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Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J. — Anthropic Cosmological Principle
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Название: Anthropic Cosmological Principle
Авторы: Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J.
Аннотация: Ever since Copernicus, scientists have continually adjusted their view of human nature, moving it further and further from its ancient position at the center of Creation. But in recent years, a startling new concept has evolved that places it more firmly than ever in a special position. Known as the Anthropic Cosmological Principle, this collection of ideas holds that the existence of intelligent observers determines the fundamental structure of the Universe. In its most radical version, the Anthropic Principle asserts that "intelligent information-processing must come into existence in the Universe, and once it comes into existence, it will never die out."
This wide-ranging and detailed book explores the many ramifications of the Anthropic Cosmological Principle, covering the whole spectrum of human inquiry from Aristotle to Z bosons. Bringing a unique combination of skills and knowledge to the subject, John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler—two of the world's leading cosmologists—cover the definition and nature of life, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, and the interpretation of the quantum theory in relation to the existence of observers.
The book will be of vital interest to philosophers, theologians, mathematicians, scientists, and historians, as well as to anyone concerned with the connection between the vastness of the universe of stars and galaxies and the existence of life within it on a small planet out in the suburbs of the Milky Way.
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Рубрика: Физика /
Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц
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Год издания: 1986
Количество страниц: 726
Добавлена в каталог: 08.04.2009
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Предметный указатель
Closed universes, lifetime calculation 376
Closed universes, long-lived, cosmological expansion of 650
Closed universes, long-lived, timescales of 653—654
Closed universes, small, near final singularity, timescales of 647
Closed universes, telelogical prediction 153
Closed universes, time-evolution of expansion scale factor in 376
Closure of Universe, teleological arguments for 153 675
Clustering 377—378 415
Co-operative behaviour 100—102
Cocke-Wheeler cosmological model 674
Coincidences, elemental properties 124 143 252—253
Coincidences, large number 11 219—231 246—247
Cold bodies, planets as 328 340
Coleman-Weinberg interaction potential 432 435
Collins, C.B., on isotropy of Universe 419 423 426
Collins, C.B., on special initial conditions for evolution of Universe 250
Colonization (of space) 580 584—586
Colonization theories/models, diffusion model 585
Colonization theories/models, MacArthur-Wilson colonization theory 584 585
Colonization, motivations for 593—600
Colour charge (of quarks) 355 356
Communications region, far future of Universe 668
Communications, interstellar 577
Communications, motivations for 590—593
Comparative Advantage, (economic) Theory of 596
Complexity theory (of ecologists) 141
Compton scattering 299
Computer hardware, human brain compared with 136 137
Computer hardware, living body compared to 75 659
Computer program, human being as 659
Computer program, self-reproducing 522
Computer program, telelogical explanation 75
Computer program, Universe as 9 125
Computer speeds 136 206n 662
Computer technology, necessary for interstellar communication/exploration 577 578
Conformal diagrams see “Penrose diagrams”
Conformal time 442 491
Confucianism 98—99
Confucius, quoted 98
Consciousness, collapsing wave functions 468 469
Consciousness, meaning of word 469 507n
Consciousness, necessary to bring Cosmos into existence 471
Consequences, as coincidences 12
Constants of nature 5 see
Constants of Nature, constrainted by self-selection effect 5
Constants of Nature, effects of small changes 254
Constants of Nature, statistical basis 253—254 257
Contingency argument 104—106
Continuous creation theories, of Jordan 235
Convergent evolution 132
Cooke, Josiah 88—89 118n
Copenhagen interpretation 458 459
Copenhagen Interpretation, contrary-to-common-sense nature highlighted by EPR experiment 463
Copenhagen Interpretation, von Neumann's axioms for 464—465
Copenhagen Interpretation, wave function collapse required by 459 466 467 496
Copernican system 496
Copernician Principle 1 501 502 503
Copernician Principle, ETI justified by 600—601
Copernician Principle, Weak Anthropic Principle resulting in 4
Copernicus satellite/probe 379
Copernicus, Nicolas 49—50
Copleston, F. C, debate with Bertrand Russell 103 107—108
Cosmic epochs concept, of A.N. Whitehead 192
Cosmic teleology, defended by Peacocke and Mascall 183
Cosmic teleology, developed by Tennant 181—182
Cosmic teleology, notion introduced by Pringle-Pattison 181
