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                    Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J. — Anthropic Cosmological Principle 
                  
                
                    
                        
                            
                                
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                                    Название:   Anthropic Cosmological PrincipleАвторы:   Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J. Аннотация:  Ever since Copernicus, scientists have continually adjusted their view of human nature, moving it further and further from its ancient position at the center of Creation. But in recent years, a startling new concept has evolved that places it more firmly than ever in a special position. Known as the Anthropic Cosmological Principle, this collection of ideas holds that the existence of intelligent observers determines the fundamental structure of the Universe. In its most radical version, the Anthropic Principle asserts that "intelligent information-processing must come into existence in the Universe, and once it comes into existence, it will never die out."
Язык:  Рубрика:  Физика /Статус предметного указателя:  Готов указатель с номерами страниц ed2k:   ed2k stats Год издания:  1986Количество страниц:  726Добавлена в каталог:  08.04.2009Операции:  Положить на полку  |
	 
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                    Предметный указатель 
                  
                
                    
                        Hubble parameter 627 Hubble redshift 368 450n Hubble time 626 Hubble's Law 373 378 Hubble, Edwin, expanding-universe interpretation 2—3 368 Human being, as computer program 75 659 Human brain, computation rates 136 Human brain, conscious processing capacity 137 Human brain, information storage capacity 136 660 Human cells, synthesis of 580 Human eye, Lucretius' materialistic approach 42 Human eye, Paley's discussion 78 Human eye, radiation receptivity of 338 Human eye, Socrates' design argument 36 Human genome, improbability of spontaneous assembly 565 Human hand, teleological aspects of 44 Human size, estimated by gravitational criterion/molecular bonding calculation 311—322 Hume, attack on Newtonian Design Argument 62 Hume, David 69—72 Hume, quoted 105 107 Hume, vitalist views of 71 115n Huxley, Thomas H., quoted 86 87 127 148 Hydrides, molecular bond angles/distances 529 Hydrides, various physical properties 524 525 Hydrogen atom, simple model 296 Hydrogen bonding 300—301 526 Hydrogen bonding in water 527—528 529 Hydrogen fluoride, anomalous physical properties 524 525 Hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen-bonded polymers 526 527 Hydrogen, chemical properties 543 Hydrogen, percentage in present Universe 369 Hydrogen, physical properties 543 Hydrogen, relative abundance 542 Hydrogen, unique properties of 542—543 Hydrophobic effect 539—540 Ice, density compared with water 524 530 532 533—534 Ice, molecular structure 528 530 Ice, phase diagram for 532 Idea-complexes, as living organisms 522 Idlis, G., large-universe argument 16 Ignition risk, Earth's vegetation 544 567 568 Imperialism 585—586 594 Imperialism, definition of 594 Improbable steps, in evolution of Man 559 562—564 Indeterminate natural teleology 134—135 Infinite state machine 661 Inflation, in early Universe 438—440 Inflationary-universe models 430—434 605 Inflationary-universe models, and Anthropic Principle 434—440 Inflationary-universe models, to answer Flatness Problem 502 Information content, books 137 Information content, computer memory 514 Information content, Earth's mass-energy 661—662 Information content, economic resources 172—173 595—596 600 Information content, Galaxy 662 Information content, human brain 660 Information content, human gene 514 Information content, piece of bread 198 Information content, solar system resources 600 662 Information content, thought 660 Information content, Universe 662 Information storage, far future of Universe 669—671 Information storage, growth rate of 675—676 Information-processing rate, computers 136 206n Information-processing rate, human civilization 600 Information-processing rate, limit on 662 Information-processing, condition for indefinite existence of intelligent life 659 Information-processing, economic activity as 172—173 660 Information-processing, energy requirements 663 Information-processing, inequality for 661 662 663 Information-processing, limited by dimensionality 266 Information-processing, near final singularity 667 Inge, William R., on Heat Death 168 Inhomogeneity of Universe 414—429 Initial conditions 408—412 Intelligence, evolution