (operational amplifiers), finite open loop gain effects, dominant poles91 Op amps (operational amplifiers), finite open loop gain effects, frequency compensations90—91 Op amps (operational amplifiers), finite open loop gain effects, frequency dependences89—91 Op amps (operational amplifiers), finite open loop gain effects, frequency responses91—94 Op amps (operational amplifiers), finite open loop gain effects, GB products91—93 Op amps (operational amplifiers), finite open loop gain effects, internally-compensated op amps91 Op amps (operational amplifiers), finite open loop gain effects, overviews and summaries89 Op amps (operational amplifiers), finite open loop gain effects, problems134—135 Op amps (operational amplifiers), finite open loop gain effects, single-pole models91 Op amps (operational amplifiers), finite open loop gain effects, unity-gain bandwidth91 Op amps (operational amplifiers), ideal63—68123—124 Op amps (operational amplifiers), ideal, characteristics66 Op amps (operational amplifiers), ideal, common-mode rejections65 Op amps (operational amplifiers), ideal, common-mode signals67—68 Op amps (operational amplifiers), ideal, dc amplifiers66 Op amps (operational amplifiers), ideal, differential gain66 Op amps (operational amplifiers), ideal, differential input single ended output amplifiers65—66 Op amps (operational amplifiers), ideal, differential signals67—68 Op amps (operational amplifiers), ideal, infinite bandwidth66 Op amps (operational amplifiers), ideal, infinite open loop gain66 Op amps (operational amplifiers), ideal, input impedances65—66 Op amps (operational amplifiers), ideal, inverted input terminals65 Op amps (operational amplifiers), ideal, output impedances65—66 Op amps (operational amplifiers), ideal, problems123—124 Op amps (operational amplifiers), integrators and differentiators105—113136—138 Op amps (operational amplifiers), integrators and differentiators, differentiators112—114 Op amps (operational amplifiers), integrators and differentiators, frequencies108 Op amps (operational amplifiers), integrators and differentiators, impedances105—107 Op amps (operational amplifiers), integrators and differentiators, inverted integrators105—112 Op amps (operational amplifiers), integrators and differentiators, Miller integrators107—112 Op amps (operational amplifiers), integrators and differentiators, overviews and summaries105 Op amps (operational amplifiers), integrators and differentiators, problems136—138 Op amps (operational amplifiers), integrators and differentiators, time constants107113 Op amps (operational amplifiers), inverted configurations68—77124—128 Op amps (operational amplifiers), inverted configurations, closed-loop gain69—71 Op amps (operational amplifiers), inverted configurations, negative feedback68—69 Op amps (operational amplifiers), inverted configurations, open-loop gain71—72 Op amps (operational amplifiers), inverted configurations, overviews and summaries68—69 Op amps (operational amplifiers), inverted configurations, positive feedback68—69 Op amps (operational amplifiers), inverted configurations, problems124—128 Op amps (operational amplifiers), inverted configurations, resistances, input vs. output72—75 Op amps (operational amplifiers), inverted configurations, virtual grounds69—70 Op amps (operational amplifiers), inverted configurations, virtual short circuits69 Op amps (operational amplifiers), inverted configurations, weighted summer circuits75—77 Op amps (operational amplifiers), large signal operations94—98135 Op amps (operational amplifiers), large signal operations, full power bandwidth97—98 Op amps (operational amplifiers), large signal operations, output current limits94—95 Op amps (operational amplifiers), large signal operations, output voltage saturations94 Op amps (operational amplifiers), large signal operations, overviews and summaries94 Op amps (operational amplifiers), large signal operations, problems135 Op amps (operational amplifiers), large signal operations, rated output voltage94 Op amps (operational amplifiers), large signal operations, SRs95—97 Op amps (operational amplifiers), noninverted configurations77—89129—133 Op amps (operational amplifiers), noninverted configurations, characteristics78 Op amps (operational amplifiers), noninverted configurations, closed-loop gain77—78 Op amps (operational amplifiers), noninverted configurations, CMRR81—82 Op amps (operational amplifiers), noninverted configurations, degenerative feedback78 Op amps (operational amplifiers), noninverted configurations, difference amplifiers81—89131—133 Op amps (operational amplifiers), noninverted configurations, differential amplifiers81 Op amps (operational amplifiers), noninverted configurations, differential input resistance84—85 Op amps (operational amplifiers), noninverted configurations, instrumentation amplifiers85—89 Op amps (operational amplifiers), noninverted configurations, open-loop gain78—79 Op amps (operational amplifiers), noninverted configurations, overviews and summaries77 Op amps (operational amplifiers), noninverted configurations, problems129—133 Op amps (operational amplifiers), noninverted configurations, single difference amplifiers81—86 Op amps (operational amplifiers), noninverted configurations, unity gain amplifiers79—80 Op amps (operational amplifiers), noninverted configurations, voltage followers79—80 Op amps (operational amplifiers), op amp-RC oscillator circuits1171—11791220—1222 Op amps (operational amplifiers), op amp-RD resonators1114 Op amps (operational amplifiers), overviews and summaries63—64122—123 Op amps (operational amplifiers), problems123—138 Op amps (operational amplifiers), SPICE simulations114—122 Op amps (operational amplifiers), SPICE simulations, linear macromodels115—119 Op amps (operational amplifiers), SPICE simulations, macromodels114—122 Op amps (operational amplifiers), SPICE simulations, nonlinear macromodels119—122 Op amps (operational amplifiers), SPICE simulations, overviews114—115 Op amps (operational amplifiers), two-stage CMOS op amps749—757 Open circuits24196—199575—578 open loops71—7289—94134—135834 Open loops, gain71—7289—94134—135 Open loops, transfer functions834 Operations, BiCMOS operations1069—1070 Operations, BJTs operations378—392443—460517—518530—533 Operations, class B output stage operations1236 Operations, diode operations190—209 Operations, inverter operations956—961 Operations, large-signal operations707—709 Operations, MOSFET operations236238—248360 Operations, operating points154 Operations, pseudo-NMOS operations979 Operations, push pull operations1236 Operations, rail-to-rail operations890—892 Operations, single supply operations1240—1241 Operations, small-signal operations443—460530—533 Optoelectronics210 Optoisolators211 OR logic functions145 Order of the networkE2 oscillators835 Oscillators, active filter tuned oscillators1177—11791217—1219 Oscillators, Colpitts oscillators1179—1180 Oscillators, Hartley oscillators1179—1180 Oscillators, LC and crystal oscillators1177—11851222—1223
models 
multipliers biasing 
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