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Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J. — Anthropic Cosmological Principle
Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J. — Anthropic Cosmological Principle



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Íàçâàíèå: Anthropic Cosmological Principle

Àâòîðû: Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J.

Àííîòàöèÿ:

Ever since Copernicus, scientists have continually adjusted their view of human nature, moving it further and further from its ancient position at the center of Creation. But in recent years, a startling new concept has evolved that places it more firmly than ever in a special position. Known as the Anthropic Cosmological Principle, this collection of ideas holds that the existence of intelligent observers determines the fundamental structure of the Universe. In its most radical version, the Anthropic Principle asserts that "intelligent information-processing must come into existence in the Universe, and once it comes into existence, it will never die out."
This wide-ranging and detailed book explores the many ramifications of the Anthropic Cosmological Principle, covering the whole spectrum of human inquiry from Aristotle to Z bosons. Bringing a unique combination of skills and knowledge to the subject, John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler—two of the world's leading cosmologists—cover the definition and nature of life, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, and the interpretation of the quantum theory in relation to the existence of observers.
The book will be of vital interest to philosophers, theologians, mathematicians, scientists, and historians, as well as to anyone concerned with the connection between the vastness of the universe of stars and galaxies and the existence of life within it on a small planet out in the suburbs of the Milky Way.


ßçûê: en

Ðóáðèêà: Ôèçèêà/

Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö

ed2k: ed2k stats

Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1986

Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 726

Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 08.04.2009

Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Recurrence paradox      176 619
Redshift, definition of      377
Redshift, Eddington's explanation      237
Redshift, Jeans' explanation      236
Redshift, light velocity decrease explanation      236
Redshifts, photon energy/wavelengths relationship      241
Reductionism, classification of      138
Rees, M. J., quoted      17 586
Reference standards      241—243
Regge, T., quoted, on DNA replication fidelity      304—305
Renaissance, design arguments in      49—54
Reproductive in variance, as property of life      519
Resonances, nuclear reaction      251 252—253
Retrograde motion, of planets      4
Ricci curvature      446 447 490
Riemannian spaces, space-time properties      273
Riezler, W., spoof on Eddington's methodology      227—228
Robertson, H., quoted on cosmic homogeneity      414
Rocket technology, advanced technology      581—582
Rocket technology, first developed      577
Room temperature, definition of      302
Rosen, Nathan, definition of physical reality      461
Royce, Josiah, Harvard seminars organized by      158—159
Royce, Josiah, idealism of      158
Rubik's cube, number of configurations possible      285n
Runaway glaciation      567
Runaway heating (of Earth)      567
Running speeds, size relationships      316—327
Russell, Bertrand, debate with Father Copleston      103 107—108
Russell, Bertrand, dysteleological attitude      167
Russell, Bertrand, quoted      31 68 167 169
Russell, D.A., on brain/metabolism relationship      130
Sagan, Carl, quoted, on, anthropocentric hypothesis      601
Sagan, Carl, quoted, on, communications with ETI      577
Sagan, Carl, quoted, on, extraterrestrial intelligent life      601
Sakharov model      404
Salt crystal, reproduction of      513
Sand Reckoner (Archimedes' enumeration)      220
Santillana, G. de, quoted      601
Sarton, G., quoted      27
Saslaw, W., quoted      387
Saturn, orbital radius of      221
Scaling techniques, size limitations in      310 311
Schelling, F. W. J. von      125 155 156—157
Schoen-Yau theorem      623—624
Scholasticism      47 48
Schroedinger equation/wave function      265 321
Schroedinger equation/wave function, Bom's probability interpretation      458
Schroedinger equation/wave function, separation into radial and angular parts      265
Schroedinger equation/wave function, solution for two particles      321
Schroedinger's Cat Paradox      465—466
Schwarzschild metric      348 349 352
Schwarzschild singularity      348 352
Scientists, compared to philosophers/theologians      15
Scri-plus      633 635
Second Law of thermodynamics, anthropic-fluctuation interpretation      176
Second Law of thermodynamics, Boltzmann's proof      174
Second Law of thermodynamics, Chamberlain's prediction of nuclear energy      125
Second Law of thermodynamics, creation interpretation      176
Second Law of thermodynamics, ecology movement reaction      169—170
Second Law of thermodynamics, energy to process information determined by      661
Second Law of thermodynamics, fluctuation interpretation      176 177
Second Law of thermodynamics, gravitational entropy non-decrease      446
Second Law of thermodynamics, Helmholtz' forecast of Heat Death      166
Segal's chronometric cosmology      604—605
Selection effect      2
Selection effect as explanation of Universe size-mass diagram      290
Self-reference      469
Self-reference arguments      4
