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                    Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J. — Anthropic Cosmological Principle 
                  
                
                    
                        
                            
                                
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                                    Название:   Anthropic Cosmological PrincipleАвторы:   Barrow J.D., Tipler F.J. Аннотация:  Ever since Copernicus, scientists have continually adjusted their view of human nature, moving it further and further from its ancient position at the center of Creation. But in recent years, a startling new concept has evolved that places it more firmly than ever in a special position. Known as the Anthropic Cosmological Principle, this collection of ideas holds that the existence of intelligent observers determines the fundamental structure of the Universe. In its most radical version, the Anthropic Principle asserts that "intelligent information-processing must come into existence in the Universe, and once it comes into existence, it will never die out."
Язык:  Рубрика:  Физика /Статус предметного указателя:  Готов указатель с номерами страниц ed2k:   ed2k stats Год издания:  1986Количество страниц:  726Добавлена в каталог:  08.04.2009Операции:  Положить на полку  |
	 
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                    Предметный указатель 
                  
                
                    
                        Epistemological determinism 139 Epistemological reductionism 138 Epoch, uniqueness of 601 Equivalence principle 347 Erdoes, P., quoted 401 Eschatology 658 Essential traits, in evolution of Man 561—562 Euler, Leonhard, action principle 149 150 Eutaxiological arguments 88—89 Eutaxiological arguments compared to ideological arguments 29 144 Event horizon, formation of 636—637 Ever-expanding universe model 623 Everett Friends Paradox 468 470—471 Everett, H., many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics 8 249 472 Everett, H., reply to Einstein on split-universe model 476—477 Evolution of life, in far future 675—677 Evolution of Man, as crucial step 564 Evolution of Man, criteria for steps in 561—562 Evolution of Man, crucial steps in 562—564 Evolution of Man, improbability of spontaneous evolution 565—566 Evolution timescales, lower/upper bounds 643 Evolution timescales, lower/upper bounds effect of intelligent activity on 643—645 Evolutionary cosmological models 185—195 Evolving-universe theory, of Teilhard de Chardin 196 198 Excited states, atomic/molecular 301—302 321 Excited states, nuclear 321 Expanding Universe, Jeans' explanation 236—237 Expansion rate of Universe 18 Exponential inflation 432 Exponential inflation, results of 432—434 Extinction, avoided by machine descendants 595—596 Extinction, evolving species 615 Extraterrestrial intelligent (ETI) life, absent from Galaxy 590 Extraterrestrial intelligent (ETI) life, Carter's WAP formula invalid if found 569 Extraterrestrial intelligent (ETI) life, in Solar System 597—598 Extraterrestrial intelligent (ETI) life, space-time argument against 576—608 extraterrestrial life 14 Extraterrestrial life, Teilhard's views on 203 217 eye see also “Human eye” Eye, evolution necessary as crucial step in Man's evolution 564 Eye, independent 'invention' of 132 561 564 Falsifiability, as condition for scientific theory 198 Far future, study as separate branch of physics 658 Feinberg, G., definition of life 521 Fermat, P. de, reflection/refraction predictions 125 148—149 Fermi constant 294 354 Fermi coupling 294 Fermi, E., quoted, on extraterrestrial intelligent life 578 Feynman, Richard P. 151 152 Fichte, J.G. 153 Fichte, J.G., quoted 154 Fichte, J.G., subjective idealism 155 156 Fifth Way (of Thomas Aquinas) 47 Final Anthropic Principle (FAP), definition of 23 Final Anthropic Principle (FAP), event horizons in 668 Final Anthropic Principle (FAP), Participatory Anthropic Principle interpreted as 471 Final Anthropic Principle (FAP), requirement that life exists forever 659 Final Anthropic Principle (FAP), speculative nature of 23 Final Causes, Aristotelian view 38 39 Final Causes, Descartes' dismissal of concept 54 Final Causes, Henderson's concept 145 Final Causes, Paley's dislike of concept 76—77 Final Causes, separated from science by Francis Bacon 51—52 Final Causes, Whitehead's view 193—194 Final Observation 471 Final state of Universe 658—677 Final state of Universe, summary of 675—677 Fine structure constant, as controlling physical parameter 293 295 Fine structure constant, Eddington's combinatorical formulae 227 Fine structure constant, first postulated by Sommerfeld 223 Fine structure constant, gravitational analogue 293 336 Fine structure constant, lower and upper bounds in grand unified theories 358 359 Fine structure constant, numerical value of reciprocal 227 231 293 Fine structure constant, physical meaning of 298 Fine structure constant, relationship to gravitational interaction constant 358 Fine structure constant, stability influence 298 Fine structure constant, strong interaction analogue 295 319 Fine structure