Keys (cryptographic), key management 933
Keys (cryptographic), single database key approach 933
Keys (cryptographic), single key per row approach 934
Label delimiters (<< >>) 65
labels 77
Labels, as targets for GOTO statements 98
Labels, as targets for GOTO statements, NULL after 99
Labels, loop 115
Large objects see "LOBs"
Last function 341
LAST function, member-method syntax 342
LAST function, using (example) 347
LEAST function 224
LEAST function, linguistic sorting and 200
length function 224 1042
LENGTH function, passing string constants to 196
LENGTHB function 1046
Lexical units 66
Lexical units, error caused by whitespace in 70
LIMIT clause for BULK COLLECT 824 844
Limit function 347
Line breaks, IF statements and 83
Line numbers (compilation unit) 1003
linefeed character 197
Linux, ed editor 35
Linux, killing a process 107
Linux, opening files, specifying locations for 878
Linux, retrieving SSL-encrypted web page via HTTPS 908
Lists, collections of 382
Lists, returned by DDL trigger attribute functions 680
Literals 70—74
Literals, avoiding hardcoding of 645
literals, Boolean 73
Literals, date and timestamp 291
Literals, embedding single quotes within 72
Literals, NULLs 71
literals, numeric 73
LOBs (large objects) 170
LOBs (large objects), BFILEs 410—415
LOBs (large objects), conversion functions 425
LOBs (large objects), datatypes 400
LOBs (large objects), empty versus NULL 405
LOBs (large objects), encrypting 930
LOBs (large objects), examples, table definition for 401
LOBs (large objects), function return values containing 814
LOBs (large objects), internal and external 401
LOBs (large objects), locators 403
LOBs (large objects), native LOB operations 421
LOBs (large objects), native LOB operations, performance impact of SQL semantics 424
LOBs (large objects), native LOB operations, SQL semantics for 421
LOBs (large objects), native LOB operations, temporary LOBs yielded by SQL semantics 423
LOBs (large objects), Oracle documentation for 404
LOBs (large objects), reading from 409
LOBs (large objects), retrieving web page into a LOB 905
LOBs (large objects), SecureFiles 930
LOBs (large objects), SecureFiles versus BasicFiles 415
LOBs (large objects), temporary 417—421
LOBs (large objects), writing into 407—409
Local modules 590—595
Local modules, benefits of using 591
Local modules, benefits of using, improving readability 592
Local modules, benefits of using, reducing code volume 591
Local modules, forward declaration of 601
Local modules, scope of 594
Local modules, sprucing up your code with 594
Local variables, normalization of 181
Local variables, synchronization with database columns 180
localization see "Globalization and localization"
LOCALTIMESTAMP function 272
Locators (LOB) 403
Locators (LOB), BFILE locator 411
Locators (LOB), creating BFILE locator 411
Locators (LOB), LOCK TABLE statements 454
Locators (LOB), temporary LOBs yielded by application of SQL semantics 423
Locking, releasing locks with COMMIT statement 494
Locking, using SELECT FOR UPDATE statement 492
Logging, building autonomous logging mechanism 459
Logging, errors, then continuing past error 149
LOGOFF triggers 683 686
LOGON triggers 683 685 965
long datatype 170 401
LONG RAW datatype 173 401
LOOP keyword 104
Loop Killer package 792
Loops 8 101—123
Loops, avoiding infinite loops 792
Loops, CONTINUE statement 13 116
Loops, cursor FOR loop 112—115
Loops, FOR loop 102
Loops, infinite loop 106
Loops, labels 115
Loops, listing of loop types with descriptions 101
Loops, numeric FOR loop 109—112
Loops, runtime optimization of fetch loops 798
Loops, simple loop 102 104—108
Loops, SQL statement as 122
Loops, structure of 103
Loops, tips on writing 119—123
Loops, tips on writing, exiting properly 120
Loops, tips on writing, getting execution information on FOR loops 121
Loops, tips on writing, understandable names for indexes 119
Loops, WHILE loop 103 108
Lovelace, Ada xxvii
LOWER function 199 225
LP AD function 204 225
LTRIM function 206 225
MACs (message authentication codes) 940
Main transaction 454
Managing code see "Code management"
