Hofstadter D.R. — Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid :: Электронная библиотека попечительского совета мехмата МГУ

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Hofstadter D.R. — Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid

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Название: Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid

Автор: Hofstadter D.R.

Аннотация:

Twenty years after it topped the bestseller charts, Douglas R. Hofstadter's Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid is still something of a marvel. Besides being a profound and entertaining meditation on human thought and creativity, this book looks at the surprising points of contact between the music of Bach, the artwork of Escher, and the mathematics of Gödel. It also looks at the prospects for computers and artificial intelligence (AI) for mimicking human thought. For the general reader and the computer techie alike, this book still sets a standard for thinking about the future of computers and their relation to the way we think.

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Рубрика: Математика/Популярные издания/

Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц

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Год издания: 1979

Количество страниц: 757

Добавлена в каталог: 30.04.2005

Операции: Положить на полку | Скопировать ссылку для форума | Скопировать ID

Предметный указатель

Knowledge: encoded in ant colonies      319—328 359
Knowledge: explicit vs. implicit      617—618
Knowledge: modularity of      615—618 628
Knowledge: procedural vs. declarative      363—365 615—617 630 654
Koans      30 189—191 233—245 246—259 625—626
Koans: generated by computer      625—626
Koans: genuine vs. phony      234—235 239 242 244 427 625—626
Kronecker, Leopold      216
Kuhn, Thomas      660
Kupfergodel, Roman      394
Kyogen      244—245
La Mettrie, Julien Offroy de      3 27 729
Labeling technique      487—488 540—541
Lambert, J.H.      91 92 99
Lamp, meta-lamp. etc.      108—113 216
Language(s) as medium for proofs      88—90 195
Language(s) of bees      360
Language(s) of the brain      570
Language(s) on Rosetta stone      165
Language(s): acquisition of      170 294 302
Language(s): active meanings in      51—52
Language(s): Arabic      623—624
Language(s): Chinese      164 665 676
Language(s): collage of      see “Scripts”
Language(s): computers and      130—134 300—301 363 586—593 599—600 601—603 619—632 674—675 721
Language(s): effect on thought      376—377
Language(s): English      169 372—373 377 379—380 619—632 674—675
Language(s): flexibility of      649 674—675
Language(s): French      297 366—368 372—373 377 501 618
Language(s): German      366—368 372—373 380 665
Language(s): Hebrew      xviii 377
Language(s): hierarchy of      22
Language(s): imprecise      674—675
Language(s): invisible isomorphisms and      82
Language(s): Japanese      169
Language(s): necessary underpinning of      324
Language(s): partitions between      671
Language(s): procedural grammars for      131—134 619—632
Language(s): reading meaning into computer-produced      599—600 625
Language(s): Russian      297 379—380 642
Language(s): self-refs in      431—437 495—498 501 “Translation” etc.)
Lashley, Karl      342 343 348
Lateral geniculate      343—344
Layers of deception      478
Layers of messages      166—171 524 703—704
Layers of stability      643—645
Leakage, between levels of science      305—306
Legendre, Adrien-Marie      92
Lehninger, Albert      504
Leibniz, Wilhelm Gottfried      24—25 600
Lemmas      227
Lenat, Douglas      615
Lengthening and shortening rules: decision procedures and      48—49 182 407—408
Lengthening and shortening rules: MIU-system and      39—40 260—261 264 613
Lengthening and shortening rules: TNT and      213 266 269 “Problem
Leonardo of Pisa      see “Fibonacci”
Lermontov, Mikhail      642
Level-conflicts between object language and metalanguage      194 449—450
Level-conflicts in Aunt Hillary      330 630
Level-conflicts in messages      164 170 699—704
Level-conflicts in mind/brain      575—578