constant, Teller's relationship 230 239 Fine structure constant, Wyler's numerical coincidence 231 Finite state machine 661 First intelligent species to evolve, interstellar communication/exploration by 592—593 Fiske, John 85—86 Fitness of the Environment 118n 143 147 533 Flames, as living organisms 520 Flat Friedman universe 375 376 Flat Friedman universe, density inhomogeneities growth rate 415 Flat Friedman universe, galaxy growth in 428—429 Flat Friedman universe, isotropy criterion for 425 Flat Friedman universe, Penrose diagram for 633 Flat universes, cosmological expansion 650—651 Flat universes, energy sources in far future 665 Flat universes, human evolution not possible in 426 Flat universes, isotropy/anisotropy of 427—428 Flat-universe models 625 Flatness problem 410—421 432 501 Flavours (of quarks) 356 408 Flea jumping, as spurious design argument 119n Flew, Anthony 104 106 Fluctuation interpretation, Feynman's objection 177 Fluctuation interpretation, Second Law of Thermodynamics 176 177 Flying creatures, limitation on size 314—325 Foam model (of space-time) 353 Foliation, space-time 627 659 660 Fossil, Paley's discussion 78 Fourier, J.B.J., dimensional analysis used by 289 Fourier, J.B.J., heat conduction theory 160 Fourth dimension 260 Fox, S. W., experiment on spontaneous cell-wall formation 541 Free-expansion model, exploration/colonization 584—585 589 Free-market economic system, Hayek's description 99 140 Free-market economic system, Spencer's view 187 Friedman (oscillating closed universe) model 620 Friedman equation (for expc nsion of universe) 373 Friedman equation (for expc nsion of universe), solutions for 375—376 376 Friedman universes, Many-Worlds approach 490—496 Friedman universes, matter remaining in 649 Friedman's equation, revised for Einstein static universe 413 Frost, Robert, quoted 27 613 Fundamental constants of Nature 224—231 Fundamental constants of Nature, dimensionality effects 269 Fundamental constants of Nature, equilibrium states determined by 288 Fundamental constants of Nature, large scale features contingent upon 289 Fundamental constants of Nature, strong anthropic aspect to 367 Fundamental mass, in terms of Eddington number 226—227 278 Fusion, heats of, for various substances 536 Future age of biosphere 566 Future evolution of matter, in classical timescales 641—647 Future evolution of matter, in quantum timescales 647—658 Future histories 14 Future of Earth, Weak Anthropic Principle constraints 556—570 Future of Universe, global constraints on 621—641 Galaxies, cosmology for 387—397 Galaxies, density enhancement in 378 Galaxies, formation theory incomplete 396 Galaxies, mass-size relationship 290 Galaxies, possible formation processes for 388—390 Galaxy, age estimated 588 Galaxy, information content of 662 Galaxy, number of communicating civilizations, estimated as unity 588 Galaxy, number of intelligent species in 586—590 Galaxy, time required for exploration of 583 584 Galen 44 Galileo Galilei, on anthropocentric design arguments 50 Galileo Galilei, on marine creatures 313 Galileo Galilei, on size of living organisms 311 Gamow peak 330 331 Gamow, George, on origin of elements 398 Gamow, George, time-varying electron charge 240 Gas clouds, cooling of 389—390 Gas clouds, possible evolutionary sequence for 351 Gas clouds, protostar formation in 339 Gassendi, P. 57 Gauge theories 152 see “Grand “Stochastic” Gauge theories, Gaussian statistical distribution 256 Gauge theories, Geikie, Archibald, estimate of Earth's age 163 Gauge theories, genes, improbability of spontaneous assembly 565 575n Gauge theories, genetic code, development necessary as crucial step in Man's evolution 562 Gauge theories, geometrical factors, variation with dimension 270—272 Gauge theories, German professor (typical), quoted 510 Gauge theories, Gibbs'Phase Rule 147 Gauge theories, global constraints, on future of Universe 621—641 Gauge theories, global time, definability of 195 216 Gauge theories, glucose fermentation, development necessary as crucial step in Man's evolution 562 Gauge theories, sum-over-histories method for 152 Gluons, colour smearing by 408 Gluons, in unified theories 355 356 Goethe, J. W. von 82—83 Gold, T., quoted 408 Gold-Hoyle (steady-state) cosmological model 601 616 Goldman, Emma, quoted 590 Goodchild, J. G., estimate of Earth's age 164 Gosse, Philip, young Universe with ready-made fossils theory 428 Gott's bubble-universe model 192—193 605 607 Gould, S. J., quoted 92 Graham, W., quoted 84 Grand unified gauge theories 354—360 Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) 354 357 Grand unified theories (GUTs), energy scale of 357—358 Grand unified theories (GUTs), non-conservation of baryon number 357 403—404 Grand unified theories (GUTs), proton lifetimes in 648 Grand unified theories (GUTs), spontaneous symmetry-breaking 617 Gravitation potentials 262 Gravitation potentials, algebraic potential 263 Gravitation potentials, Yukawa-type potentials 262—263 Gravitational binding energy 327 Gravitational binding energy, balanced by thermal pressure 328 Gravitational binding energy, formula for 306 Gravitational clocks 237 Gravitational constant, numerical