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                    Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J. — Anthropic Cosmological Principle 
                  
                
                    
                        
                            
                                
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                                    Íàçâàíèå:   Anthropic Cosmological PrincipleÀâòîðû:   Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J. Àííîòàöèÿ:  Ever since Copernicus, scientists have continually adjusted their view of human nature, moving it further and further from its ancient position at the center of Creation. But in recent years, a startling new concept has evolved that places it more firmly than ever in a special position. Known as the Anthropic Cosmological Principle, this collection of ideas holds that the existence of intelligent observers determines the fundamental structure of the Universe. In its most radical version, the Anthropic Principle asserts that "intelligent information-processing must come into existence in the Universe, and once it comes into existence, it will never die out."
ßçûê:  Ðóáðèêà:  Ôèçèêà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ:  Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k:   ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ:  1986Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö:  726Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã:  08.04.2009Îïåðàöèè:  Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó  |
	 
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                    Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü 
                  
                
                    
                        Molecular synthesis 3 Molecules, excited states 301—302 Molecules, Weak Anthropic Principle applied to 299—302 Molidre, J. B., quoted 64 Monod, Jacques, definition of life 519—520 Monod, Jacques, on purposeful behaviour 133—134 Monod, Jacques, Postulate of Objectivity 123 Monopoles 433 655—656 Monopoles, effect on astronomical structures 656—658 Monopoles, final fate of 657—658 Monopoles, origin of 655 657 Montaigne, M. 51 Montaigne, translation of book by Raymonde of Sebonde 49 Moons, mountain size on 308 Morrison, Philip, quoted, on interstellar communication 592 Mostepanenko, V., on dimensionality 259 265 Motivations, interstellar communication/exploration 590—601 Mott-Heisenberg analysis, Wilson cloud chamber experiment 485 486—489 Mountains, limitations to size 307—309 Multi-dimensionality in 274 Mutation, not possible in salt crystals 515 Mutation, of viruses 517 Narlikar, J.V., quantum cosmology 493 495 Narlikar, J.V., steady-state cosmological model 421 601 605 616—627 Natural selection, applied to physical laws 87 Natural selection, as differentiator between virus and salt crystals 517 Natural selection, effect on intelligence 129 Natural selection, first introduced by Darwin 84 Natural selection, in Henderson's argument 145 Natural selection, self-reproduction by 515 Natural units 291—292 Needham, A.E., quoted, on atmospheric abundance of nitrogen 550 Needham, J., quoted 92 Neptune, orbital radius incorrectly predicted by Bode Law 221 Nervous system, complex, evolution of 129—130 Nervous system, complex, network model for 266 Neutrinos 371 Neutrinos, decay of 655 Neutrinos, rest mass of 255—256 388 390—391 654 Neutron stars 342 365n Neutron stars, frequency of rotation 342—343 Neutron stars, influence of magnetic fields on 345—346 Neutron stars, lifetimes in presence of monopoles 657 Neutron stars, schematic diagram of 344 Neutron stars, size of 342 Neutron stars, size of possible intelligent 'systems' on 345 Neutron stars, surface conditions on 343—345 Neutron-proton mass difference coincidence 400 Neutron-proton ratio (in Universe) 371 Neutron-proton transformation, at beginning of Universe 371 Newcomb, Simon, estimate of Earth's age 162 Newman, W. I., quoted, on extraterrestrial intelligent life 600 Newman-Sagan (space exploration/colonization) model 589—590 Newton's gravitational constant, as fundamental constant 235—236 Newton, Isaac 60—61 113n Nielsen, H.B. 257 Nitrogen compounds, Anthropic significance of 549—552 Nitrogen, relative abundance 542 549 Non-baryonic matter 390 Non-Western philosophy/religion, design arguments in 92—102 Noosphere (Tielhard's term) 200 Noosphere (Tielhard's term), transition to Omega Point 201 203 Now, definition of 660 Nuclear binding energies, sensitivity to value of fine structure constant 322 Nuclear density, values quoted 340 349 366n Nuclear forces, characteristics of 322 Nuclear forces, Weak Anthropic Principle applied to 318—327 Nuclear reactions, primordial timescale for 398 Nuclear resonance, Hoyle's observations 250—254 Nuclear sources of