Level-conflicts in SHRDLU      630
Level-confusion in art      see “2-D vs. 3-D”
Level-confusion in computer systems      287 291 295 300—302 308
Level-confusion in Propositional Calculus      185 194
Level-confusion of Kimian self-rep      503
Level-confusion: ants and      see “Ants vs. ant colonies”
Level-confusion: authorship and      3 608 720—726
Level-confusion: minds/brains and      287 575—577
Level-confusion: self and      709
Level-confusion: subjunc-TV and      608
Level-crossing, in thought      666 668
Level-mixing in genetics      509—510 513—514 546—548
Level-shifting, conceptual      see “Abstraction levels
Levels in Escher      11—15 689—691 715—716
Levels in intermediate      302—303 317 324 532 632
Levels in radio news      128
Levels in recursive processes      128—129
Levels of computer languages      290—299
Levels of description of ant colonies      315—333
Levels of description of brain      349—350 382 559 570—577 584—585
Levels of description of caste distribution      319—329
Levels of description of chess boards      285—286
Levels of description of errors      294—295
Levels of description of gases      308
Levels of description of human body      285
Levels of description of human psyche      287
Levels of description of mental processes      568—573 575—578 584—585
Levels of description of programs      294—295 380—381
Levels of description of television screen      285 (see also “Holism vs. reductionism”)
Levels of irreality      243 641
Levels of meaning in ant colonies      319—327
Levels of meaning in Contracrostipunctus      82—85
Levels of meaning in Epimenides paradox      496 581 584—585
Levels of meaning of DNA      160 531—532 665
Levels of meaning of groove-patterns      83—84
Levels of meaning of Mumon      248
Levels of meaning of music      162—163
Levels of meaning of neural activity      575—577
Levels of meaning of TNT strings      266 270—271
Levels of MU-picture      311—313 328—329 525—526
Levels of particles      305
Levels of reality      15 103—125 128—129 184—185 481 493 640 725—726 737 739
Levels of rules in thought      26—27
Levels of structure of enzymes      510—511 519 521 525—527 532
Levels of structure of music      525
Levels: distinct vs. similar      285 287
Levels: haziness of      13—15 546—548 715—716
Liar paradox      see “Epimenides paradox”
Liberation (Escher)      57—58 65
Lightning calculators      see “Idiots savants”
Limericks      483 736
Limitative results, in general      19 74 609 697 699
Lincoln, Abraham      454
Lines, geometrical      19—20 90—93 100 222 452 456
Lisp      293 381 626 652 692 738—739
List of All Great Mathematicians      404 422
Little Harmonic Labyrinth (Bach)      121—123 129 130
Little Harmonic Labyrinth (Dialogue)      127 128—130 149 216 610—611
Little Harmonic Labyrinth (of Majotaur)      119—125
Littlewood, J.E.      564
Lizards      108—109 110 115—117 125
Lobachevskiy, Nikolay      91
Local vs. global properties      21 160 359 363 371—375 545 582—584 678
Localization of knowledge, in brains and programs      342 348 365 617—618
Lockwood, Anna      700
Logic      19—24 43—45 99—100 177—180 181—197 461—464 618—619
Loocus the Thinker      477
Look-ahead trees      151 604—605 611 712
Loops in music      150
Loops in programming      149—150 410—414 424—425 503 632
Loops: bounded      149 410—414 418 440—441 444
Loops: free      149 424—425
Lottery      639—640
Lovelace, Lady Ada Augusta      25 307 598
Lower levels      see “Substrate mental”
Lowest-level rules embodied in hardware      685—686
Lucas sequence      139 152 174
Lucas' argument: counterarguments to      475—477 577—578
Lucas' argument: merits of      472
Lucas' argument: summarized      471—473
Lucas, J.R.      388—390 471—473 475 476 477 574 577—578 597
M-mode      see “Mechanical mode”
MacGillavry, Caroline      667
Machine dependence and independence      294
Machine language      289—300 306 381 547
Machines: not the sum of their parts      389—390
Machines: reflecting on themselves      288—289
Machines: self-assembling      160 486 504 543 545
MacLaine, Shirley      285

