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Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J. — Anthropic Cosmological Principle
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Название: Anthropic Cosmological Principle
Авторы: Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J.
Аннотация: Ever since Copernicus, scientists have continually adjusted their view of human nature, moving it further and further from its ancient position at the center of Creation. But in recent years, a startling new concept has evolved that places it more firmly than ever in a special position. Known as the Anthropic Cosmological Principle, this collection of ideas holds that the existence of intelligent observers determines the fundamental structure of the Universe. In its most radical version, the Anthropic Principle asserts that "intelligent information-processing must come into existence in the Universe, and once it comes into existence, it will never die out."
This wide-ranging and detailed book explores the many ramifications of the Anthropic Cosmological Principle, covering the whole spectrum of human inquiry from Aristotle to Z bosons. Bringing a unique combination of skills and knowledge to the subject, John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler—two of the world's leading cosmologists—cover the definition and nature of life, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, and the interpretation of the quantum theory in relation to the existence of observers.
The book will be of vital interest to philosophers, theologians, mathematicians, scientists, and historians, as well as to anyone concerned with the connection between the vastness of the universe of stars and galaxies and the existence of life within it on a small planet out in the suburbs of the Milky Way.
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Рубрика: Физика /
Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц
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Год издания: 1986
Количество страниц: 726
Добавлена в каталог: 08.04.2009
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Предметный указатель
Hubble parameter 627
Hubble redshift 368 450n
Hubble time 626
Hubble's Law 373 378
Hubble, Edwin, expanding-universe interpretation 2—3 368
Human being, as computer program 75 659
Human brain, computation rates 136
Human brain, conscious processing capacity 137
Human brain, information storage capacity 136 660
Human cells, synthesis of 580
Human eye, Lucretius' materialistic approach 42
Human eye, Paley's discussion 78
Human eye, radiation receptivity of 338
Human eye, Socrates' design argument 36
Human genome, improbability of spontaneous assembly 565
Human hand, teleological aspects of 44
Human size, estimated by gravitational criterion/molecular bonding calculation 311—322
Hume, attack on Newtonian Design Argument 62
Hume, David 69—72
Hume, quoted 105 107
Hume, vitalist views of 71 115n
Huxley, Thomas H., quoted 86 87 127 148
Hydrides, molecular bond angles/distances 529
Hydrides, various physical properties 524 525
Hydrogen atom, simple model 296
Hydrogen bonding 300—301 526
Hydrogen bonding in water 527—528 529
Hydrogen fluoride, anomalous physical properties 524 525
Hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen-bonded polymers 526 527
Hydrogen, chemical properties 543
Hydrogen, percentage in present Universe 369
Hydrogen, physical properties 543
Hydrogen, relative abundance 542
Hydrogen, unique properties of 542—543
Hydrophobic effect 539—540
Ice, density compared with water 524 530 532 533—534
Ice, molecular structure 528 530
Ice, phase diagram for 532
Idea-complexes, as living organisms 522
Idlis, G., large-universe argument 16
Ignition risk, Earth's vegetation 544 567 568
Imperialism 585—586 594
Imperialism, definition of 594
Improbable steps, in evolution of Man 559 562—564
Indeterminate natural teleology 134—135
Infinite state machine 661
Inflation, in early Universe 438—440
Inflationary-universe models 430—434 605
Inflationary-universe models, and Anthropic Principle 434—440
Inflationary-universe models, to answer Flatness Problem 502
Information content, books 137
Information content, computer memory 514
Information content, Earth's mass-energy 661—662
Information content, economic resources 172—173 595—596 600
Information content, Galaxy 662
Information content, human brain 660
Information content, human gene 514
Information content, piece of bread 198
Information content, solar system resources 600 662
Information content, thought 660
Information content, Universe 662
Information storage, far future of Universe 669—671
Information storage, growth rate of 675—676
Information-processing rate, computers 136 206n
Information-processing rate, human civilization 600
Information-processing rate, limit on 662
Information-processing, condition for indefinite existence of intelligent life 659