Self-repair, as condition of 'living'      513
Self-reproducing computer programs      522
Self-reproducing machines, development timescale for      609n
Self-reproducing machines, spontaneous creation unlikely      511
Self-reproducing machines, von Neumann's scheme      517—529
Self-reproducing universal constructor      517—528
Self-reproducing universal constructor, in interstellar exploration      577 579
Self-reproduction, as condition of 'living'      512—523
Self-selection properties, of human observations      3—4
Self-selection, measuring operators      479
Seme, definition of      561
Separation, principle of, violated by Copenhagen Interpretation      466
SETI proposals      577 578
Shapiro, R., definition of life      521
Shear energy, as energy source in far future      631 665
Shearing universe      629—630 631
Shearing universe, disappearance of horizons      631
Shimony, Abner, quoted, on Multi-Worlds Interpretation      495
Shimony, Abner, quoted, on physical reality      463
Shrinking atomic size theory      236—237
Signal transmission/reception, in even-dimensional space      268
Signal transmission/reception, in odd-dimensional space      268—269
Silicon (and compounds)      545—546
Silicon (and compounds), compared with carbon compounds      546
Simon, Julian L., Ehrlich's criticism of      211n
Simon, Julian L., on progressive economy      171—172
Simple harmonic oscillator (SHO), Hamiltonian for      492
Simple harmonic oscillator (SHO), radiation gas Lagrangian as for      491
Simpson, criticism of Teilhard      196 199
Simpson, George Gaylord      128 133
Size limitations, living organisms      310—327
Size limitations, observable Universe      7
Size of Universe, anthropic principles applied      384—385
Size of Universe, relationship to time needed to generate observers      2—3 18 385
Size of Universe, selection effect illustrated by      2—3
Size, living organisms      310—321
Size, observable Universe      4—5
Size, planetary bodies      306—307
Slow roll-over, Higgs field      432
Small organisms, advantages of      314
Smith, Homer, quoted      147—148
Smith, Sydney, quoted      231
Social control of technology      599—600
Socrates      35
Socrates, criticism of Anaxagoras      33—34
Socrates, design argument of      36
Solar System, formation of      372
Solar System, information content of      662
Solar System, possibility of von Neumann probes in      597
Sommerfeld's fine structure constant      223 227 293
Soul, as computer program      659
Soul, definitions of      659 680n
Sound-speed      304
space exploration      578—583
Space-time, Einstein's concept      384
Space-travel argument, against existence of ETI      576—608
Specific heats, for various substances      534
Spectral shift      376—377
Spencer, Herbert, definition of life      520
Spencer, Herbert, evolving-cosmos theory      188
Spencer, Herbert, on division of labour      186—187
Spencer, Herbert, on social systems      187
Spinoza, Benedict de      59—60
Split-universe model      475—478 see
Split-universe model, four-degrees-of-freedom example      483—484
Split-universe model, meaning of terminology 'universe'      475—476
Split-universe model, measurement effects      481—482 484
Split-universe model, measuring apparatus in      476
Split-universe model, time evolution effects      479—481
Spontaneous cell-wall formation, Fox's experiment on      541
Spontaneous creation of life, elements necessary for      510—521
Spontaneous evolution, biological improbabilities of      570
Spontaneous ignition, of Earth's vegetation      544 567 568 569
Spontaneous order concept, free market example      99
Spontaneous order concept, in Chinese philosophy      96—97
Stabilization (of economies), failure of      141
Standard cosmological model (of Universe)      369—372
Stars, borderline with planets      307
Stars, formation      339—340
Stars, formation processes      328—329
Stars, formation, timescale for cessation of      641
Stars, lower size limit      331
Stars, surface temperatures      334—335
Stars, Weak Anthropic Principle applied to      327—338
Static cosmological model      616
Statistical distribution, of constants of Nature      253—254 257
Statistical fluctuations, effect on size limitation of living organisms      317
Statistical interpretation (of quantum mechanics)      472
Statistical mechanics      460
Steady-state cosmological models      17 185 601 616 see
Steady-state cosmological models, Anthropic Principle arguments against      601—607
Steady-state cosmological models, Aristotelian version      38
Steady-state universe      612n
Steady-state universe, Paley's disproof      80
Steady-state universe, Penrose conformal diagram      602 603
Stefan-Boltzmann law (of cooling)      648
Stellar disruption, by intelligent species      644—646
Stellar lifetimes, calculation of      333
Stellar lifetimes, relationship to nuclear times      358
Stellar lifetimes, size-dependency      333—334
Stellar size, factors affecting      331—332
Stewart coincidence      229
Stochastic gauge theory      257 258
Stoics, teleological ideas      42—43
Strange attractors      255 273 286n
Strindberg, Johann, quoted      305
Strong Anthropic Principle (SAP), criticism of      248
Strong Anthropic Principle (SAP), definition of      21—22
Strong Anthropic Principle (SAP), definition of intelligent life for      523
Strong Anthropic Principle (SAP), quantum cosmology boundary conditions      503—505
Strong Anthropic Principle (SAP), speculative nature of      23
Strong Cosmic Censorship, Principle of      622 636 638
Strong interactions      295 371 see
Strong interactions in unified theories      355—357 357