Many-to-many (MM) relationships 1096
MAP method 1111 1112
Mcode 1027
MD5 (Message Digest) 939
Member methods 1079
Member-method syntax, collection methods 342
Membership, testing nested table collections for 389
Memory, analyzing usage 783
Memory, cached packaged data memory versus CPU 629
Memory, database instance memory and PL/SQL 1009—1027
Memory, database instance memory and PL/SQL, cursors and 1011
Memory, database instance memory and PL/SQL, PGA, UGA, and CGA 1010
Memory, database instance memory and PL/SQL, reducing memory use 1013—1024
Memory, database instance memory and PL/SQL, running out of memory 1024
Memory, serialized packages and 641
Merge operations, tuning with pipelined functions 846—848
MERGE statements 441 443
Message authentication codes (MACs) 940
Method chaining 1086
METHODS 1076 1079
Methods, collection 341—350
Methods, constructor 1079
Methods, invoking supertype methods from subtype 1084
Methods, member 1079
Microsoft 25 see
Microsoft, ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) 46
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 898
MIME types 899
MOD function 112
modular code 566
Modular code, forward declarations 601
Modular code, functions 571—579
Modular code, local or nested modules 590—595
Modular code, module overloading 595—601
Modular code, parameters 579—590
Modular code, procedures 567
modularization 566
Modularization, importance of 616
Module names, qualifying identifer names with 62
Monolingual sort 1051
MONTHS_BETWEEN function 303
| multibyte characters 1034 1045
Multilevel collections see "Collections multilevel"
Multilingual data retrieval 1054—1059
Multilingual sort 1053
Multiset operations on nested tables see "Nested tables"
MULTISET pseudo-function 384
MULTISET pseudo-function, MULTISET UNION 392
Name conflicts in variables or constants 740
Named blocks 53 56
Named exceptions 127
Named exceptions, declaring 128
Named exceptions, system exceptions 132
Named notation, associating actual and formal parameters 586
Named notation, associating actual and formal parameters, benefits of named notation 587
Naming conventions for program data 167
narrowing 1091
National character set datatypes 1036
Native compilation 1027
Native compilation, new features in Oracle Database 11g 14
Native dynamic SQL see "NDS"
NCHAR datatype 170 191 1036
NCHAR datatype, NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET 1035
NCLOBs (NLS Character Large Objects) 170 400 1036
NCLOBs (NLS Character Large Objects), creating empty NCLOBs 406
NDS (native dynamic SQL) 514—525
NDS (native dynamic SQL), binding variables 525—529
NDS (native dynamic SQL), dynamic PL/SQL 531—535
NDS (native dynamic SQL), EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement 514—517
NDS (native dynamic SQL), OPEN FOR statement 517—523
NDS (native dynamic SQL), recommendations for 535—542
NDS (native dynamic SQL), recommendations for, errors 536
NDS (native dynamic SQL), recommendations for, minimizing danger of code injection 540—542
NDS (native dynamic SQL), recommendations for, using binding instead of concatenation 538
NDS (native dynamic SQL), recommendations for, using invoker rights for shared programs 535
NDS (native dynamic SQL), working with objects and collections 529—531
Nested blocks 57
Nested modules see "Local modules"
Nested programs, scope and visibility of variables 64
nested tables 331
Nested tables, changing characteristics of 354
Nested tables, collection using 332
Nested tables, comparison to other table types 340
Nested tables, database-to-PL/SQL integration 358
Nested tables, declaring and initializing collection variables of type 355
Nested tables, declaring nested table collection type 353
Nested tables, INSTEAD OF triggers on 696
Nested tables, multiset operations on 387—393
Nested tables, multiset operations on, checking element membership 390
Nested tables, multiset operations on, handling duplicates 392
Nested tables, multiset operations on, high-level set operations 390
Nested tables, multiset operations on, testing equality and membership 389