of 131—133 Intelligent life, definitions of 523 Intelligent life, essential global role of 674—675 Intelligent life, matter used up by 664 Intelligent species, upper bound on number of 586—590 Interstellar communication 577 Interstellar communication, motivations for 590—593 Interstellar transit time 581 Interstellar travel 579—583 Interstellar travel, economics of 581—583 Interstellar travel, motivation for 591—593 Intractable problems 139 Introspection, wave function collapse caused by 468—469 Inverse square (gravitational) law 262 263 264 Ionic bonds 300 301 526 Ionic solids, electron motion in 304 Ionization temperature, at beginning of Universe 382 Iroquois creation myth 94 Islam, teleological concepts in 94—95 Island colonization theory 584 Isothermal irregularities 388 393 Isotropization, definition of 423 Isotropy of universe 419—430 Isotropy of Universe, confirmed by microwave background radiation 419 Isotropy of Universe, tested by counting galaxies 420 Isotropy of Universe, Weak Anthropic Principle invoked for 426 James, W., quoted 103 Janet, Paul, on Final Causes 89—92 Jeans instability, rowth rate of 414 Jeans, James, shrinking atomic size concept 236—237 Jenkin, F., estimate of age of Earth and Sun 161—162 Johnson, Dr Samuel, dislike of David Hume 115n Johnstone Stoney, G., natural units 291—292 Johnstone Stoney, G., on planetary atmospheric composition 309 Jordan, Pascual, continuous creation theory 235 Jupiter swing-by launch/slow-down strategy 580—581 Jupiter, almost a star 331 Jupiter, lifetime in presence of monopoles 657 Jupiter, orbital radius of 221 Jupiter, possible life-form on 511 570 K-strategy (of exploration/colonization) 584 589 590 Kaluza-Klein cosmological models 239 Kaluza-Klein higher-dimensional theories 273—274 Kant, cosmology 620 Kant, design argument admired by 73 Kant, design argument undermined by 73—74 Kant, Immanuel 72—75 Kant, influence on German biologists 74—75 Kant, on dimensionality 260 Keats, John, quoted 458 Kelvin, Lord, estimate of age of Earth and Sun 160—161 Kelvin, Lord, evolutionary timescale debate 87—88 159 161 Kepler, Johannes 50—51 Kerr-Newman metric 352 Kinematic relativity, Milne's theory 237 King, Clarence, estimate of Earth's age 162 Kirchhoff, wave equation solution in three dimensions 268 Kramers opacities 334 335 Krypton-86 wavelength, as length standard       242 Kuhn, Thomas, on teleology 142—143 Lagrangian, closed Friedman universe 491 Lagrangian, physical laws derived from 257 Lamb shift, energy of 299 Landau-Chandrasekhar mass-limit 643 Landau-Chandrasekhar number 332 Landsberg-Parkoscillating-universe model 455n Lao Tzu, quoted 97—98 Laplace, Nebular Hypothesis 90 Large bodies, effect of existence of 306 Large creatures, advantage in sea 313 Large creatures, precarious existence on land 313 Large numbers coincidences 11 219—231 358—359 Large numbers coincidences, Dicke's observations 246—247 Large Numbers Hypothesis (LNH) 232—233 Large Numbers Hypothesis (LNH), cosmological constant and density ratio in 455n Large Numbers Hypothesis (LNH), time-varying gravitation in 232—234 laws of physics 255—258 Least action, principle of 6 66 149 Least time, principle of 148 Lehninger, A. L., classification of elements used in living organisms 552 553 Leibniz, Gottfried, caricatured by Voltaire 6 65 Leibniz, Gottfried, correspondence with Samuel Clarke 62 63 Leibniz, Gottfried, many-world hypothesis 6 62—63 192 Lemaitre, G., criticism of Jeans' shrinking atom theory 236—237 Lemaitre, G., quoted, on Big Bang 372 Length reference standards 242—243 Lepton number 357 Leptons 357 Leucippus of Elea 36 Levin, B., quoted 647 Lewis, C.S., quoted 46 Liberal democracy 9 135 Lieh Yu-Khou 95 Life systems, crucial molecular structures 88 Life, definitions of 13 511—523 Life, non-extinction of 14 659 Life, sufficient conditions for 512 Life-supporting conditions, planetary size effect 309 Lifetimes, quoted 272 626—627 Light elements, abundance predicted by Big Bang theory 368—369 Light elements, abundance relative to hydrogen 378—379 Light elements, formation at beginning of Universe 371 Light elements, origin of 398—400 Light, velocity of change with time 236 Light, velocity of coincidence with charge ratios 223 Light, velocity of Paley's discussion 79 Linde's inflationary universe model 431 436—437 Lipids, cell membrane 540 Liquid-drop nuclear model 323—324 363n Liquid-drop nuclear model, binding energy components for 324 Liu Tsung-Yuan, quoted 97 Living organisms, Weak Anthropic Principle applied to 310—328 Local hidden variables, existence tested by EPR experiment 463 Locke, John, meaning of word 'consciousness' 507n Lodge, Oliver, on black holes/neutron stars 340 