energy, predicted by Anthropic Principle 165 Nuclear stability 324—327 Nuclear stability, atomic number/mass number criterion 325 Nuclear stability, strong coupling relationships 326 327 Nuclear timescales 294 320 Nuclear timescales, relationship to stellar lifetimes 358 Nuclear war 599 Nuclear Winter model 569 599—600 Nuclear-to-atomic ratios 320 Nucleic acid gene 516 Nucleosynthesis coincidence 399 Nucleotides, spontaneous formation of 547 Number of nucleons in Universe 219 358—359 Number of particles in Galaxy, time variation 234—235 Number of particles in Universe, Archimedes' enumeration 220 Number of particles in Universe, Eddington's evaluation 225 Numerical simulation of human behaviour, data requirements 137 O'Neill colony 580 584 596 Objective idealism 155 Objectivity, Monod's Postulate of 123 Observability of Universe 429—430 Observer effect 22 28 see “Schrodinger's Observer role, imposed by quantum mechanics 505 Observer, quantum mechanics, role in 459 Observer, role in physical measurement 458 Occasionalist, Samuel Clarke as 63 Ockham's Razor/Principle 476 495 496 Olbers' paradox 604 Old Testament, design arguments in 27 111n Old Testament, quoted 1 339 Oldness problem 411 omega see “Density parameter” Omega Point theory, as approach to panentheism 122n Omega Point theory, Teilhard's version 200—204 217—228 Omega Point theory, Teilhard's version, mankind restricted to Earth in 203 217—228 Omega point, compared to conical singularity 201—202 Omega Point, definition of 675 Omega point, examples of cosmological models with 638 639 Omega Point, identification by Teilhard 201 217n Omega point, in Einstein space 638 Omega point, in Loebell space 638 Omega Point, reaching of 677 Omega Point, Teilhard's process for origination of 201—202 Omega Point, Teilhard's spatial image for 203 Omega Point, Teilhard's use of term 200—201 Omega Point, totality of life, theological definition 682n Omega Point, transition of noosphere to 201 203 One-cycle closed universe model 621 Ontological argument 106—107 108 Ontological determinism 138—139 409 Ontological reductionism 138 Open Friedman universe 375 376 Open Friedman universe, density inhomogeneities growth rate 416 Open Friedman universe, instability shown by Collins and Hawking 424 Open Friedman universe, Penrose diagram for 633 Open universes, Cauchy hypersurface topology of 622 Open universes, cosmological expansion 649—650 Open universes, energy sources in far future 665 Orderly singularity theory 178 Organelles 563 Organic view of world, Aristotelian view 37 Organic view of world, by Greeks 28—29 Origin of species 9 161 162 615 Origin of Species reviewed by Fleming Jenkin 161 Orion Project 581 Orthogenesis 199 Orthogenesis, Tielhard's use of term 199—200 217n Oscillating universes, constants of Nature in 8 Oscillating universes, models 248—249 455n 620—621 see also “Landsberg-Park” Oscillating universes, Wheeler's concept 193 248—249 Oxygen, reactivity of 544 Oxygen, relative abundance 542 543 614 Oxygen, safety limit percentage 544 567 568 Oxygen, stellar formation from C12 253 254 Oxygen, unique properties of 543—545 Ozone, Anthropic significance of 544—545 Paley, astronomical phenomena discussed 79—81 Paley, at Cambridge 116n 285n Paley, Darwin's reading of book by 76 83 Paley, dislike of final-causes concept 76—77 Paley, on gravitational laws 80—81 260 261 Paley, William 76—82 Panentheism 121—122 Panentheism, distinguished from theism 122n Pantheism, and motion of deity 107 121n Pantin, Charles, on Many-Worlds hypothesis 19 83 250 Parmenides 34—35 Participatory Anthropic Principle (PAP) 22 505 Participatory Universe 470 Past light-cones, isotropy of 429—430 Pauli exclusion principle 300 302—303 391 Peebles, P.J., quoted, on cosmological coincidences 243 Peirce, Charles Sanders, idealism of 158 Pendulum period, dimensional analysis for 270 Penrose diagrams 632 635—636 see Penrose diagrams, achieved infinity defined by 636 Penrose diagrams, boundaries, meaning of 632 635 Penrose diagrams, bubble-universe model 606 Penrose diagrams, c-boundaries in 635 636 Penrose diagrams, closed Friedman universe 634 Penrose diagrams, flat Friedman universe 633 Penrose diagrams, open Friedman universe 633 Penrose diagrams, steady-state universe 602 603 Penrose diagrams, Teilhard's drawing of Omega Point similar to 203 Penrose twistor programme, dimensionality in 272 Penrose, Roger, gravitational entropy proposal 445—448 Penrose, Roger, orderly singularity theory 178 Penrose-York interpretation, energyconservation law 618 Penzias, A. A., discovery of microwave background radiation 368 380 Peptide bonds 549 Perfect cosmological principle 602 603 604 Permo-Triassic boundary, change in encephalization increase 130 Perry, John, on Earth's age 164 Phases, elementary particle 430—431 Philosophers/theologians, compared to