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Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J. — Anthropic Cosmological Principle
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Название: Anthropic Cosmological Principle
Авторы: Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J.
Аннотация: Ever since Copernicus, scientists have continually adjusted their view of human nature, moving it further and further from its ancient position at the center of Creation. But in recent years, a startling new concept has evolved that places it more firmly than ever in a special position. Known as the Anthropic Cosmological Principle, this collection of ideas holds that the existence of intelligent observers determines the fundamental structure of the Universe. In its most radical version, the Anthropic Principle asserts that "intelligent information-processing must come into existence in the Universe, and once it comes into existence, it will never die out."
This wide-ranging and detailed book explores the many ramifications of the Anthropic Cosmological Principle, covering the whole spectrum of human inquiry from Aristotle to Z bosons. Bringing a unique combination of skills and knowledge to the subject, John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler—two of the world's leading cosmologists—cover the definition and nature of life, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, and the interpretation of the quantum theory in relation to the existence of observers.
The book will be of vital interest to philosophers, theologians, mathematicians, scientists, and historians, as well as to anyone concerned with the connection between the vastness of the universe of stars and galaxies and the existence of life within it on a small planet out in the suburbs of the Milky Way.
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Рубрика: Физика /
Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц
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Год издания: 1986
Количество страниц: 726
Добавлена в каталог: 08.04.2009
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Предметный указатель
Epistemological determinism 139
Epistemological reductionism 138
Epoch, uniqueness of 601
Equivalence principle 347
Erdoes, P., quoted 401
Eschatology 658
Essential traits, in evolution of Man 561—562
Euler, Leonhard, action principle 149 150
Eutaxiological arguments 88—89
Eutaxiological arguments compared to ideological arguments 29 144
Event horizon, formation of 636—637
Ever-expanding universe model 623
Everett Friends Paradox 468 470—471
Everett, H., many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics 8 249 472
Everett, H., reply to Einstein on split-universe model 476—477
Evolution of life, in far future 675—677
Evolution of Man, as crucial step 564
Evolution of Man, criteria for steps in 561—562
Evolution of Man, crucial steps in 562—564
Evolution of Man, improbability of spontaneous evolution 565—566
Evolution timescales, lower/upper bounds 643
Evolution timescales, lower/upper bounds effect of intelligent activity on 643—645
Evolutionary cosmological models 185—195
Evolving-universe theory, of Teilhard de Chardin 196 198
Excited states, atomic/molecular 301—302 321
Excited states, nuclear 321
Expanding Universe, Jeans' explanation 236—237
Expansion rate of Universe 18
Exponential inflation 432
Exponential inflation, results of 432—434
Extinction, avoided by machine descendants 595—596
Extinction, evolving species 615
Extraterrestrial intelligent (ETI) life, absent from Galaxy 590
Extraterrestrial intelligent (ETI) life, Carter's WAP formula invalid if found 569
Extraterrestrial intelligent (ETI) life, in Solar System 597—598
Extraterrestrial intelligent (ETI) life, space-time argument against 576—608
extraterrestrial life 14
Extraterrestrial life, Teilhard's views on 203 217
eye see also “Human eye”
Eye, evolution necessary as crucial step in Man's evolution 564
Eye, independent 'invention' of 132 561 564
Falsifiability, as condition for scientific theory 198
