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| Sverdrup H.U., Johnson M.W., Fleming R.H. — The Oceans: their physics, chemistry, and general biology |
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| Предметный указатель |
Absorptioa coefficients for dissolved gases 190 191 202
Absorption of radiation see "Radiation"
Abyssal-benthic zone 277
Abyssal-benthic zone, animals of 805—810
Accessory growth factors 769
Adaptations to planktonic existence 764r-766 821—823
Adiabatic temperature distribution, Mindanao Trench 739
Adiabatic temperature gradient 63 64
Advection, definition of 157
Agulhas Stream 696
Air-borne material in sediments 955
Aleutian Current 722 723
Algae, benthic, distribution of 290 291 293 295 782
Algae, blue-green 288—290
Algae, brown 291—294
Algae, coralline 290 295 855
Algae, green 290—291
Algae, red 294—295
Algae, yellow-green 295—302
Alkalinity 195—198
Alkalinity, distribution 208—210
Alkalinity, relation to calcium carbonate content 1000 1001
Allogenic minerals in sediments 987
Alternation of generations, animals 306 319—320
Alternation of generations, plants 290 292 294
Aluminum 182
Ammonia, distribution in oceans 243 244
Ammonia, produced on sea bottom 995
Ammonia, role in nitrogen cycle 256 257
Ammonia, seasonal variation 252 253
Amphidromic point 557 558
Anchoring, in deep sea 361 362
Angular velocity of earth’s rotation 433
Animal exclusion, hypothesis of 900
Animal population 303
Animal population, diversity of 282
Animal population, ecological groups, benthos 280 800
Animal population, ecological groups, nekton 281 810
Animal population, ecological groups, zooplankton 281 812
Animal population, synopsis of 304—314
Animals and the environmental factors 823—873
Animals and the environmental factors, dispersal by 858
Animals and the environmental factors, light 824
Animals and the environmental factors, light, color correlations 824r-830
Animals and the environmental factors, light, structural correlations 830—833
Animals and the environmental factors, light, vertical migrations 835—839
Animals and the environmental factors, maintenance of endemic population by 863—865
Animals and the environmental factors, ocean currents 858—869
Animals and the environmental factors, oxygen 869
Animals and the environmental factors, oxygen, anaerobic conditions 871
Animals and the environmental factors, oxygen, consumption of 852 853 870 873
Animals and the environmental factors, salinity 839—843
Animals and the environmental factors, salinity, a selective agency 840
Animals and the environmental factors, salinity, euryhalinity 840
Animals and the environmental factors, salinity, size and 842
Animals and the environmental factors, salinity, stenohalinity 839
Animals and the environmental factors, temperature 843—858
Animals and the environmental factors, temperature, effect of freezing 844
Animals and the environmental factors, temperature, influence on calcium precipitation 853
Animals and the environmental factors, temperature, influence on geographic distribution 845
Animals and the environmental factors, temperature, influence on metabolism 852
Animals and the environmental factors, temperature, influence on reproduction 845—849 857
Animals and the environmental factors, temperature, influence on size 855—857
Animals and the environmental factors, temperature, influence on speciation 867—869
Annelida, reproduction 321
Annelida, synopsis 308
Antarctic circumpolar current 613—621
Antarctic Circumpolar Water 607 610—611
Antarctic Circumpolar Water, renewal 620
Antarctic convergence 139
Antarctic Convergence, biology of 809 941 942
Antarctic Convergence, formation 618
Antarctic Convergence, location 606 607
Antarctic Intermediate Water 139 608
Antarctic Intermediate Water, formation 619
Antarctic Intermediate Water, Indian Ocean 691 692 697
