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Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J. — Anthropic Cosmological Principle
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Íàçâàíèå: Anthropic Cosmological Principle
Àâòîðû: Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J.
Àííîòàöèÿ: Ever since Copernicus, scientists have continually adjusted their view of human nature, moving it further and further from its ancient position at the center of Creation. But in recent years, a startling new concept has evolved that places it more firmly than ever in a special position. Known as the Anthropic Cosmological Principle, this collection of ideas holds that the existence of intelligent observers determines the fundamental structure of the Universe. In its most radical version, the Anthropic Principle asserts that "intelligent information-processing must come into existence in the Universe, and once it comes into existence, it will never die out."
This wide-ranging and detailed book explores the many ramifications of the Anthropic Cosmological Principle, covering the whole spectrum of human inquiry from Aristotle to Z bosons. Bringing a unique combination of skills and knowledge to the subject, John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler—two of the world's leading cosmologists—cover the definition and nature of life, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, and the interpretation of the quantum theory in relation to the existence of observers.
The book will be of vital interest to philosophers, theologians, mathematicians, scientists, and historians, as well as to anyone concerned with the connection between the vastness of the universe of stars and galaxies and the existence of life within it on a small planet out in the suburbs of the Milky Way.
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Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö
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Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1986
Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 726
Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 08.04.2009
Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Molecular synthesis 3
Molecules, excited states 301—302
Molecules, Weak Anthropic Principle applied to 299—302
Molidre, J. B., quoted 64
Monod, Jacques, definition of life 519—520
Monod, Jacques, on purposeful behaviour 133—134
Monod, Jacques, Postulate of Objectivity 123
Monopoles 433 655—656
Monopoles, effect on astronomical structures 656—658
Monopoles, final fate of 657—658
Monopoles, origin of 655 657
Montaigne, M. 51
Montaigne, translation of book by Raymonde of Sebonde 49
Moons, mountain size on 308
Morrison, Philip, quoted, on interstellar communication 592
Mostepanenko, V., on dimensionality 259 265
Motivations, interstellar communication/exploration 590—601
Mott-Heisenberg analysis, Wilson cloud chamber experiment 485 486—489
Mountains, limitations to size 307—309
Multi-dimensionality in 274
Mutation, not possible in salt crystals 515
Mutation, of viruses 517
Narlikar, J.V., quantum cosmology 493 495
Narlikar, J.V., steady-state cosmological model 421 601 605 616—627
Natural selection, applied to physical laws 87
Natural selection, as differentiator between virus and salt crystals 517
Natural selection, effect on intelligence 129
Natural selection, first introduced by Darwin 84
Natural selection, in Henderson's argument 145
Natural selection, self-reproduction by 515
Natural units 291—292
Needham, A.E., quoted, on atmospheric abundance of nitrogen 550
Needham, J., quoted 92
Neptune, orbital radius incorrectly predicted by Bode Law 221
Nervous system, complex, evolution of 129—130
Nervous system, complex, network model for 266
Neutrinos 371
Neutrinos, decay of 655
Neutrinos, rest mass of 255—256 388 390—391 654
Neutron stars 342 365n
Neutron stars, frequency of rotation 342—343
Neutron stars, influence of magnetic fields on 345—346
Neutron stars, lifetimes in presence of monopoles 657
Neutron stars, schematic diagram of 344
Neutron stars, size of 342
Neutron stars, size of possible intelligent 'systems' on 345
Neutron stars, surface conditions on 343—345
Neutron-proton mass difference coincidence 400
Neutron-proton ratio (in Universe) 371
Neutron-proton transformation, at beginning of Universe 371
Newcomb, Simon, estimate of Earth's age 162
Newman, W. I., quoted, on extraterrestrial intelligent life 600
Newman-Sagan (space exploration/colonization) model 589—590
Newton's gravitational constant, as fundamental constant 235—236
Newton, Isaac 60—61 113n
Nielsen, H.B. 257
Nitrogen compounds, Anthropic significance of 549—552
Nitrogen, relative abundance 542 549
Non-baryonic matter 390
Non-Western philosophy/religion, design arguments in 92—102
Noosphere (Tielhard's term) 200
Noosphere (Tielhard's term), transition to Omega Point 201 203
Now, definition of 660