Far future, study as separate branch of physics 658
Feinberg, G., definition of life 521
Fermat, P. de, reflection/refraction predictions 125 148—149
Fermi constant 294 354
Fermi coupling 294
Fermi, E., quoted, on extraterrestrial intelligent life 578
Feynman, Richard P. 151 152
Fichte, J.G. 153
Fichte, J.G., quoted 154
Fichte, J.G., subjective idealism 155 156
Fifth Way (of Thomas Aquinas) 47
Final Anthropic Principle (FAP), definition of 23
Final Anthropic Principle (FAP), event horizons in 668
Final Anthropic Principle (FAP), Participatory Anthropic Principle interpreted as 471
Final Anthropic Principle (FAP), requirement that life exists forever 659
Final Anthropic Principle (FAP), speculative nature of 23
Final Causes, Aristotelian view 38 39
Final Causes, Descartes' dismissal of concept 54
Final Causes, Henderson's concept 145
Final Causes, Paley's dislike of concept 76—77
Final Causes, separated from science by Francis Bacon 51—52
Final Causes, Whitehead's view 193—194
Final Observation 471
Final state of Universe 658—677
Final state of Universe, summary of 675—677
Fine structure constant, as controlling physical parameter 293 295
Fine structure constant, Eddington's combinatorical formulae 227
Fine structure constant, first postulated by Sommerfeld 223
Fine structure constant, gravitational analogue 293 336
Fine structure constant, lower and upper bounds in grand unified theories 358 359
Fine structure constant, numerical value of reciprocal 227 231 293
Fine structure constant, physical meaning of 298
Fine structure constant, relationship to gravitational interaction constant 358
Fine structure constant, stability influence 298
Fine structure constant, strong interaction analogue 295 319
Fine structure constant, Teller's relationship 230 239
Fine structure constant, Wyler's numerical coincidence 231
Finite state machine 661
First intelligent species to evolve, interstellar communication/exploration by 592—593
Fiske, John 85—86
Fitness of the Environment 118n 143 147 533
Flames, as living organisms 520
Flat Friedman universe 375 376
Flat Friedman universe, density inhomogeneities growth rate 415
Flat Friedman universe, galaxy growth in 428—429
Flat Friedman universe, isotropy criterion for 425
Flat Friedman universe, Penrose diagram for 633
Flat universes, cosmological expansion 650—651
Flat universes, energy sources in far future 665
Flat universes, human evolution not possible in 426
Flat universes, isotropy/anisotropy of 427—428
Flat-universe models 625
Flatness problem 410—421 432 501
Flavours (of quarks) 356 408
Flea jumping, as spurious design argument 119n
Flew, Anthony 104 106
Fluctuation interpretation, Feynman's objection 177
Fluctuation interpretation, Second Law of Thermodynamics 176 177
Flying creatures, limitation on size 314—325
Foam model (of space-time) 353
Foliation, space-time 627 659 660
Fossil, Paley's discussion 78
Fourier, J.B.J., dimensional analysis used by 289
Fourier, J.B.J., heat conduction theory 160
Fourth dimension 260
Fox, S. W., experiment on spontaneous cell-wall formation 541
Free-expansion model, exploration/colonization 584—585 589
Free-market economic system, Hayek's description 99 140
Free-market economic system, Spencer's view 187
Friedman (oscillating closed universe) model 620
Friedman equation (for expc nsion of universe) 373
Friedman equation (for expc nsion of universe), solutions for 375—376 376
Friedman universes, Many-Worlds approach 490—496
Friedman universes, matter remaining in 649
Friedman's equation, revised for Einstein static universe 413
Frost, Robert, quoted 27 613
Fundamental constants of Nature 224—231
Fundamental constants of Nature, dimensionality effects 269
Fundamental constants of Nature, equilibrium states determined by 288
Fundamental constants of Nature, large scale features contingent upon 289
Fundamental constants of Nature, strong anthropic aspect to 367
Fundamental mass, in terms of Eddington number 226—227 278
Fusion, heats of, for various substances 536
