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Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J. — Anthropic Cosmological Principle
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Íàçâàíèå: Anthropic Cosmological Principle
Àâòîðû: Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J.
Àííîòàöèÿ: Ever since Copernicus, scientists have continually adjusted their view of human nature, moving it further and further from its ancient position at the center of Creation. But in recent years, a startling new concept has evolved that places it more firmly than ever in a special position. Known as the Anthropic Cosmological Principle, this collection of ideas holds that the existence of intelligent observers determines the fundamental structure of the Universe. In its most radical version, the Anthropic Principle asserts that "intelligent information-processing must come into existence in the Universe, and once it comes into existence, it will never die out."
This wide-ranging and detailed book explores the many ramifications of the Anthropic Cosmological Principle, covering the whole spectrum of human inquiry from Aristotle to Z bosons. Bringing a unique combination of skills and knowledge to the subject, John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler—two of the world's leading cosmologists—cover the definition and nature of life, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, and the interpretation of the quantum theory in relation to the existence of observers.
The book will be of vital interest to philosophers, theologians, mathematicians, scientists, and historians, as well as to anyone concerned with the connection between the vastness of the universe of stars and galaxies and the existence of life within it on a small planet out in the suburbs of the Milky Way.
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Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1986
Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 726
Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 08.04.2009
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
32 see
Absolute idealism, telelogical ideas in 153—159
Action Principles 6 66
Action Principles, and telelogical ideas 148—153
Action Principles, Euler's approach 149 150
Action Principles, in Einstein's gravitational theory 490
Action Principles, opposition to 150—151
Action Principles, predictions based on 124—125 148—153
Adams, Douglas, quoted 490
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 553—555 561
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), molecular structure of 554
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), reactions catalysed by 554
Adiabatic irregularities 388—389 393
Aerobic respiration, development necessary as crucial step in Man's evolution 562
Age of Universe, expressed in terms of density parameter 376 377 626
Agucchi, Giovanni, argument against Copernican system 496
Al-Biruni 95
Albertus Magnus, quoted 576
Albrecht-Steinhardt 'new inflationary universe' model 431
Alexander, evolving-deity concept 190—191
Alexander, Samuel 190
Alpha-particle wave function 485 486
Alternative forms of life 511
Amino acids 549
Ammonia 550
Ammonia, anomalous physical properties of 524 525
Ammonia, as alternative solvent to water 541 550—552
Ammonia, density of solid form 552
Ammonia, physical properties of 534 535 536 537 550—551
Ammonium ions 550
Anaxagoras of Clazomenae 32—33
Anaxagoras of Clazomenae, Aristotle's criticism of 33
Anaxagoras of Clazomenae, Socrates' criticism of 33—34
Ancient world, design arguments in 31—46
Anisotropy model entropy per baryon explained by 402
Anonymous poet, quoted, on hydrogen and oxygen 541
Anselm, St. 106
Anthropic Principle, Brandon Carter's definition 1
Anthropic Principle, definitions 1 510
Anthropic Principle, rediscovery of 219—276
Anthropic, definition of 159
Anthropic, definition of first use of word by Tennant 181
Antimatter, cosmic sources of 379—380
Aquatic life see “Marine”
Aquinas see “Thomas Aquinas”
Arabic philosophy 46
Arabic philosophy, Aristotelian ideas in 45
Archimedes, enumeration of particles in Universe 220
Aristotle 37—40
Aristotle, Causes argument 38—39
Aristotle, criticism of Anaxagoras 33
Aristotle, criticism of Empedocles 34
Aristotle, definition of soul by 659 680n
Aristotle, final cause concept 9 28 38—39
Aristotle, quoted 38 39 40
Aristotle, quoted on definition of life 511
Arouet, Francois-Marie see “Voltaire”
Artificial telelogy 134
Asteroids, infrared radiation from 597
Asteroids, likely place for ETI probe 597 61
Asteroids, size-mass relationship 290
Astronomical unit, calculation of 337
Astronomical unit, value quoted 221
Astrophysics, Weak Anthropic Principle applied 290—291 305—318 327—360
Asymptotically free interactions 408
Atmospheres, composition for various planets 544 see
Atomic binding energies 297 533
Atomic bond energies, carbon compared to silicon 546
Atomic bond energies, values quoted 301 526
Atomic bonding, possible on neutron stars 346