Nested tables, using as column datatype 339
NEW pseudo-records 326 653
NEW pseudo-records, working with, in DML triggers 658
NEXT function 341 348
NLS (National Language Support) 1034
NLS Character Large Objects see "NCLOBs"
NLS Large Objects see "NCLOBs"
NLS settings for datetimes 297
NLS settings, determining by querying NLS_SESSION_PARAMETERS 192
NLS settings, NLS_CALENDAR parameter 1063
NLS settings, NLS_COMP parameter 199
NLS settings, NLS_CURRENCY parameter 1064
NLS settings, NLS_DATE_FORMAT parameter 279 289
NLS settings, NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE parameter 1062
NLS settings, NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS parameter 192 1047
NLS settings, NLS_SORT parameter 199
NLS settings, NLS_SORT parameter, monolingual values 1052
NLS settings, NLS_SORT parameter, multilingual values 1053
NLS settings, NLS_TERRITORY parameter 281
NLS settings, passing to TO_CHAR function 256
NLS settings, passing to TO_NUMBER function 250
NLS settings, session parameters, listed 1037
NLSSORT function 226 1051
NLS_INITCAP function 225
NLS_LOWER function 226
NLS_UPPER function 226
NO WAIT keyword, using with LOCK TABLE 454
NOCOPY parameter mode hint 589 867—870
NOCOPY parameter mode hint, compile-time warnings about 739 741 745
NOCOPY parameter mode hint, downside of 869
NOCOPY parameter mode hint, performance benefits of 868
NOCOPY parameter mode hint, restrictions on 868
Non-blank-padding comparison 220
Nongreedy quantifiers in regular expressions 217
Normalization of local variables 181
Normalization, interval values 297
NOT FINAL keyword 1076
NOT INSTANTIABLE keyword 1077
NOT operator 259
Notepad editor 35
NO_DATA_FOUND exception 156
NO_DATA_FOUND exception, definition in STANDARD package 989
NO_DATA_FOUND exception, raised by implicit cursor SELECT statement 473
null statements 98
NULL statements, improving readability with 99
NULL statements, using after GOTO statement label 99
NULLs 71 172
NULLs in Boolean expressions 82
NULLs, Boolean variables as, implications for IF...THEN...ELSE statements 396
NULLs, collection 1120
NULLs, comparing NULL records 325
NULLs, empty strings as 218
NULLs, equality check for nested tables 390
NULLs, NULL LOB 405
NULLs, passing as bind arguments 528
NULLs, UNKNOWN versus 91
NUMBER datatype 73 171 232
NUMBER datatype, constraining precision and scale 233
NUMBER datatype, converting strings and IEEE-754 floating-point types to 247—251
NUMBER datatype, dealing with money 242
NUMBER datatype, mixing with other floating-point types 245
NUMBER datatype, negative scale values 235
NUMBER datatype, performance, BlNARY_DOUBLE versus 243
NUMBER datatype, range of 237
NUMBER datatype, rounding of values 234
NUMBER datatype, using for floating-point numbers 241
Number format models 1209
Number format models, CAST function and 257
Number format models, using with TO_CHAR function 252
Number format models, using with TO_NUMBER function 249
Number format models, using with TO_NUMBER function, passing NLS settings 250
Number format models, V element 253
Numbers, conversions 247—259
Numbers, conversions, implicit conversions 257
Numbers, conversions, using CAST function 256
Numbers, conversions, using TO_CHAR function 251—256
Numbers, conversions, using TO_NUMBER function 247—251
Numbers, converting to intervals 293
NUMERIC datatype 247
numeric datatypes 231
Numeric datatypes, BINARY_DOUBLE 241
Numeric datatypes, BINARY_FLOAT 241
Numeric datatypes, BINARY_INTEGER 239
Numeric datatypes, NUMBER 232
Numeric datatypes, overloading with 600
Numeric datatypes, PLS_INTEGER 237
Numeric datatypes, SIMPLE_INTEGER 239
Numeric datatypes, subtypes 246
Numeric FOR loops 109—112
Numeric FOR loops, examples of 111
Numeric FOR loops, nontrivial increments 112
Numeric FOR loops, rules for 110
numeric functions 260—265
Numeric functions, quick reference 261—265
Numeric functions, rounding and truncation 260
Numeric functions, trigonometric 261
numeric literals 70 73
numeric operators 259
NUMTOYMINTERVAL function 293
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