Future age of biosphere 566
Future evolution of matter, in classical timescales 641—647
Future evolution of matter, in quantum timescales 647—658
Future histories 14
Future of Earth, Weak Anthropic Principle constraints 556—570
Future of Universe, global constraints on 621—641
Galaxies, cosmology for 387—397
Galaxies, density enhancement in 378
Galaxies, formation theory incomplete 396
Galaxies, mass-size relationship 290
Galaxies, possible formation processes for 388—390
Galaxy, age estimated 588
Galaxy, information content of 662
Galaxy, number of communicating civilizations, estimated as unity 588
Galaxy, number of intelligent species in 586—590
Galaxy, time required for exploration of 583 584
Galen 44
Galileo Galilei, on anthropocentric design arguments 50
Galileo Galilei, on marine creatures 313
Galileo Galilei, on size of living organisms 311
Gamow peak 330 331
Gamow, George, on origin of elements 398
Gamow, George, time-varying electron charge 240
Gas clouds, cooling of 389—390
Gas clouds, possible evolutionary sequence for 351
Gas clouds, protostar formation in 339
Gassendi, P. 57
Gauge theories 152 see “Grand “Stochastic”
Gauge theories, Gaussian statistical distribution 256
Gauge theories, Geikie, Archibald, estimate of Earth's age 163
Gauge theories, genes, improbability of spontaneous assembly 565 575n
Gauge theories, genetic code, development necessary as crucial step in Man's evolution 562
Gauge theories, geometrical factors, variation with dimension 270—272
Gauge theories, German professor (typical), quoted 510
Gauge theories, Gibbs'Phase Rule 147
Gauge theories, global constraints, on future of Universe 621—641
Gauge theories, global time, definability of 195 216
Gauge theories, glucose fermentation, development necessary as crucial step in Man's evolution 562
Gauge theories, sum-over-histories method for 152
Gluons, colour smearing by 408
Gluons, in unified theories 355 356
Goethe, J. W. von 82—83
Gold, T., quoted 408
Gold-Hoyle (steady-state) cosmological model 601 616
Goldman, Emma, quoted 590
Goodchild, J. G., estimate of Earth's age 164
Gosse, Philip, young Universe with ready-made fossils theory 428
Gott's bubble-universe model 192—193 605 607
Gould, S. J., quoted 92
Graham, W., quoted 84
Grand unified gauge theories 354—360
Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) 354 357
Grand unified theories (GUTs), energy scale of 357—358
Grand unified theories (GUTs), non-conservation of baryon number 357 403—404
Grand unified theories (GUTs), proton lifetimes in 648
Grand unified theories (GUTs), spontaneous symmetry-breaking 617
Gravitation potentials 262
Gravitation potentials, algebraic potential 263
Gravitation potentials, Yukawa-type potentials 262—263
Gravitational binding energy 327
Gravitational binding energy, balanced by thermal pressure 328
Gravitational binding energy, formula for 306
Gravitational clocks 237
Gravitational constant, numerical coincidence 336
Gravitational criterion, human existence 311—322
Gravitational entropy 445—449
Gravitational entropy, as antithesis of chaotic cosmology 446
Gravitational entropy, as argument against Strong Anthropic Principle 448
Gravitational entropy, definition of 447
Gravitational equilibrium 448
Gravitational radiation 643
Gravitinos 390 393
Gray, Asa 85 127
Great Chain of Being 128 189
Green's function, boundary conditions 498—499
Gregory, David, on Newton 61
Grene, M., on teleology 136
Grew, Nehemiah, design argument 63—64
Ground state energies, finity of 264
Gurevich, L., on dimensionality 259 265
Guth's inflationary universe model 430
H-Theorem 174 175 176
Haas, A., fundamental constants 228
Haas, A., quantum equation 223
Habitable planets, requirements for 309—310
Hadrons, formation at beginning of universe 371
Haldane, J.B.S., on anthropic-fluctuation interpretation of Second Law 176—177
Haldane, J.B.S., on dual timescales 244—245
Halos, galaxy/cluster 377
Halos, galaxy/cluster, possible particles for 391
Hamiltonian, atomic system 533
Hamiltonian, radiation gas 492
Hand see “Human hand”