Atomic bonding, types of 300—301 526 see also “Covalent” “Hydrogen” “Ionic” “Metallic” “Van der Waals bonding”
Atomic radius, all of same-order size 298
Atomic radius, formulae for 296—297
Atomic year 298
Atomism 36—37 41
Atomism, revival of 112n
Atoms, energy of 296
Atoms, formation at beginning of Universe 372
Atoms, formation at beginning of Universe, relativistic effect in 295—297 575n
Atoms, structure of 297
Atoms, Weak Anthropic Principle applied to 295—299
Automobiles, as living organisms 521—522
Autonomous morphogenesis, as property of life 519 520
Autotropic photosynthesis, development necessary as crucial step in Man's evolution 562—563
Averroes of Cordova 46—47
Axelrod, Robert 100 102
Axions 390 393 395
Ayala, F.J., reductionism classification 138
Ayala, F.J., telelogical nomenclature 134
Background radiation temperature, as limit for computer operation 661—662 see also “Microwave background radiation”
Background radiation temperature, directional dependence of 630—631
Bacon, Francis 51—52
Bacon, Francis, first use of word 'consciousness' 507n
Bacon, Francis, quoted 49 52
Bacon, Roger 48
Baer, K. E. von 82
Baimer law (for hydrogen spectrum) 222
Ball-in-box paradox 466—467
Balls, variation of circumference and volume with dimension 270 271
Barnes, Ernest W., Anthropic Principle reasoning 126 184
Barnes, Ernest W., on Heat Death 168
Barnes, Ernest W., on mankind 184
Baryon asymmetry of Universe 359 402—403
Baryon number 357
Baryon number, generation 404—408
Baryon number, non-conservation of 357 403—404
Baryon-to-photon ratio 381
Bauer, E., quoted, on introspection 468—469
Bauer, E., simplified discussion of von Neumann theory of measurement 465
Bayesian theorem, WAP as application of 17
Beck, G., spoof on Eddington's methodology 227—228
Becker, Carl, quoted 295
Beginning of universe 442
Beginning of universe, events before 442 636
Bending stresses, stability to 312—323
Bentley, R. 61
Bergson, Henri, evolutionary telelogy 189—190
Bergson, Henri, on global time 216n
Bergson, Henri, on Heat Death 190
Berkeley, Bishop George 22 125 155—156
Berkeley, definition of soul by 68In
Bernadin de Saint-Pierre 92 119
Bernal, J. D., definition of life by 521
Bernal, J. D., quoted, on end of Universe 618—629
Beryllium-8, autocatalytic role in helium burning reaction 252
Bethe, H., spoof on Eddington's methodology 227—228
Bianchi classification 423 454n
Bianchi type IX cosmologies 666
Bianchi type IX universes 423 425 639—640
Bianchi type IX universes, as models of past universes 640
Bianchi type IX universes, forced into having omega point by intelligent life 673
Bianchi type VII universes 423 424—425 426
Bierce, A., quoted, on water/ocean 524
Big Bang cosmological model 372—383
Big Bang cosmological model, and size of Universe 2—3
Big Bang cosmological model, confirmed by microwave background radiation 368 380
Binary collisions theory, E. W. Barnes' comment on 184
Binding energies, planets/stars 645
Biochemistry, Anthropic Principle applied to 510—576
Biological exclusion principle 596
Biology, status of teleology in 124 127—143
Biosphere, life as activity of 521
Biosphere, limit to lifetime of 566 578
Biosphere, marginal stability of 543—544 567 569
Biosphere, prediction of future age 566
Birds, limitation on size 314—325
Black body, microwave background radiation spectrum compared with 380
Black dwarfs, cooling of 648
Black dwarfs, planet collisions with 645
Black hole thermodynamics 223—224
Black holes 347—353
Black holes, as black bodies 224 352 445
Black holes, as final states after evaporation and gravitational radiation 643
Black holes, as information storage devices 669
Black holes, as unobservable phenomena 396
Black holes, evaporation of 353 650 674
Black holes, formation of 342 347
Black holes, general relativity description 352
Black holes, stabilized by matter-dumping 674
Black holes, supermassive growth process 349
Blood circulation, discovery by William Harvey 52—53
Blueshift, definition of 377
Bode, Johann, quotation of Titius law 221
Boethius 45
Bohr, Niels, on role of observer in quantum mechanics 459
Bohr, Niels, quantized atomic model 222 223 305
Bohr, Niels, reaction to EPR experiment 463
Boiling oceans, effect of time-varying gravitation 239—240
Boiling points, of various hydrides 524
Boltzmann, Ludwig, H-Theorem 174 175 176
Boltzmann, Ludwig, on direction of time 173—174
Boltzmann, Ludwig, quoted 195
Bondi-Gold-Hoyle (steady-state) cosmological model 601 616
bonds see “Atomic” “Covalent” “Hydrogen” “Ionic” “Metallic” “Van
Bonnet, Charles 68 221
Books, information content of 137
Borel, P., quoted 576
Born, Max, spoof on Eddington's methodology 228
Boshongo creation myth 94
boundary conditions 444—449
Boundary conditions, evolution equations 409
Boundary conditions, removal of 448—449
Boundary conditions, Strong Anthropic, in quantum cosmology 503—505
Boundary conditions, Weak Anthropic, in quantum cosmology 497—503
Boyle, astronomical examples not favoured by 56
Boyle, conversation with William Harvey 53
Boyle, lectures series bequeathed by 58 61