scientists 15 Phosphorus compounds, importance to life of 553—555 Phosphorus compounds, relative abundance 542 Photinos 390 393 Photon emission, from stars 332 333 Photon spectrum 652 Photons, formation at beginning of Universe 370 Photosynthesis, oxygen produced by 543 614 Physical eschatology 658 Physics, Weak Anthropic Principle applied 290—305 318—327 Pickering, W. H., quoted, on extraterrestrial communication 593 Place, meaning of word 501 Planck energy, orderliness predicted below this value 256 257 Planck length 499 500 Planck temperature, definition of 292 Planck temperature, for biological systems 302 309 Planck temperature, for various states of matter 305—306 Planck's constant 222—223 292 Planck, Max, action principle 151 Planck, Max, natural units 292 Planck, Max, quoted 123 Planetary life, Weak Anthropic Principle applied to 310—328 Planetary masses, reason for values 307 Planetary time-reckoning, day length 310 338 Planetary time-reckoning, year length 337 338 Planets, limit on size 307 Planets, size-mass relationship 290 307 Planets, Titius' law of orbital radii 221 222 Planets, Weak Anthropic Principle applied to 305—310 Planiverse concept 266 Plastic nature, Dr Cudworth's concept 59 Plato 35—36 Platonic solids 259 Plenitude, Principle of 128 193 Pliny 44 Pluto, orbital radius incorrectly predicted by Bode Law 222 Podolsky, Boris, definition of physical reality 461 Poincare, H., dimensionality of 272 Poincare, H., recurrence theorem 174—175 176 619 Poisson's gravitational equation, in higher-dimensions 287n Poisson's gravitational equation, revised for Einstein static universe 413 Poisson's wave equation solution in two dimensions 267 Polanyi, Michael 75 138 Polygenetic traits, in evolution of Man 561 Pope, Alexander, quoted 55 Popper, Karl, on cosmology 367 Popper, Karl, on prediction of human action 188 189 215 Positive Pressure Criterion 423 Positronium 650 651 Positronium atoms, as information storage devices 669—670 Postulate of Complexity 473 Poulton, Edward B., estimate of Earth's age 163—164 Price structure, as Participatory Anthropic Principle 172 Primates, encephalization of 131 Principles see “Equivalence” “Least “Least “Mediocrity” “Sufficient Pringle-Pattison, Andrew, natural theology of 180—181 Prisoner's Dilemma game 100—102 Probability power law, evolution of Man 559 Progression/regression of species 128—130 Progressive nature of history 186 Proportionality constants, close to unity 270 289—290 Protagoras, quoted 556 Proteins, Anthropic significance of 549 Protogalaxies, pre-existence of, in cosmological models 428 Proton decay 647 Proton decay, as energy source for large bodies 648 Proton decay, catalysed by monopoles 656 657 Proton decay, effect on Man 648—649 Proton decay, lifetime quoted 648 Proton decay, power generated by 648 Protostar formation 339 Ptolemaic system 496 Ptolemy, on three-dimensional space 259 Pulsars see “Neutron stars” Purposeful action 134 Quantization, atomic models 305 Quantum Copernican Principle 502 Quantum cosmological model 13 Quantum field theories, problem of infinities in 257—258 Quantum gravity models, creation ex nihilo 443 Quantum mechanical approaches 13 quantum mechanics 13 Quantum mechanics, electron orbitals 297 305 Quantum mechanics, many-worlds interpretation of 8 193 249 Quantum region, mass-size diagram 396 397 Quantum timescales, future evolution of matter in 647—658 Quantum tunnelling 653 Quarks, in unified theories 355—356 357 Quarks, preponderance over antiquarks 370 403 Quarks, reproduction of 513 514 Quartz, as main material of Earth 307 Quartz, silicon-oxygen bonds in 545—546 Quasar spectra, photon energy/wavelengths 241 Quasi-Penrose diagram, for static Einstein universe 635 Quirks, in properties of certain elements 22 143 524—556 r-strategy (of exploration/colonization) 584 589 590 Racism 595 596 Racism, restriction of rights of von Neumann machines as 595 600 Radiation era, beginning of Universe 382—383 Radiation gas, Lagrangian for 491 Radiation gas, quantization of 492 Radiation pressure (of stars) 331 Radiation, as information storage device 669 Radiation-dominated Universe 649—650 Radioactive decay, as example of two-timing 244 Radioactivity, as weak interaction 293—294 Raw materials, effect on cost of nuclear weapons 599 Raw materials, effect on cost of space travel 583 Raw materials, relative cost decrease 172 Ray, John, design arguments of 58—59 Raymonde of Sebonde 48—49 Realist interpretation (of quantum mechanics) 472 Reality, EPR experiment, definition 461 Reality, validity denied by Niels Bohr 463—464 Recollapsing universe model 623 666 Recollapsing universe model, strong restrictions on topology of 623—624 Recombination time 382 386 389 
                            
                     
                  
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