Information-processing, economic activity as 172—173 660
Information-processing, energy requirements 663
Information-processing, inequality for 661 662 663
Information-processing, limited by dimensionality 266
Information-processing, near final singularity 667
Inge, William R., on Heat Death 168
Inhomogeneity of Universe 414—429
Initial conditions 408—412
Intelligence, evolution of 131—133
Intelligent life, definitions of 523
Intelligent life, essential global role of 674—675
Intelligent life, matter used up by 664
Intelligent species, upper bound on number of 586—590
Interstellar communication 577
Interstellar communication, motivations for 590—593
Interstellar transit time 581
Interstellar travel 579—583
Interstellar travel, economics of 581—583
Interstellar travel, motivation for 591—593
Intractable problems 139
Introspection, wave function collapse caused by 468—469
Inverse square (gravitational) law 262 263 264
Ionic bonds 300 301 526
Ionic solids, electron motion in 304
Ionization temperature, at beginning of Universe 382
Iroquois creation myth 94
Islam, teleological concepts in 94—95
Island colonization theory 584
Isothermal irregularities 388 393
Isotropization, definition of 423
Isotropy of universe 419—430
Isotropy of Universe, confirmed by microwave background radiation 419
Isotropy of Universe, tested by counting galaxies 420
Isotropy of Universe, Weak Anthropic Principle invoked for 426
James, W., quoted 103
Janet, Paul, on Final Causes 89—92
Jeans instability, rowth rate of 414
Jeans, James, shrinking atomic size concept 236—237
Jenkin, F., estimate of age of Earth and Sun 161—162
Johnson, Dr Samuel, dislike of David Hume 115n
Johnstone Stoney, G., natural units 291—292
Johnstone Stoney, G., on planetary atmospheric composition 309
Jordan, Pascual, continuous creation theory 235
Jupiter swing-by launch/slow-down strategy 580—581
Jupiter, almost a star 331
Jupiter, lifetime in presence of monopoles 657
Jupiter, orbital radius of 221
Jupiter, possible life-form on 511 570
K-strategy (of exploration/colonization) 584 589 590
Kaluza-Klein cosmological models 239
Kaluza-Klein higher-dimensional theories 273—274
Kant, cosmology 620
Kant, design argument admired by 73
Kant, design argument undermined by 73—74
Kant, Immanuel 72—75
Kant, influence on German biologists 74—75
Kant, on dimensionality 260
Keats, John, quoted 458
Kelvin, Lord, estimate of age of Earth and Sun 160—161
Kelvin, Lord, evolutionary timescale debate 87—88 159 161
Kepler, Johannes 50—51
Kerr-Newman metric 352
Kinematic relativity, Milne's theory 237
King, Clarence, estimate of Earth's age 162
Kirchhoff, wave equation solution in three dimensions 268
Kramers opacities 334 335
Krypton-86 wavelength, as length standard 242
Kuhn, Thomas, on teleology 142—143
Lagrangian, closed Friedman universe 491
Lagrangian, physical laws derived from 257
Lamb shift, energy of 299
Landau-Chandrasekhar mass-limit 643
Landau-Chandrasekhar number 332
Landsberg-Parkoscillating-universe model 455n
Lao Tzu, quoted 97—98
Laplace, Nebular Hypothesis 90
Large bodies, effect of existence of 306
Large creatures, advantage in sea 313
Large creatures, precarious existence on land 313
Large numbers coincidences 11 219—231 358—359
Large numbers coincidences, Dicke's observations 246—247
Large Numbers Hypothesis (LNH) 232—233
Large Numbers Hypothesis (LNH), cosmological constant and density ratio in 455n
Large Numbers Hypothesis (LNH), time-varying gravitation in 232—234
laws of physics 255—258
Least action, principle of 6 66 149
Least time, principle of 148
Lehninger, A. L., classification of elements used in living organisms 552 553
Leibniz, Gottfried, caricatured by Voltaire 6 65
Leibniz, Gottfried, correspondence with Samuel Clarke 62 63
Leibniz, Gottfried, many-world hypothesis 6 62—63 192
Lemaitre, G., criticism of Jeans' shrinking atom theory 236—237
Lemaitre, G., quoted, on Big Bang 372
Length reference standards 242—243
Lepton number 357
Leptons 357
Leucippus of Elea 36
Levin, B., quoted 647
Lewis, C.S., quoted 46
Liberal democracy 9 135
Lieh Yu-Khou 95
Life systems, crucial molecular structures 88
Life, definitions of 13 511—523
Life, non-extinction of 14 659
Life, sufficient conditions for 512
Life-supporting conditions, planetary size effect 309
Lifetimes, quoted 272 626—627
Light elements, abundance predicted by Big Bang theory 368—369
Light elements, abundance relative to hydrogen 378—379
Light elements, formation at beginning of Universe 371
Light elements, origin of 398—400
Light, velocity of change with time 236
Light, velocity of coincidence with charge ratios 223
Light, velocity of Paley's discussion 79
Linde's inflationary universe model 431 436—437
Lipids, cell membrane 540
Liquid-drop nuclear model 323—324 363n
Liquid-drop nuclear model, binding energy components for 324
Liu Tsung-Yuan, quoted 97