Subjective idealism      155
Sufficient reason, principle of      103 104
Sulphur compounds, importance to life of      553—555
Sulphur compounds, relative abundance      542
Sum-over-histories action principle method      152
Sun, asteroid collision      644—645
Sun, end of main sequence      557
Sun, planet collision      645
Supersymmetric gauge theories      274
Surface temperatures, stellar      334—335
Surface tensions, of various liquids      536
Survival times, carbon-based life forms      170 171
Swift, Jonathan, quoted      367
T2 virus, life cycle of      516
Tait, P.G., estimate of Earth's age      162—163
Tait, P.G., hierarchy-of-worlds cosmology      179
Tangherlini, F. R., on dimensionality      262 265
Taoism, spontaneous order concept in      96—98
Tardigrades, as living organisms      520
Teilhard de Chirdin, and information theory      199 204
Teilhard de Chirdin, energy modes concept      197—198
Teilhard de Chirdin, Omega Point theory      200—204
Teilhard de Chirdin, on Heat Death      168 197
Teilhard de Chirdin, personal background      195—196
Teilhard de Chirdin, Pierre      195—203
Teilhard de Chirdin, views on extraterrestrial life      203 217n
Telelogical arguments, compared to eutaxiological arguments      29 144
Telelogical evolution      185—195
Telelogy, artificial/natural      134
Telelogy, divisions of      134 136
Teleomechanists      75
Teleonomic (Mayr's terminology)      134
Teleonomy, as property of life      519
Teller, Edward, effect of time-varying gravitation      239—240
Teller, Edward, fine structure constant relationship      230 239
Telos, meaning of word      33
Temperature effects, biological systems      302 309
Temperature effects, biological/spectral      338
Temperature effects, molecular level      302
Temperature effects, star formation      328—329
Temperature effects, surface vs. centre of stars      334—335
Temperature effects, Universe      305—306
Temperatures, small closed universe near final singularity      674
Tennant, F.R., cosmic teleology      181—182
Tennant, F.R., the first use of term 'anthropic'      181
Terminal velocity, as illustration of chaotic cosmology      421
Tetrahedral angle, water molecule bond close to      528
Theaitetos      259
Themata concept of scientific progress      11
Theophrastus      40—41
Thermal conductivities, for various substances      535
Thermal expansion coefficient      304
Thermonuclear reactions      330—331
Thing-in-itself concept      73 153 155
Thomas Aquinas      9 47—48
Thomas Aquinas, definition of soul by      659 680-In
Thomist philosophy      47—48
Thompson Indian creation myth      94
Thomson scattering, stellar emission      333 334 335
Thomson, William      see “Kelvin Lord”
Thought, information content of      660
Three-dimensional space      see also “Dimensionality”
Three-dimensional space, proof for uniqueness of      265—269
Three-dimensional space, Whitrow's paper on      12 15—16 247 259
Tillich, Paul, on God      107
Time direction, and Weak Anthropic Principle      173—180
Time evolution, effect on split-universe model      479—481
Time reference standards      242—243
Time, effects in Nature      30
Time, unidirectionality of      674
Time-reckoning systems, reason for universality      338
Time-reversed Eddington-Lemaitre-Bondi universe      638 639
Timescales, building blocks of life, generation      18
Timescales, carbon-based life forms      170 272
Timescales, controlled by entropy per baryon      382 401
Timescales, dual      244—245
Timescales, future evolution of matter, classical mechanics analysis      641—647
Timescales, future evolution of matter, quantum mechanical analysis      647—658
Timescales, hot Big Bang cosmological model      385—387
Timescales, living organisms      171
Timescales, living organisms, size relationships      316
Timescales, main-sequence stars, lifetimes      171 333—334
Timescales, natural selection, evolution by      87
Timescales, open/flat/very-large-closed universes      653—654
Timescales, significant lifetimes      171
Timescales, small closed universe near final singularity      647
Titius von Wittenberg, J. D., planetary orbital radii law      221 222
Tolman cyclic model      620—621
Toulmin, S., on definitions      15
Trace elements      553 555—556
Trajectories, crossing in two dimensions      254 273 285n
Trajectories, not intersecting in three (or more) dimensions      254—255 266 285n
Triassic period, encephalization increase      130
Turing Test      154 523 571n
Twin Paradox, Bergson's discussion      216n
Twin Paradox, Capek's analysis      216n
Two-dimensional space, signal transmission/reception      268
Two-legged animals, Man as largest      312
Two-sphere universe, contraction of      630 631
Tychistic idealism      158
Tychonic system      496
Tyrtamus of Eresos      40—41
Ultimate Observer      468 470 471
Uncertainty principle      303 304 see
Unified theories      354 see
Unique properties of certain elements and compounds      124 143 510 524—556
Uniqueness, as condition for evolutionary step      561
Universal constructor      517—528
Universal constructor in interstellar exploration      577 579
Universal Program      154
Universal Program, actual Universe as representation of      155
Universal Program, complexity difficulty      155
Universal Program, Ultimate Purpose of      156—157
Universal wave function      see “Wave function of Universe”
Universality, as minimum requirement for fundamental theory      258
Universe, information content of      662
Universe, meaning of word      475—476
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