Boyle, quoted 55 56 57
Boyle, Robert 55—58
Brain see “Human brain”
Branch universes 493 494
Branches of Universe, split by measurement 494 500—501
Brans-Dicke gravitation theory 245
Bread, information content of piece 198
Bremsstrahlung 299 389
Bremsstrahlung (free-free emission), cross-section for 299
Bridgewater Treatises 82 117n 144 524
Briicke, E. von, quoted 123
Brill-Flaherty theorem 627
Brillouin, L., equation for energy to obtain information 179—180
Brillouin, L., information-processing inequality 661 662
Brinkley, J. 79 116n
Bubble-universe models 192—193 436 441 605—607 616—627
Bubble-universe models, and Final Anthropic Principle 607
Bubble-universe models, closed-universe 605 607
Bubble-universe models, open-universe 605—607
Bubble-universe models, Penrose conformal diagram for 606
Bubble-universe models, Strong Anthropic Principle arguments against 607
Buddhist cosmology, large numbers in 276n
Buffon, G., estimate of Earth's age 117n 159—160
Buffon, G., on Final Causes 68 114n
Building blocks of life, synthesis of 3
Building blocks of life, time required for synthesis 18
bulk modulus 303
Burt, C. L., meaning of word 'consciousness' 507n
Burtt, E. A., paraphrasing Isaac Newton 621
Bush, Ian D., quoted 327
Butterfield, Herbert, on Whig interpretation of history 10 135
Caesium hyperfine transitions, as time standard 242
Cairns-Smith, A. G., mineral ecology concept 522
Capek, Milic 216n
Carbon compounds, metastability of 546—547
Carbon dioxide 545
Carbon dioxide, anthropic significance of 548
Carbon dioxide, in temperature regulation 548
Carbon dioxide, reversible hydration of 548
Carbon dioxide, unique solubility property of 548
Carbon, anthropic significance of 545—548
Carbon, relative abundance 542
Carbon-12, formation from He-4 252
Carbon-12, resonance level predicted by Hoyle 252
Carbon-based life, as only possibility 3 570
Carbon-based life, dependent on unique properties of certain elements 510
Carbon-based life, fine-tuned coincidences 253
Carbon-based polymers 547—548
Carbon-based polymers, spontaneous formation of 541
Carbonic acid 544 548
Carlyle, Thomas, quoted 384
Carr-Rees coincidence 400
Carroll, Lewis, quoted 288
Carter's inequality 511
Carter, Brandon, Anthropic Principle limitation to Copernician principle 1
Carter, Brandon, on gravitational constant 336
Carter, Brandon, rejection of prediction of future age of biosphere 566
Carter, Brandon, Strong Anthropic Principle introduced by 21—22 248
Carter, Brandon, Weak Anthropic Principle formula 557 559—560
Carter, Brandon, Weak Anthropic Principle formula, crucial steps for evolution of Man 562—564
Carter, Brandon, Weak Anthropic Principle formula, evolutionary criteria 561—562
Carter, Brandon, Weak Anthropic Principle formula, starting point for derivation 557
Cauchy horizon 674
Cauchy hypersurface topology 622
Cell membrane formation processes 540
Cell self-reproduction 513
Centriole/kinetosome/undulipodia complex, formation necessary as crucial step in Man's evolution 564
Chamberlain, Thomas C, solar system formation theory 125—126 165
Chandrasekhar, S., reaction to Dirac's Large Numbers Hypothesis 234
Chaos, and determinism 90—91 118—129
Chaotic cosmology 178
Chaotic cosmology programme (of Charles Misner) 420 422
Chaotic cosmology, gravitational entropy as antithesis of 446
Chaotic gauge theories 8 255 256
Chaotic inflationary-universe model 436—437
Chemical binding energy fraction 301
Chemistry, Weak Anthropic Principle applied 295—302
Chesterton, G. K., quoted 1
Chinese philosophy, spontaneous order concept in 96—97
Chinese philosophy, telelogical concepts in 95—96 98—99
Chlorophyll 555—556 561
Chlorophyll, absorption spectra of 556
Chordates, development necessary as crucial step in Man's evolution 564
Christie, Agatha, quoted 288
Chronology, ancient world 46
Chronology, Medieval ages 54
Chronology, modern age 204
Chronology, Renaissance 54
Chronometric cosmology 604—605
Chu Hsi 96
Churchill, Winston S., quoted 153
Cicero (Marcus Cicero) 43—44
Ciliate protozoa, reason for size 314
Civilization, growth in future 173
Clarke, Samuel, correspondence with Leibniz 62—63
Classical epoch, definition of 641
Classical timescales, future evolution of matter in 641—647
Clauser, John, quoted, on physical reality 463
Clock/watch analogy, as example of artificial telelogy 134
Clock/watch analogy, Boyle's use of 58
Clock/watch analogy, Cicero's use of 44
Clock/watch analogy, Paley's use of 77
Close stellar encounters 642
Closed Friedman universe 376 376
Closed Friedman universe, density inhomogeneities growth rate 415—426
Closed Friedman universe, Many-Worlds approach 490—496
Closed Friedman universe, Penrose diagram for 634
Closed universes, Cauchy hypersurface topology of 622
Closed universes, criterion for evolution of life 376 410
Closed universes, energy sources in far future 665—666
Closed universes, energy-conservation law 618
Closed universes, existence of life in 637 675 676
Closed universes, infinitely cycling model 192 193
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