Nuclear binding energies, sensitivity to value of fine structure constant 322
Nuclear density, values quoted 340 349 366n
Nuclear forces, characteristics of 322
Nuclear forces, Weak Anthropic Principle applied to 318—327
Nuclear reactions, primordial timescale for 398
Nuclear resonance, Hoyle's observations 250—254
Nuclear sources of energy, predicted by Anthropic Principle 165
Nuclear stability 324—327
Nuclear stability, atomic number/mass number criterion 325
Nuclear stability, strong coupling relationships 326 327
Nuclear timescales 294 320
Nuclear timescales, relationship to stellar lifetimes 358
Nuclear war 599
Nuclear Winter model 569 599—600
Nuclear-to-atomic ratios 320
Nucleic acid gene 516
Nucleosynthesis coincidence 399
Nucleotides, spontaneous formation of 547
Number of nucleons in Universe 219 358—359
Number of particles in Galaxy, time variation 234—235
Number of particles in Universe, Archimedes' enumeration 220
Number of particles in Universe, Eddington's evaluation 225
Numerical simulation of human behaviour, data requirements 137
O'Neill colony 580 584 596
Objective idealism 155
Objectivity, Monod's Postulate of 123
Observability of Universe 429—430
Observer effect 22 28 see “Schrodinger's
Observer role, imposed by quantum mechanics 505
Observer, quantum mechanics, role in 459
Observer, role in physical measurement 458
Occasionalist, Samuel Clarke as 63
Ockham's Razor/Principle 476 495 496
Olbers' paradox 604
Old Testament, design arguments in 27 111n
Old Testament, quoted 1 339
Oldness problem 411
omega see “Density parameter”
Omega Point theory, as approach to panentheism 122n
Omega Point theory, Teilhard's version 200—204 217—228
Omega Point theory, Teilhard's version, mankind restricted to Earth in 203 217—228
Omega point, compared to conical singularity 201—202
Omega Point, definition of 675
Omega point, examples of cosmological models with 638 639
Omega Point, identification by Teilhard 201 217n
Omega point, in Einstein space 638
Omega point, in Loebell space 638
Omega Point, reaching of 677
Omega Point, Teilhard's process for origination of 201—202
Omega Point, Teilhard's spatial image for 203
Omega Point, Teilhard's use of term 200—201
Omega Point, totality of life, theological definition 682n
Omega Point, transition of noosphere to 201 203
One-cycle closed universe model 621
Ontological argument 106—107 108
Ontological determinism 138—139 409
Ontological reductionism 138
Open Friedman universe 375 376
Open Friedman universe, density inhomogeneities growth rate 416
Open Friedman universe, instability shown by Collins and Hawking 424
Open Friedman universe, Penrose diagram for 633
Open universes, Cauchy hypersurface topology of 622
Open universes, cosmological expansion 649—650
Open universes, energy sources in far future 665
Orderly singularity theory 178
Organelles 563
Organic view of world, Aristotelian view 37
Organic view of world, by Greeks 28—29
Origin of species 9 161 162 615
Origin of Species reviewed by Fleming Jenkin 161
Orion Project 581
Orthogenesis 199
Orthogenesis, Tielhard's use of term 199—200 217n
Oscillating universes, constants of Nature in 8
Oscillating universes, models 248—249 455n 620—621 see also “Landsberg-Park”
Oscillating universes, Wheeler's concept 193 248—249
Oxygen, reactivity of 544
Oxygen, relative abundance 542 543 614
Oxygen, safety limit percentage 544 567 568
Oxygen, stellar formation from C12 253 254
Oxygen, unique properties of 543—545
Ozone, Anthropic significance of 544—545
Paley, astronomical phenomena discussed 79—81
Paley, at Cambridge 116n 285n
Paley, Darwin's reading of book by 76 83
Paley, dislike of final-causes concept 76—77
Paley, on gravitational laws 80—81 260 261
Paley, William 76—82
Panentheism 121—122
Panentheism, distinguished from theism 122n
Pantheism, and motion of deity 107 121n
Pantin, Charles, on Many-Worlds hypothesis 19 83 250
Parmenides 34—35
Participatory Anthropic Principle (PAP) 22 505
Participatory Universe 470
Past light-cones, isotropy of 429—430
Pauli exclusion principle 300 302—303 391
Peebles, P.J., quoted, on cosmological coincidences 243
Peirce, Charles Sanders, idealism of 158
Pendulum period, dimensional analysis for 270
Penrose diagrams 632 635—636 see
Penrose diagrams, achieved infinity defined by 636
Penrose diagrams, boundaries, meaning of 632 635
Penrose diagrams, bubble-universe model 606
Penrose diagrams, c-boundaries in 635 636
Penrose diagrams, closed Friedman universe 634
Penrose diagrams, flat Friedman universe 633
Penrose diagrams, open Friedman universe 633
Penrose diagrams, steady-state universe 602 603
Penrose diagrams, Teilhard's drawing of Omega Point similar to 203
Penrose twistor programme, dimensionality in 272
Penrose, Roger, gravitational entropy proposal 445—448
Penrose, Roger, orderly singularity theory 178
Penrose-York interpretation, energyconservation law 618
Penzias, A. A., discovery of microwave background radiation 368 380
Peptide bonds 549
Perfect cosmological principle 602 603 604