Antarctic Intermediate Water, North Atlantic 670 685 686
Antarctic Intermediate Water, South Atlantic 626 627 629
Antarctic Intermediate Water, South Pacific 699—701
Antarctic Intermediate Water, spreading of 139 744 745
Antarctic Ocean, bottom topography 32
Antarctic Ocean, currents 613—621
Antarctic Ocean, oxygen distribution 621—623
Antarctic Ocean, water masses 605—613
Antilles Current 672 675
Aragonite 998 1027
Arctic Intermediate Water, North Atlantic 670 685 686
Arctic Intermediate Water, Pacific 717 718
Arctic Intermediate Water, Pacific, formation 722
Arctic Intermediate Water, spreading 745
Arctic plankton 856 868
Argon 189
Arsenic 183
Arthropoda, reproduction 322—324
Arthropoda, synopsis 309
Artificial sea water 185 186
Ascendant, definition of 156
Associations of organisms 880—882
Associations of organisms, commensalism 881
Associations of organisms, environmental associations 880
Associations of organisms, parasitism 882
Associations of organisms, symbiosis 881
Atlantic Ocean see also "North Atlantic" "South
Atlantic Ocean, boundaries 11
Atlantic Ocean, equatorial region 631—637
Atlantic Ocean, equatorial region, currents 632—637
Atlantic Ocean, equatorial region, water masses 631 632
Atlantic Ocean, oxygen distribution 210 686 748
Atlantic Ocean, tides 581—585
Atmosphere, composition of 189
Authigenic minerals in sediments 1027
Authigenic minerals in sediments, frequency of occurrence 987
Auxospores 298
Bacteria, aerobic, in sediments 212 996
Bacteria, anaerobic, in sediments 212 996
Bacteria, bottom deposits, effect on 917—918
Bacteria, collection and analysis of 383
Bacteria, denitrifying 257
Bacteria, distribution in the sea 918—920
Bacteria, importance in sedimentation 995
Bacteria, importance to precipitation of iron compounds 1032
Bacteria, in the Black Sea 871
Bacteria, modes of life 910 913
Bacteria, modes of life, autotrophic 910
Bacteria, modes of life, heterotrophic 911
Bacteria, modes of life, oxygen relations 913 917
Bacteria, nitrifying 256
Bacteria, occurrence in sediments 1016
Bacteria, possible role in petroleum formation 996
Bacteria, structure and reproduction 908—910
Bacteria, used to determine organic carbon 249—251
Bacteria, utilizers of dissolved organic matter 911—913
Baffin Bay, bottom topography 30
Baffin Bay, water masses 663—665
Baltic Sea 657—658
Barite concretions 952 1033
Barium 183
Barnacles, reproduction of 324 326
Barriers, faunal see "Zoogeography"
Base-exchange in clay minerals 988 990
Base-exchange in clay minerals, importance to flocculation 958
Basin water 147
Basin water, plant nutrients 246 1028
Basin water, stagnating 1026 1028
Basins 23 26
Basins with inflow across the sill 148 149
Basins with outflow across the sill 147 148
Basins, adjacent seas 37 38 736 738
Basins, sediments in 1026 1028
Bathythermograph 352
| Bay of Fundy, tidal currents 569
Bay of Fundy, tides 562 563
Beach, deposits, character 1023
Beach, deposits, composition 1022
Beach, deposits, texture 1019—1023
Beach, deposits, texture, relation to slope of beach 1018 1019
Beach, equilibrium state 44
Beach, terminology 43 44
Benguela current 627—629
Benthic environment and its subdivisions 275—278
Benthic organisms, importance of to texture of sediments 997
Benthos 280
Benthos, biological factors in the concentration of 907—908
Benthos, collection of 374r-375
Benthos, deep-sea 805—810
Benthos, littoral 800—805
Benthos, vertical distribution of 806—807
Bering Sea 732 733
Bering Strait, currents of 665 723
Biocycles 274
Biological faotors influencing movements and concentrations of organisms 898—908
Bioluminescence 300 304 814 833—835
Biosphere 274
Biotype 279
Biotype, facies of 280
Biotype, inhabitants of 280 879
Bipolarity 849—850 868
Birds dependent upon the sea 313 942
Bjerknes’ theorem of circulation 460—462
Black Sea 649—651
Black Sea, biology of 871—872