Hansen, Hans Marius, and Bohr's quantum theory 222
Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum 434
Hart, Michael, computer simulation of Earth's atmosphere 567—569
Hartle-Hawking quantum model 443—444
Hartle-Hawking wave function of the Universe 105
Hartle-Hawking wave function of the Universe, non-normalizability of 501
Hartshorne, Charles, definition of Universe 121n
Hartshorne, Charles, on special relativity 194—195
Hartshorne, Charles, on speed of light limitation 195
Hartshorne, Charles, ontological argument defended by 108
Hartshorne, Charles, pantheistic approach 108 122n 195
Harvey, William, design argument approach 52—53
Hausdorff topology 636
Hawking foam space-time model 353
Hawking process, proton decay by 652
Hawking quantum cosmology 674
Hawking, S.W., black hole thermodynamics 224 445—446
Hawking, S.W., on boundary conditions of Universe 444
Hawking, S.W., on isotropy of Universe 419 423 426
Hawking, S.W., quoted, on Schrodinger's Cat Paradox 458
Hawking, S.W., removal of boundary conditions of Universe 449
Hawking, S.W., special initial conditions for evolution of Universe 250
Hawking-Moss 'new inflationary universe' model 431
Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems 621
Hayek, Fredrick A. 99—100
Hayek, indeterminate teleology 140
Hayek, spontaneous order of society 99—100
Hayek, unpredictability in social evolution 188 189
Heartbeats, number in a lifetime 315 316
Heat Death of Universe, Bergson's approach 190
Heat Death of Universe, Bernal's version 619
Heat Death of Universe, criticism of concept 617
Heat Death of Universe, dual timescales, effect on 245
Heat Death of Universe, Eddington's version 618
Heat Death of Universe, first forecast by Helmholtz 166
Heat Death of Universe, gravitational equilibrium as geometrical analogue of 448
Heat Death of Universe, Teilhard's treatment 168 197 201
Heats of fusion see “Fusion heats
Heats of vaporization see “Vaporization heats
Heavy elements, formation in Galaxy 587
Heavy water see “Deuterium oxide”
Hegel, G.W.F. 157
Heisenberg uncertainty principle 460—461 474 see
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, insufficiency to prove stability of matter 264
Heisenberg-Mott analysis, Wilson cloud chamber experiment 485 486—489
Heliocentric model, of Copernicus 49
Helium stars, anthropic consequence of 253 399
Helium-4, formation at beginning of Universe 252 371 399
Helium-4, relative abundance 369 379 399
Helium-4, stellar burning reaction 252
Helmholtz, Hermann L. F. von, action principle 151
Helmholtz, Hermann L. F. von, Heat Death forecast by 166
Henderson, Lawrence J., fitness-of-environment concept 22 88 118n 124 143—148
Henderson, Lawrence J., impact of his ideas 147
Henderson, Lawrence J., on anomalous properties of water 143 524 532 533—534
Henderson, Lawrence J., Tennant's use of his arguments 182
Henderson, Lawrence J., unique properties of certain elements and compounds 124 143 510 524
Hero of Alexandria, law of reflection 110n 148
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram 336 337
Hicks, L.E. 29 144
Hidden variables 460 463
Hierarchy of causes 103—104
Higgs field 431 432
High-energy particle states, information stored in 671
Hilbert, D. 151
History, teleological interpretation 9—10 135—136
Hodge, Charles, on Darwinism 84
Holton, Gerald, scientific progress themata concept 11
Horizon problem, Leibniz's view 63
Horizon structure of Universe 419—420
Horizons, disappearance in anisotropic contracting universes 631—632
Hot Big Bang cosmological model 372—383
Hot Big Bang cosmological model, key times in 385—387
Hot Big Bang cosmological model, reason for name 401
Hoyle, Fred, bubble universe model 192
Hoyle, Fred, nuclear resonance studies 250—254
Hoyle, Fred, nuclear resonance studies, teleological conclusion 22
Hoyle, Fred, steady-state cosmological model 421
Hoyle-Narlikar (steady-state) cosmological model 601 616—627
Hubble constant 373 626
Hubble constant, present value 374
Hubble distance 626
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