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Íàçâàíèå: Microelectronic circuits
Àâòîðû: Sedra A.S., Smith K.C.
Àííîòàöèÿ:
The book starts with an introduction to the basic concepts of electronics in Chapter 1. Signals, their frequency spectra, and their analog and digital forms are presented. Amplifiers are introduced as circuit building blocks and their various types and models are studied. The basic element of digital electronics, the digital logic inverter, is defined in terms of its voltage-transfer characteristic, and its various implementations using voltage and current switches are discussed. This chapter also establishes some of the terminology and conventions used throughout the text.
The next four chapters are devoted to the study of electronic devices and basic circuits and constitute the bulk of Part I of the text. Chapter 2 deals with operational amplifiers, their terminal characteristics, simple applications, and limitations. We have chosen to discuss the op amp as a circuit building block at this early stage simply because it is easy to deal with and because the student can experiment with op-amp circuits that perform nontrivial tasks with relative ease and with a sense of accomplishment. We have found this approach to be highly motivating to the student. We should point out. however, that pan or all of this chapter can be skipped and studied at a later stage (for instance in conjunction with Chapter 7, Chapter 8, and/or Chapter 9) with no loss of continuity.
Loads, lines154273 Loads, regulations169 Loads, resistors273 LOCOS (local oxidation)A7 Logic circuit families, BiCMOS circuits952 Logic circuit families, bipolar circuits951—952 Logic circuit families, bipolar circuits, ECL circuits951—952 Logic circuit families, bipolar circuits, TTL circuits951—952 Logic circuit families, CMOS circuits950—951 Logic circuit families, GaAs circuits952 Logic circuit families, NMOS circuits950—951 Logic circuit families, overviews and summaries950 Logic circuit families, pseudo-NMOS circuits950—951 Logic functions145969—970 Logic functions, AND145 Logic functions, NAND966—967 Logic functions, NOR966 Logic functions, OR145 Logic functions, XOR969—970 Logic gatessee "Gates" Loops and looping, closed loops69—7191—94834 Loops and looping, closed loops, amplifiers91—94 Loops and looping, closed loops, gain69—71 Loops and looping, closed loops, transfer functions834 Loops and looping, feedback loops1126—11331166—11671185—1186 Loops and looping, feedback loops, equivalents1130—1133 Loops and looping, feedback loops, overviews and summaries1126—11271166—11671185—1186 Loops and looping, feedback loops, positive1166 Loops and looping, gain89—94134—135793831—834868—869 Loops and looping, open loops71—7489—94134—135834 Loops and looping, open loops, finite open-loop gain89—94134—135 Loops and looping, open loops, gain71—72 Loops and looping, open loops, infinite open-loop gain66 Loops and looping, open loops, transfer functions834 Loops and looping, transmissions832 Loops and looping, two-integrator-loop technologies1120—1125 Losses, inductor1143—1144 Low frequencies326497—503 Low frequencies, bands326 Low frequencies, responses497—503 LP (low pass)3911081149—1150D6—D8 LP (low pass), amplifiers39 LP (low pass), circuitsD6—D8 LP (low pass), functions1108 LP (low pass), LP-to-BP transformations1149—1150 LSBs (least significant bits)12925—926 Macromodels115—122 Macromodels, linear macromodels115—119 Macromodels, nonlinear macromodels119—122 Magnitude (amplitude response)32 Main memory1028 Margins, noise42—43952—953993—994 Mask programmable ROMs1049 Maximal flatness1148—1149 Mean transit times207 Memory and advanced digital circuits1013—1082 Memory and advanced digital circuits, BiCMOS circuits1067—10761082 Memory and advanced digital circuits, BiCMOS circuits, dynamic operations1069—1070 Memory and advanced digital circuits, BiCMOS circuits, inverters1067—1069 Memory and advanced digital circuits, BiCMOS circuits, logic gates1070—1071 Memory and advanced digital circuits, BiCMOS circuits, overviews and summaries1067 Memory and advanced digital circuits, BiCMOS circuits, problems1082 Memory and advanced digital circuits, combinational vs. sequential circuits1013—1014 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ECL1052—10671081—1082 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ECL, families1053 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ECL, fan-outs1061—1062 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ECL, gate circuits1053—10571071—1076 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ECL, operation speeds1062—1063 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ECL, overviews and summaries1052—10531066—1067 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ECL, power dissipation1062 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ECL, problems1052—10671081—1082 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ECL, ringing1062 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ECL, signal transmission1062—1063 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ECL, thermal effects1062—1066 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ECL, VTCs1057—1061 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ECL, wired OR capabilities1066 Memory and advanced digital circuits, latches and flip-flops1014—10211077—1078 Memory and advanced digital circuits, latches and flip-flops, clocked SR flip-flops1019—1021 Memory and advanced digital circuits, latches and flip-flops, CMOS implementations1016—1021 Memory and advanced digital circuits, latches and flip-flops, latches1014—1016 Memory and advanced digital circuits, latches and flip-flops, overviews and summaries1014 Memory and advanced digital circuits, latches and flip-flops, problems1077—1078 Memory and advanced digital circuits, latches and flip-flops, SR flip-flops1016—1021 Memory and advanced digital circuits, memory elements1188 Memory and advanced digital circuits, multivibrator circuits1021—10281078 Memory and advanced digital circuits, multivibrator circuits, astable circuits10221026—1027 Memory and advanced digital circuits, multivibrator circuits, CMOS monostable circuits1022—1026 Memory and advanced digital circuits, multivibrator circuits, monostable multivibrators1021—1023 Memory and advanced digital circuits, multivibrator circuits, overviews and summaries1021 Memory and advanced digital circuits, multivibrator circuits, problems1078 Memory and advanced digital circuits, multivibrator circuits, quasi-stable multivibrators1021—1022 Memory and advanced digital circuits, multivibrator circuits, ring oscillators1027 Memory and advanced digital circuits, overviews and summaries1013—10141076—1077 Memory and advanced digital circuits, problems1077—1082 Memory and advanced digital circuits, RAMs10281031—10381079 Memory and advanced digital circuits, RAMs, DRAMs10311036—1038 Memory and advanced digital circuits, RAMs, overviews and summaries1031 Memory and advanced digital circuits, RAMs, problems1079 Memory and advanced digital circuits, RAMs, SRAMs1031—1036 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ROMs10281046—10521080 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ROMs, EEPROMs1051 