348—349 366n Loebell space 638 London, F., quoted, on introspection 468—469 London, F., simplified discussion of von Neumann theory of measurement 465 Lotze, Hermann 75 Lovejoy, A.O. 128 189 Lovejoy, C.O. 131—132 Low-energy Universe, orderliness in 256 257 Lucretius (Titus Lucretius Cams) 41—42 Lukash ever-expanding anisotropic universes 670 Luminosity, factors affecting 332—334 MacArthur-Wilson colonization theory 584 585 MacArthur-Wilson colonization theory, K-strategy 584 586 MacArthur-Wilson colonization theory, r-strategy 584 586 MacClaurin, Colin, design argument 62 Machine descendants (of naturally evolved species) 595—596 Machines, regarded as people 595 615 Magnesium fluoride, molecular structure of 531 Magnesium, in chlorophyll 555—556 Magnesium, relative abundance 542 Magnetic moment effects 298 Maimonides 47 Main-sequence stars, lifetimes 272 246 333—334 Main-sequence stars, luminosity-temperature relationship 337 Main-sequence stars, surface temperatures 335 Mammals, heat balance in 315 Mammals, limitation on size 315 362n Man, timescale of existence 171 584 Many-worlds hypotheses 6 see Many-worlds hypotheses, design argument for 22—23 Many-worlds hypotheses, Ellis' infinite occurrence model 249 Many-worlds hypotheses, infinite Universe approach 7—8 Many-worlds hypotheses, Leibniz' optimal world 62—63 Many-worlds hypotheses, multi-valued quantities approach 6—7 Many-worlds hypotheses, Parmenides' argument for 34 Many-worlds hypotheses, quantum theory interpretation 8 193 249 Many-worlds hypotheses, types of ensemble for 6—8 Many-worlds hypotheses, variable constants of Nature approach 8 Many-worlds hypotheses, Wheeler's oscillating universe model 248—249 Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI) 8 249 472—489 Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI), cosmological model compared with Narlikar model 495 Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI), reason for invention of 622 Marginal utility theory 172 Marine creatures, size of 313 Mars, atmospheric composition 544 Mars, communication/exploration of 593 Mars, life on 511 Mars, orbital radius of 221 Marx, Karl, on division of labour 187 Mascall, E., on size of Universe 247 Mass of universe 384—385 Mass, coincidences of 12 Mass-size diagram, for Universe 290 341 Mass-size diagram, possible explanations 291 Mass-size diagram, revised to exclude unobservable phenomena 397 Massive neutrinos 390—393 394 664 Matter, nature of 302—305 Matter, preponderance over antimatter 370 Matter-dominated Universe 626 628 629 Matthews, W.R. 183 Maupertuis, P.L.M. de 65—67 Maupertuis, P.L.M. de, Principle of Least Action 6 66 67 149 Maxwell's demon 174 179 662 Maxwell, James Clerk 88 Maxwell, quoted, on laws of matter and mind 545 Mayan creation myth 93 Maynard Smith, J. 102 Mayr, Ernst, on evolution of intelligence 132—133 McCullough-Pitts neural network 266 McTaggart, John M. E., absolute idealism of 157—158 Medawar, Peter, on Teilhard 196—197 198 Medieval ages, design arguments in 46—49 Mediocrity, in discussion of ETI 577 586 Mediocrity, Principle of 577 Mediocrity, probably not true 587 Melting points, of various hydrides 524 Memes (Dawkins' name for idea-complexes) 522 Memory, of measuring system 472—473 Mercury, orbital radius of 221 Meson exchange concept, nuclear interaction theory 295 318 320 Mesons, formation at beginning of Universe 371 Mesons, reproduction of 513 514 Metabolic requirements, large brain 130 Metallic bonds 300 301 Metals, astrophysical definition of 587 Metazoans 513 Methodological determinism 139 Methodological reductionism 138 Micelles 540 Michell mass (of black hole) 348 Michell radius (of black hole) 348 Michell, John, on black holes 347 Microscope, invention of 57 Microwave background radiation, as echo of Big Bang 368 380 Microwave background radiation, spectrum compared with that of black body 380 Microwave background radiation, steady-state cosmologies dealing with 601—602 Microwave background radiation, temperature isotropy of 419 Milne, E.A., dual timescales in 244 245 Milne, E.A., gravitation theory 237—238 Milton, John, quoted 219 384 Mind        32 Mind        32—33 Mineral ecology concept 522 Minimum principles 148 149 see “Least Mises, Ludwig von, view of human history 139—140 Misner, Charles W., chaotic cosmology 178 420 Mitochondria, development necessary as crucial step in Man's evolution 563 Mixmaster cosmological model 66 Mobility, size relationship, for aquatic creatures 313—324 Mobility, size relationship, for land-based animals 316—327 Molecular structures, life systems 88 
                            
                     
                  
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