Cosmogonic Philosophy 158
Cosmological arguments, and design arguments 103—109
Cosmological constant 225 234 412—424
Cosmological constant, anthropic limit for 414
Cosmological constant, effects on information processing 668—669
Cosmological models, closed universe 622
Cosmological models, cyclic models 616
Cosmological models, ever-expanding universe 623
Cosmological models, evolving models 616
Cosmological models, open universe 622
Cosmological models, recollapsing universe 623
Cosmological models, unchanging models 616
Cosmology, anthropic principles in 367—449
Costs, interstellar exploration 581—583
Costs, von Neumann probes 582—583 591—592
Covalent bonds 300 301 526
Cowper, William, quoted 220
Crane, S., quoted 166
Creation 'out of nothing' 440—444
Creation interpretation, Second Law of Thermodynamics 176 177
Croll, James, estimate of Earth's age 163
Crucial steps, in evolution of Man 562—564
Cudworth's 'plastic nature' concept 59
Cultural imperialism 596
Cummings, E. E., quoted 497
Cyclops project 577
D'Alembert, Jean 65
D'Alembert, quoted 103
D'Alembert, wave equation solution in one dimension 267
Daedalus project 581—582
Daedalus project, cost 582
Daedalus project, payload size 584
Daedalus project, rocket power 644
Dark material, galaxy groups/clusters 377
Dark material, possible particles for 390—391
Darwin, Charles 83—84
Darwin, concession on rate of evolutionary change 162
Darwin, Erasmus 72
Darwin, on Heat Death 167
Darwin, Origin of Species 9 161 162 615
Darwin, progress-to-perfection optimism 166
Darwin, quoted 166 167 180
Darwin, telelogical interpretation 85 86
Dawkins, R., idea-complexes as living organisms 522
Day length, calculation of 309—310
de Sitter space-time 433 434 435 668
De Sitter, W., quoted 430
Deceleration, of expanding Universe 375
Definitions, Anthropic Principle 15—23
Definitions, biology 512
Degeneracy pressure 303
Deity, and pantheism 107 121
Deity, contrasting evidence for, in Newton's time 30
Delayed choice experiments 469—470
Democritus 36—37
Density contrast, conformal time relationship 416
Density contrast, limited range for 417 418
Density enhancement 378
Density irregularities, adiabatic 388 390
Density irregularities, as possible formation processes for galaxies 388
Density irregularities, condensation growth of 415
Density irregularities, isothermal 388
Density parameter age of Universe expressed in terms of 376 377 626
Density parameter effect on time-evolution of expansion scale factor 376
Density parameter energy relationship 375
Density parameter limited range for 411
Density parameter unity value explained, by Anthropic arguments 627
Density parameter unity value explained, by quantum gravity 501 503
Density parameter values quoted 377
Density, atomic weight relationship 299
Derham, W. 67—68
Descartes, Rene 53—54
Descartes, teleology dismissed by 54
Design arguments 27—109
Design arguments, and cosmological arguments 103—109
Design arguments, chronology of 46 54 92
Design arguments, critical developments 68—83
Design arguments, Darwin's rejection of 84
Design arguments, devolution 83—92
Design arguments, historical prologue 27—31
Design arguments, Kant's discussion 73—74
Design arguments, Medieval 46—49
Design arguments, non-Western philosophy/religion 92—102
Design arguments, of ancients 31—46
Design arguments, Renaissance 49—54
Design arguments, scepticism against 29
Designed Universe, Aristotelian view 37
Designed Universe, Design Argument for 22
Determinate natural teleology 134
Determinism, and chaos 90—91 118—129
Determinism, classification of 138—139
Determinism, Teilhard's use of weak form 200
Determinism, Thomas Huxley's view 86—87
Deterministic system, world viewed as 459—460
Deuterium oxide, biological effects 541
Deuterium, abundance relative to hydrogen 379
Deuterium, formation at beginning of Universe 371
Deuterons, formation reactions 321
Deuterons, nuclear potential as function of radius 319
Deuterons, triplet state 321
Dewdney, A. K., two-dimensional world 266
DeWitt boundary condition 497
DeWitt's Postulate of Complexity 473
DeWitt, Bryce S., quoted, on WAP selection effect in MWI 482—483
Dicke, Robert H., anthropomorphic explanation 16 219
Dicke, Robert H., gravitation theory (with Carl Brans) 245
Dicke, Robert H., on large numbers coincidences 246—247
Dicke, Robert H., quoted, on cosmological coincidences 243
Dicke, Robert H., Weak Anthropic Principle developed by 16 125
Dielectric constants, of various liquids, plotted against dipole moments 538
Dielectric constants, of various substances 537
Diffusion models (of exploration/colonization) 585 589—590
Dimensional analysis, first used 289
Dimensional analysis, unreasonable effectiveness of 270
Dimensionality 258—276 see also “Three-dimensional space”
Dimensionality, additional-dimension effects 274—275
Dimensionality, effect on fundamental constants 269
Dineutrons 321 322
Dingle, H., quoted 224
Dinosaurs, size of 313
Diogenes 36
Diprotons, non-existence of 322
Diprotons, nuclear binding energies 322
Diprotons, singlet state 321
Dirac, P.A.M., criticisms of 233—234