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ROMs, EPROMs1046—1051 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ROMs, mask programmable ROMs1049 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ROMs, MOS ROMs1047—1048 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ROMs, overviews and summaries1046—1047 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ROMs, problems1080 Memory and advanced digital circuits, ROMs, PROMs1046—1051 Memory and advanced digital circuits, sense amplifier and address decoders1038—10461080 Memory and advanced digital circuits, sense amplifier and address decoders, column address decoder1045—1046 Memory and advanced digital circuits, sense amplifier and address decoders, overviews and summaries1038 Memory and advanced digital circuits, sense amplifier and address decoders, problems1080 Memory and advanced digital circuits, sense amplifier and address decoders, row address decoders1043—1045 Memory and advanced digital circuits, sense amplifier and address decoders, sense amplifiers1038—1043 Memory and advanced digital circuits, SPICE simulations1071—1076 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures1028—10311078—1079 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, bit lines1029 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, column decoders1030 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, digit lines1029 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, drivers1030 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, main memory1028 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, mass storage memory1028 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, memory access times1030 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, memory cells1029 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, memory chip organization1028—1030 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, memory chip timing1030 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, memory cycle times1030 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, memory elements1181 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, overviews and summaries1028 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, problems1078—1079 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, row decoders1029—1030 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, selection processes1029 Memory and advanced digital circuits, types and architectures, word lines1029 MetallizationA4 Metastable states (unequal equilibrium)1185—1186 Microcomputers vs. microprocessors5 Microelectronics5 Midbands326 Miller compensations852—855 Miller effects496581 Miller integrators107—112 Miller's theorem578—582589—590 Miller-multipliers496581 Minority carriers209 Mirrors649—656892—893 Mirrors, bipolar mirrors650—651 Mirrors, cascode MOS mirrors649—653 Mirrors, current mirrors563—565649—656 Mirrors, wide-swing current mirrors892—893 Mirrors, Wilson mirrors651—653 Mirrors, Wilson mirrors, current mirrors651—652
Mirrors, Wilson mirrors, MOS mirrors652—653 Mobility194208 Models, battery-plus-resistance models156—157166 Models, BJT models443—460 Models, body effect models296—297 Models, circuit models23—31 Models, constant-voltage-drop models157—158166 Models, EM models387—390 Models, equivalent circuit models295—296 Models, exponential models153—155 Models, Gummel-Poom models509—510 Models, high-frequency models320—326372485—491 Models, hybrid- models296—298448—449487 Models, ideal-diode models158—159166 Models, large circuit-equivalent circuit models251 Models, linear models115—119155—157166 Models, linear models, macromodels115—119 Models, linear models, piecewise155—157166 Models, macromodels115—122 Models, macromodels, linear macromodels115—119 Models, macromodels, nonlinear macromodels119—122 Models, MOSFET models287—299998—1001 Models, nonlinear macromodels119—122 Models, piecewise linear models155—157166 Models, single pole models91 Models, small-signal models159—163166 Models, SPICE simulationssee "SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) simulations" Models, square law models351 Models, T models295—296449—450 Models, unilateral models28—29 Models, zener diode models167—169213 Modulations, channel lengths253 Monostable CMOS (complementary MOS) circuits1022—1026 Monostable multivibrators1196—11981225 MOS (metal oxide semiconductors), cascode549—650 MOS (metal oxide semiconductors), CMOS logic circuitssee "CMOS (complementary MOS) logic circuits" MOS (metal oxide semiconductors), differential pairs688—704775—776 MOS (metal oxide semiconductors), mirrors649—650 MOS (metal oxide semiconductors), MOSFETs235—376see MOS (metal oxide semiconductors), power transistors1266—12711282—1283 MOS (metal oxide semiconductors), ROMs1047—1048 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors)235—376 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), bias and biasing280—287367—368 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), bias and biasing, fixing281—284 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), bias and biasing, fixing280—281 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), bias and biasing, constant-current sources285—286 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), bias and biasing, degeneration resistance281 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), bias and biasing, drain-to-gate feedback resistors284—285 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), bias and biasing, negative feedback281 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), bias and biasing, overviews and summaries287 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), bias and biasing, problems367—368 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), bias and biasing, source resistance connections281—284 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), class AB output stage1270—1271 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CMOS digital logic inverters336—346374—375 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CMOS digital logic inverters, circuit operations337—339 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CMOS digital logic inverters, DP products342—343 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CMOS digital logic inverters, dynamic operations342—345 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CMOS digital logic inverters, overviews and summaries336—337346 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CMOS digital logic inverters, problems374—375 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CMOS digital logic inverters, propagation delays342 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CMOS digital logic inverters, VTCs339—342 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CS amplifier frequency responses326—336372—374 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CS amplifier frequency responses 3—dB bandwidth326—327 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CS amplifier frequency responses, bandwidth326—327 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CS amplifier frequency responses, CMOS digital logic inverters336—337 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CS amplifier frequency responses, frequency bands326—327 