Permo-Triassic boundary, change in encephalization increase 130
Perry, John, on Earth's age 164
Phases, elementary particle 430—431
Philosophers/theologians, compared to scientists 15
Phosphorus compounds, importance to life of 553—555
Phosphorus compounds, relative abundance 542
Photinos 390 393
Photon emission, from stars 332 333
Photon spectrum 652
Photons, formation at beginning of Universe 370
Photosynthesis, oxygen produced by 543 614
Physical eschatology 658
Physics, Weak Anthropic Principle applied 290—305 318—327
Pickering, W. H., quoted, on extraterrestrial communication 593
Place, meaning of word 501
Planck energy, orderliness predicted below this value 256 257
Planck length 499 500
Planck temperature, definition of 292
Planck temperature, for biological systems 302 309
Planck temperature, for various states of matter 305—306
Planck's constant 222—223 292
Planck, Max, action principle 151
Planck, Max, natural units 292
Planck, Max, quoted 123
Planetary life, Weak Anthropic Principle applied to 310—328
Planetary masses, reason for values 307
Planetary time-reckoning, day length 310 338
Planetary time-reckoning, year length 337 338
Planets, limit on size 307
Planets, size-mass relationship 290 307
Planets, Titius' law of orbital radii 221 222
Planets, Weak Anthropic Principle applied to 305—310
Planiverse concept 266
Plastic nature, Dr Cudworth's concept 59
Plato 35—36
Platonic solids 259
Plenitude, Principle of 128 193
Pliny 44
Pluto, orbital radius incorrectly predicted by Bode Law 222
Podolsky, Boris, definition of physical reality 461
Poincare, H., dimensionality of 272
Poincare, H., recurrence theorem 174—175 176 619
Poisson's gravitational equation, in higher-dimensions 287n
Poisson's gravitational equation, revised for Einstein static universe 413
Poisson's wave equation solution in two dimensions 267
Polanyi, Michael 75 138
Polygenetic traits, in evolution of Man 561
Pope, Alexander, quoted 55
Popper, Karl, on cosmology 367
Popper, Karl, on prediction of human action 188 189 215
Positive Pressure Criterion 423
Positronium 650 651
Positronium atoms, as information storage devices 669—670
Postulate of Complexity 473
Poulton, Edward B., estimate of Earth's age 163—164
Price structure, as Participatory Anthropic Principle 172
Primates, encephalization of 131
Principles see “Equivalence” “Least “Least “Mediocrity” “Sufficient
Pringle-Pattison, Andrew, natural theology of 180—181
Prisoner's Dilemma game 100—102
Probability power law, evolution of Man 559
Progression/regression of species 128—130
Progressive nature of history 186
Proportionality constants, close to unity 270 289—290
Protagoras, quoted 556
Proteins, Anthropic significance of 549
Protogalaxies, pre-existence of, in cosmological models 428
Proton decay 647
Proton decay, as energy source for large bodies 648
Proton decay, catalysed by monopoles 656 657
Proton decay, effect on Man 648—649
Proton decay, lifetime quoted 648
Proton decay, power generated by 648
Protostar formation 339
Ptolemaic system 496
Ptolemy, on three-dimensional space 259
Pulsars see “Neutron stars”
Purposeful action 134
Quantization, atomic models 305
Quantum Copernican Principle 502
Quantum cosmological model 13
Quantum field theories, problem of infinities in 257—258
Quantum gravity models, creation ex nihilo 443
Quantum mechanical approaches 13
quantum mechanics 13
Quantum mechanics, electron orbitals 297 305
Quantum mechanics, many-worlds interpretation of 8 193 249
Quantum region, mass-size diagram 396 397
Quantum timescales, future evolution of matter in 647—658
Quantum tunnelling 653
Quarks, in unified theories 355—356 357
Quarks, preponderance over antiquarks 370 403
Quarks, reproduction of 513 514
Quartz, as main material of Earth 307
Quartz, silicon-oxygen bonds in 545—546
Quasar spectra, photon energy/wavelengths 241
Quasi-Penrose diagram, for static Einstein universe 635
Quirks, in properties of certain elements 22 143 524—556
r-strategy (of exploration/colonization) 584 589 590
Racism 595 596
Racism, restriction of rights of von Neumann machines as 595 600
Radiation era, beginning of Universe 382—383
Radiation gas, Lagrangian for 491
Radiation gas, quantization of 492
Radiation pressure (of stars) 331
Radiation, as information storage device 669
Radiation-dominated Universe 649—650
Radioactive decay, as example of two-timing 244
Radioactivity, as weak interaction 293—294
Raw materials, effect on cost of nuclear weapons 599
Raw materials, effect on cost of space travel 583
Raw materials, relative cost decrease 172
Ray, John, design arguments of 58—59
Raymonde of Sebonde 48—49
Realist interpretation (of quantum mechanics) 472
Reality, EPR experiment, definition 461
Reality, validity denied by Niels Bohr 463—464
Recollapsing universe model 623 666
Recollapsing universe model, strong restrictions on topology of 623—624
Recombination time 382 386 389
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