Dirac, P.A.M., influenced by Milne's gravitational theory 238
Dirac, P.A.M., large number hypothesis 231—234 276
Dirac, P.A.M., time-varying Newtonian gravitation constant 11 20—21
Discreteness (of apparatus/system) 485
Dispersal phase, behaviour pattern in colonization 593—594
DNA replication 304—305
DNA, computer program analogy 75
Dobzhansky, T., on Teilhard 199
Dobzhansky, T., teleological nomenclature 134
Dog colours, as design argument 92
Dolphins, encephalization of 131
Dominant energy condition 423
Doyle, Arthur Conan, quoted 310 354
Drake equation 586 589
Drake equation, probabilities not varying with Galactic age 587
Dual timescales, effect on evolutionary biology 244—245
Duhem, Pierre, Heat Death of Universe criticized by 617
Dyson, Freeman, closed-universe life ruling 637
Dyson, Freeman, first paper on study of far future 658
Dyson, Freeman, quoted 318
Dyson, Freeman, quoted on cosmic key times 385
Dysteleology 126 166—173
Earth information content of 661—662
Earth's age, biological constraints on 159—165
Earth's atmosphere, composition 542 543 544 549
Earth's atmosphere, marginal stability of 543—544 567 569 614
Earth's future, in presence of monopoles 657
Earth's future, Weak Anthropic Principle constraints on 556—570
Eco, U., quoted 511—522 548
Economics, interstellar travel 581—583
Economics, nuclear weapons 599
Economics, relative materials/wages 172 644
Eddington luminosity 350
Eddington number 225
Eddington, Arthur S., 'spoofs' of his methodology 227—228
Eddington, Arthur S., calculation of fundamental constants of Nature 224—227
Eddington, Arthur S., credibility damaged 227
Eddington, Arthur S., on age of Universe 385
Eddington, Arthur S., on cosmological constant 412
Eddington, Arthur S., on existence of global time 195
Eddington, Arthur S., on redshifts 237
Eddington, Arthur S., quoted 613
Eddington, Arthur S., quoted, on end of Universe 618
Eddington, Arthur S., quoted, on number of protons in Universe 219
Eddington, Arthur S., quoted, on Second Law of thermodynamics 658
Eddington-Lemaltre-Bondi universe 638 639
Edsall, J. T., quoted, on carbon dioxide 548
Egerton, Francis, bequest for (Bridgewater) Treatises 82
Egyptian creation myth 94
Egyptian text, quoted, on creation 440
Ehrenfest, P., on dimensionality 260 261—262
Ehrlich, Paul R., criticism of Julian Simon 21 In
Ehrlich, Paul R., on energy requirements 169—170
Ehrlich, Paul R., single political and economic goal proposed 141
Einstein's cosmological constant 225 234 415 450n
Einstein's cosmological equations, ensemble solutions 250
Einstein's cosmological model 616
Einstein's cosmological model, quasi-Penrose diagram for 635
Einstein's general relativity equations 138 409
Einstein's gravitational equations, quantization of 492
Einstein's gravitational theory, Action Principle in 490
Einstein's special theory of relativity 384
Einstein, Albert, criticism of quantum mechanics 476
Einstein, Albert, definition of physical reality 461
Einstein, Albert, on magnitude of dimensionless factors of proportionality 270
Einstein, Albert, quoted 430
Einstein, Albert, unsuccessful in simultaneous-measurement experiment 461
Einstein-de Sitter universe 425
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) experiment 461—463
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) experiment and Copenhagen Interpretation 463
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) experiment as delayed choice experiment 470
Electromagnetic interaction 293
Electromagnetic interaction in unified theories 355 357
Electromagnetic interactions 370—371
Electron charge, time variation of 240—241
Electron orbitals 297
Electron orbitals velocities of 297
Electron spin, measured in EPR experiment 462 463
Electron spin, memory states of apparatus to measure 473
Electron-positron plasma 664 665
Electron-positron plasma, as information storage device 669
Electron-positron plasma, as remaining matter 649 650
Electron-to-proton mass ratio (B), as controlling physical parameter 293 296
Electron-to-proton mass ratio (B), importance in DNA replication 304—305
Electron-to-proton mass ratio (B), uncertainty relationship 304
Elements, quirks in properties 22 143
Elements, relative abundance 542
Ellis cosmological model 249 434 601
Ellis cosmological model, Davies' SAP argument against 602
Empedocles of Argigentum 34
Empirical theologians 180—184
Encephalization 130
Encephalization, increase in humans 130
Encephalization, increase in marine species 131
End (telos) 33
End (telos), Aristotelian view 38
End of Universe 677
Endoskeleton, development necessary as crucial step in Man's evolution 564
Energy requirements 169—171
Energy sources, far future 663—664 665 675
Energy-time uncertainty relation, information-processing restricted by 671
Entropy per baryon 381—382 383
Entropy per baryon, value of 401—408
Entropy per baryon, weak anthropic limits on 407—408
Entropy, black holes 353
Entropy, maximization 166—173
Entropy, reversal from maximum 178
Epicurus of Samos 41
Epiglottis, Paley's discussion 78
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