coincidence 336 Gravitational criterion, human existence 311—322 Gravitational entropy 445—449 Gravitational entropy, as antithesis of chaotic cosmology 446 Gravitational entropy, as argument against Strong Anthropic Principle 448 Gravitational entropy, definition of 447 Gravitational equilibrium 448 Gravitational radiation 643 Gravitinos 390 393 Gray, Asa 85 127 Great Chain of Being 128 189 Green's function, boundary conditions 498—499 Gregory, David, on Newton 61 Grene, M., on teleology 136 Grew, Nehemiah, design argument 63—64 Ground state energies, finity of 264 Gurevich, L., on dimensionality 259 265 Guth's inflationary universe model 430 H-Theorem 174 175 176 Haas, A., fundamental constants 228 Haas, A., quantum equation 223 Habitable planets, requirements for 309—310 Hadrons, formation at beginning of universe 371 Haldane, J.B.S., on anthropic-fluctuation interpretation of Second Law 176—177 Haldane, J.B.S., on dual timescales 244—245 Halos, galaxy/cluster 377 Halos, galaxy/cluster, possible particles for 391 Hamiltonian, atomic system 533 Hamiltonian, radiation gas 492 Hand see “Human hand” Hansen, Hans Marius, and Bohr's quantum theory 222 Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum 434 Hart, Michael, computer simulation of Earth's atmosphere 567—569 Hartle-Hawking quantum model 443—444 Hartle-Hawking wave function of the Universe 105 Hartle-Hawking wave function of the Universe, non-normalizability of 501 Hartshorne, Charles, definition of Universe 121n Hartshorne, Charles, on special relativity 194—195 Hartshorne, Charles, on speed of light limitation 195 Hartshorne, Charles, ontological argument defended by 108 Hartshorne, Charles, pantheistic approach 108 122n 195 Harvey, William, design argument approach 52—53 Hausdorff topology 636 Hawking foam space-time model 353 Hawking process, proton decay by 652 Hawking quantum cosmology 674 Hawking, S.W., black hole thermodynamics 224 445—446 Hawking, S.W., on boundary conditions of Universe 444 Hawking, S.W., on isotropy of Universe 419 423 426 Hawking, S.W., quoted, on Schrodinger's Cat Paradox 458 Hawking, S.W., removal of boundary conditions of Universe 449 Hawking, S.W., special initial conditions for evolution of Universe 250 Hawking-Moss 'new inflationary universe' model 431 Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems 621 Hayek, Fredrick A. 99—100 Hayek, indeterminate teleology 140 Hayek, spontaneous order of society 99—100 Hayek, unpredictability in social evolution 188 189 Heartbeats, number in a lifetime 315 316 Heat Death of Universe, Bergson's approach 190 Heat Death of Universe, Bernal's version 619 Heat Death of Universe, criticism of concept 617 Heat Death of Universe, dual timescales, effect on 245 Heat Death of Universe, Eddington's version 618 Heat Death of Universe, first forecast by Helmholtz 166 Heat Death of Universe, gravitational equilibrium as geometrical analogue of 448 Heat Death of Universe, Teilhard's treatment 168 197 201 Heats of fusion see “Fusion heats Heats of vaporization see “Vaporization heats Heavy elements, formation in Galaxy 587 Heavy water see “Deuterium oxide” Hegel, G.W.F. 157 Heisenberg uncertainty principle 460—461 474 see Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, insufficiency to prove stability of matter 264 Heisenberg-Mott analysis, Wilson cloud chamber experiment 485 486—489 Heliocentric model, of Copernicus 49 Helium stars, anthropic consequence of 253 399 Helium-4, formation at beginning of Universe 252 371 399 Helium-4, relative abundance 369 379 399 Helium-4, stellar burning reaction 252 Helmholtz, Hermann L. F. von, action principle 151 Helmholtz, Hermann L. F. von, Heat Death forecast by 166 Henderson, Lawrence J., fitness-of-environment concept 22 88 118n 124 143—148 Henderson, Lawrence J., impact of his ideas 147 Henderson, Lawrence J., on anomalous properties of water 143 524 532 533—534 Henderson, Lawrence J., Tennant's use of his arguments 182 Henderson, Lawrence J., unique properties of certain elements and compounds 124 143 510 524 Hero of Alexandria, law of reflection 110n 148 Hertzsprung-Russell diagram 336 337 Hicks, L.E. 29 144 Hidden variables 460 463 Hierarchy of causes 103—104 Higgs field 431 432 High-energy particle states, information stored in 671 Hilbert, D. 151 History, teleological interpretation 9—10 135—136 Hodge, Charles, on Darwinism 84 Holton, Gerald, scientific progress themata concept 11 Horizon problem, Leibniz's view 63 Horizon structure of Universe 419—420 Horizons, disappearance in anisotropic contracting universes 631—632 Hot Big Bang cosmological model 372—383 Hot Big Bang cosmological model, key times in 385—387 Hot Big Bang cosmological model, reason for name 401 Hoyle, Fred, bubble universe model 192 Hoyle, Fred, nuclear resonance studies 250—254 Hoyle, Fred, nuclear resonance studies, teleological conclusion 22 Hoyle, Fred, steady-state cosmological model 421 Hoyle-Narlikar (steady-state) cosmological model 601 616—627 Hubble constant 373 626 Hubble constant, present value 374 Hubble distance 626 
                            
                     
                  
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