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CS amplifier frequency responses, gain bandwidth products327 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CS amplifier frequency responses, high-frequency bands326 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CS amplifier frequency responses, high-frequency responses328—332 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CS amplifier frequency responses, low-frequency bands326 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CS amplifier frequency responses, low-frequency responses332—336 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CS amplifier frequency responses, midbands326 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CS amplifier frequency responses, overviews and summaries326336 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), CS amplifier frequency responses, problems372—374 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics248—262360—362 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, body effect parameters259 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, breakdowns259—260 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, channel length modulations253 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, cutoff regions248 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, finite output resistance saturation253—256 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, gate-to-source overdrive voltage250—251 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, input protections259—260 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, large circuit-equivalent circuit models251 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, n channels248—249 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, overviews and summaries248260—262 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, p channels256—258 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, problems360—362 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, punch through260 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, saturation regions248 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, substrate body effects258—259 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, symbols and conventions248—249 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, temperature effects259 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, triode regions248 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), current voltage characteristics, weak avalanches260 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), dc circuits262—270362—366 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), depletion type MOSFETs346—351375 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), depletion type MOSFETs, modes346 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), depletion type MOSFETs, overviews and summaries346—351 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), depletion type MOSFETs, problems346—351375 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), fabrication technologiesA11—A12 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), internal capacitances320—325372 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), internal capacitances, gate capacitive effects321 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), internal capacitances, high-frequency models322—324372 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), internal capacitances, junction capacitances322 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), internal capacitances, overlap capacitances321 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), internal capacitances, problems320—325372 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), internal capacitances, unity gain frequencies324—325 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), models287—299998—1001 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations236238—248360 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, channels238 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, CMOS logic circuits247—248see MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, current flow channel creation238—239 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, effective (overdrive) voltage240 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, enhancement mode operations240 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, enhancement types240 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, excess gate voltage239—240 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, inversion layers238 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, n channels238 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, NMOS transistors238—243247—248 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, overviews236 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, pinched-off channels242 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, PMOS transistors247—248 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, problems236238—248360 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, process transconductance parameters245 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, saturation regions242 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, subthreshold regions248 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, threshold voltage239 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), operations, triode regions242 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), overviews and summaries235—236359—360375—376 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), power amplifiers1266—1270 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), problems360—376 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers299—320370—372 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, ac grounds306 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, bypass capacitors306 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, cascode currents315 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, CG (grounded gate) amplifiers311—315 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, characteristics301—306 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, common-drain (grounded drain) amplifiers315—318 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, coupling capacitors306 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, CS amplifiers306—311 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, current followers315 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, feedback amounts311 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, nonunilaterai amplifiers301 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, overviews and summaries299318—320 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, problems370—372 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, single grounds306 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, source degenerations311 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, source follower amplifiers315—318 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, source resistances309—311 MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors), single stage MOS amplifiers, structures299—301