Living organisms, Weak Anthropic Principle applied to 310—328
Local hidden variables, existence tested by EPR experiment 463
Locke, John, meaning of word 'consciousness' 507n
Lodge, Oliver, on black holes/neutron stars 340 348—349 366n
Loebell space 638
London, F., quoted, on introspection 468—469
London, F., simplified discussion of von Neumann theory of measurement 465
Lotze, Hermann 75
Lovejoy, A.O. 128 189
Lovejoy, C.O. 131—132
Low-energy Universe, orderliness in 256 257
Lucretius (Titus Lucretius Cams) 41—42
Lukash ever-expanding anisotropic universes 670
Luminosity, factors affecting 332—334
MacArthur-Wilson colonization theory 584 585
MacArthur-Wilson colonization theory, K-strategy 584 586
MacArthur-Wilson colonization theory, r-strategy 584 586
MacClaurin, Colin, design argument 62
Machine descendants (of naturally evolved species) 595—596
Machines, regarded as people 595 615
Magnesium fluoride, molecular structure of 531
Magnesium, in chlorophyll 555—556
Magnesium, relative abundance 542
Magnetic moment effects 298
Maimonides 47
Main-sequence stars, lifetimes 272 246 333—334
Main-sequence stars, luminosity-temperature relationship 337
Main-sequence stars, surface temperatures 335
Mammals, heat balance in 315
Mammals, limitation on size 315 362n
Man, timescale of existence 171 584
Many-worlds hypotheses 6 see
Many-worlds hypotheses, design argument for 22—23
Many-worlds hypotheses, Ellis' infinite occurrence model 249
Many-worlds hypotheses, infinite Universe approach 7—8
Many-worlds hypotheses, Leibniz' optimal world 62—63
Many-worlds hypotheses, multi-valued quantities approach 6—7
Many-worlds hypotheses, Parmenides' argument for 34
Many-worlds hypotheses, quantum theory interpretation 8 193 249
Many-worlds hypotheses, types of ensemble for 6—8
Many-worlds hypotheses, variable constants of Nature approach 8
Many-worlds hypotheses, Wheeler's oscillating universe model 248—249
Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI) 8 249 472—489
Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI), cosmological model compared with Narlikar model 495
Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI), reason for invention of 622
Marginal utility theory 172
Marine creatures, size of 313
Mars, atmospheric composition 544
Mars, communication/exploration of 593
Mars, life on 511
Mars, orbital radius of 221
Marx, Karl, on division of labour 187
Mascall, E., on size of Universe 247
Mass of universe 384—385
Mass, coincidences of 12
Mass-size diagram, for Universe 290 341
Mass-size diagram, possible explanations 291
Mass-size diagram, revised to exclude unobservable phenomena 397
Massive neutrinos 390—393 394 664
Matter, nature of 302—305
Matter, preponderance over antimatter 370
Matter-dominated Universe 626 628 629
Matthews, W.R. 183
Maupertuis, P.L.M. de 65—67
Maupertuis, P.L.M. de, Principle of Least Action 6 66 67 149
Maxwell's demon 174 179 662
Maxwell, James Clerk 88
Maxwell, quoted, on laws of matter and mind 545
Mayan creation myth 93
Maynard Smith, J. 102
Mayr, Ernst, on evolution of intelligence 132—133
McCullough-Pitts neural network 266
McTaggart, John M. E., absolute idealism of 157—158
Medawar, Peter, on Teilhard 196—197 198
Medieval ages, design arguments in 46—49
Mediocrity, in discussion of ETI 577 586
Mediocrity, Principle of 577
Mediocrity, probably not true 587
Melting points, of various hydrides 524
Memes (Dawkins' name for idea-complexes) 522
Memory, of measuring system 472—473
Mercury, orbital radius of 221
Meson exchange concept, nuclear interaction theory 295 318 320
Mesons, formation at beginning of Universe 371
Mesons, reproduction of 513 514
Metabolic requirements, large brain 130
Metallic bonds 300 301
Metals, astrophysical definition of 587
Metazoans 513
Methodological determinism 139
Methodological reductionism 138
Micelles 540
Michell mass (of black hole) 348
Michell radius (of black hole) 348
Michell, John, on black holes 347
Microscope, invention of 57
Microwave background radiation, as echo of Big Bang 368 380
Microwave background radiation, spectrum compared with that of black body 380
Microwave background radiation, steady-state cosmologies dealing with 601—602
Microwave background radiation, temperature isotropy of 419
Milne, E.A., dual timescales in 244 245
Milne, E.A., gravitation theory 237—238
Milton, John, quoted 219 384
Mind 32
Mind Anaxagoras' concept of 32—33
Mineral ecology concept 522
Minimum principles 148 149 see “Least
Mises, Ludwig von, view of human history 139—140
Misner, Charles W., chaotic cosmology 178 420
Mitochondria, development necessary as crucial step in Man's evolution 563
Mixmaster cosmological model 66
Mobility, size relationship, for aquatic creatures 313—324
Mobility, size relationship, for land-based animals 316—327
Molecular structures, life systems 88
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