Macroscopic effects from microscopic causes      307—308
Macsyma      615
Madstop      727
Magnetic field and crystal      140—143
Magnificat in D (Bach)      549 552 558
Magnificrab, indeed      560 574 581
Magritte, Rene      480—481 489 493—494 627 700—702 705—706
Magritte, Rene: paintings by      see “List of Illustrations” (xiv—xviii)
Mahalanobis, P.C.      565
Main theses of book      26 46 559 714
Majotaur      119—121 123—125
Malaphors      657
Mandelbrot, Benoit      71
Manifestations of symbols      351
Mao Tse-tung      433
Mappings: charted      85 449 533 536
Mappings: induced      668—669 671—672
Marbles, rolling      711—712
Margie-balloon story      675
Materialism, champions of      27 729
Mathematical logic, history of      19—24
Mathematical view of brains      559
Mathematicians      458—459 559 566 614
Mathematics: done by computers      573 602 614—615
Mathematics: foundations of      19—24
Mathematics: reality and      54—58 456—459
Mathews, Max      607—608
McCarthy, John      293
McCulloch, Warren      134
Meaning as multidimensional cognitive structure      582—584
Meaning in formal systems      see “Interpretations”
Meaning in music      83 160 161 162—164 167 172 174—175 227 582—584 626—627 676—677 699—700 704
Meaning of Contracrostipunctus      82—85
Meaning of DNA      160 531—532 665
Meaning: as optional high-level feature      571
Meaning: built on triggering-patterns of symbols      325 327 350
Meaning: carried only on symbol level      324—327 330 350 709—710
Meaning: codes and      82 158—162 164—167 267
Meaning: explicit vs. implicit      82—85 158—176 495—500 583
Meaning: intelligence and      158 162—164 170—176 501 661—662
Meaning: intrinsic      see “Meaning explicit
Meaning: location of      153—157 158—176 408—409 582—584
Meaning: multiple      8 10 52—53 82—85 94—102 153—157 158 172 266—267 271 409 447—448 524 532 666
Meaning: objective      see “Meaning explicit
Meaning: passive vs. active      51—52 94 97 100 102 191—192 266 267 271 456
Meaning: purpose and      321—332
Meaning: rooted in isomorphisms      49—53 87—88 94 267 337 350
Meaning: unnecessary on evolutionary time scale      321—322
Meaningless vs. meaningful interpretations      51 88
Meaninglessness, in an and music      699—700 704—705
Meat grinders      414
Mechanical mode      38—39 65 194 221 613—614
Mechanization of thought processes      see “AI formal etc.
Meiosis      665 672
Melodies: lime-shared      385
Melodies: recall of      363—364
memory dump      381
Memory, in computers      288—289 546 616
Men vs. women      477 595—596
Mendel, Arthur      3 28
Mental Arithmetic (Magritte)      627
Mention      see “Use vs. mention”
Menzel, Adolph von      4—5
Meredith, Marsha      625
Mergenthaler, Otto      630
Message-passing languages      662—663
Messages      154 158—176
Messages from nature      408—409 (see also “Frame message” “Inner “Outer
Messages in ant colonies      350
Messages in bottles      167—169 524
Messages: layers of      166—171 524 703—704
Messenger RNA      see “mRNA”
Messenger, for koans      235—236 238
META      216—217 224
Meta-agnosticism      114
Meta-analogy      673—674
Meta-answer-schema      463
Meta-author      607—609 726
Meta-descriptions      656—657 674
Meta-evidence, etc.      693—694
Meta-Genie      see “Genie”
Meta-hiccups      726
Meta-intuition      605
META-JOSHU, etc      443
Meta-proteins      533—534
Meta-search      397
Meta-symbols      560
Meta-TNT, etc.      442—443 533—534
Meta-wishes      see “Wishes”
Metahook      22
Metaknowledge      364
Metalanguage      22 184 194 248 270 514
Metalogic      23 676
Metamathematics      23 579
Metamathematics: reflected inside TNT      449—450
Metamorphosis (Escher)      14—15
Metaphase      666—667
Metaphor      672
Metarules, etc.: in chess      687—688
Metarules, etc.: in intelligence      26—27 559 684—685
Metatheorems      193—194
Metatheory, formalized      194
Meteorites      167 172
Methylation      540—541
Metric, mental      613 614
Meyer, Leonard B.      167 704
Michelangelo      642
Microprogramming      295
Minds vs. brains      309 575—577 “Intelligence” etc.)
Minds: overlap of      376
Minds: programmability of      302 679 “Paradox “Tesler's “Nonprogrammability”)
Minds: thoughts and      369—390
Minds: two ways of creating      390
Mini-vocabulary      647
Minsky, Marvin      373 388 644 679 722
Mirroring      see “Isomorphisms” “Representation”
Misspelling and computers      297—298
MIU+MU-system      466
MIU-numbers      264—267 (see also “Theorem-numbers”)
MIU-system      33—41 46 47 48 52 191 260—267
MIU-system as model for TNT      439—442 466
MIU-system: table of rules of      260
Modes of fugue-listening      282—284
Modularity      149—150 615—618 628 677—678 “Local
Modulation      10 121—123 129—130 466 501 717 739
Modules in brain      see “Symbols”
modus ponens      see “Detachment”
Moebius Strip I (Escher)      29—30
Moebius Strip II (Escher)      276
Molecular biology      504 514—548
Mondrian, Piet      700
Monkeys, vision of      345—346
Monod, Jacques      161
Morphogenesis      539 543—544
Mosaic II (Escher)      61—63
Mountain-car wreck story      338—339 361 365
Mozart, W.A.      649 702
mRNA      517—520 522—525 527—528 530—533 536 545 547 662 663
Mu Offering, A.      272 628
MU, as possible theorem of MIU-system      33—41 229 259—261 265—267 271 708
MU, Zen word      233 241 246 254 259 272 311 312—313 328
MU-LOOP (FlooP)      424—425 441
Mu-operator      424
MU-picture      283—284 310—313 327 328—329 525—526
MU-puzzle      33—41 259—261 509—510 613—614
Multifurcation of TNT      467
Multiple representations      616—618 670—671 674
Multiplication      54—56 64—65 206 409 455 566 567
Mumon      242 246 248—249 253 259 260 272
MUMON, string of TNT      265—267 271 441—442

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