Black Sea, lamination in sediments 1040
Body fluids, composition 232 270
Body fluids, osmotic relationships 269 272
Body fluids, osmotic relationships, control of 271
Body fluids, relation to sea water 269
Bolting cloth 377 378
Boric acid, influence of on alkalinity 198 199
Boron 180
Bosporus, currents of 650
Bottom samplers 344—347 375
Bottom topography, illustrated 18 30 32 34 35
Bottom topography, influence on currents 466—469
Bottom topography, large-scale features 23 27—30
Bottom topography, maximum depths 18 19
Bottom topography, nomenclature 25—27
Bottom topography, profiles 17 18
Bottom topography, representation of 16
Bottom water of the oceans 745—754
Bottom water, formation of 138 139
Bottom water, formation of, Antarctic 611 612
Bottom water, formation of, Irminger Sea 682 683
Bottom water, formation of, Labrador Sea 664
Bottom water, formation of, Mediterranean 645 646
Bottom water, formation of, Norwegian Sea 656 657
Bottom water, potential temperature of 749
Boundary condition, dynamic 441
Boundary condition, kinematic 424
Boundary surface, slope of 444
Boundary waves see "Internal waves"
Bowen ratio 117
Brachiopoda synopsis 308
Brandt’s theory of phytoplankton growth 768 784
Brazil current 628 629
Bromine 179
Browsing animals 895—896
Bryozoa synopsis 308
Buffer action of sea water 195 202
Buffer action of sea water, ecological importance 268
By-the-wind sailer see "Velella"
Calanus, abundance correlated with herring catches 906—907
Calanus, abundance correlated with whale catches 905
Calanus, biology of, in the Gulf of Maine 864
Calanus, feeding mechanism 886—887
Calanus, oxygen consumption by 853 870 873
Calanus, reproduction 322—323 903
Calanus, vertical migrations 836—837
Calcareous material in sediments see also "Calcium carbonate"
Calcareous material in sediments, organisms contributing to 950
Calcareous oozes see also "Pelagic sediments" 972
Calcareous oozes, areas covered by 975 977 978
Calcite 998 1027
Calcium 178 179
Calcium carbonate, factors controlling organic precipitation 999 1000
Calcium carbonate, inorganic precipitation 208 998
Calcium carbonate, percentage in sediments 998—1008
Calcium carbonate, percentage in sediments, as function of depth 1004 1005
Calcium carbonate, percentage in sediments, distribution 1002—1008
Calcium carbonate, percentage in sediments, factors controlling 1007 1008
Calcium carbonate, solubility 205—208
Calcium carbonate, solution near bottom 1001
Calcium carbonate, supply to sediments 1000
Calcium, deposition by animals 304—306 853—855
Calcium, deposition by plants 290 301 855
California current 724—727
California Current, annual variation of temperature 131 132
California Current, comparison with Peru Current 725
California Current, off Southern California 454
Canyons, sediments in 1024 1026
Canyons, submarine, character 39—41
Canyons, submarine, formation 41 42
Carbon 179
Carbon dioxide as a limiting factor 768
Carbon dioxide as a measure of production 768
Carbon dioxide, distribution 208—210
Carbon dioxide, exchange with atmosphere 203
Carbon dioxide, importance to deposition of calcium carbonate 1000 1001
Carbon dioxide, methods of determination 192 193
Carbon dioxide, partial pressure 201—203
Carbon dioxide, solubility 190 191 202
Carbon dioxide, system 197—202
Carbon dioxide, utilization of, by plants 768
Carbon in sediments 1010 1011
Carbon, cycle of 916
Carbon, organic 248—251
Carbon, ratio to nitrogen 1010
Carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus ratio 236 237 931
Carbonic acid, dissociation constants of 199 204 205
Caribbean Sea, bottom topography 35
Caribbean Sea, currents 641 642
Caribbean Sea, oxygen content 640
Caribbean Sea, water masses 638 641
Ceratium see "Dinoflagellates"
Chaetognatha as indicator species 863
Chaetognatha, reproduction 322
Chaetognatha, synopsis 308
Chemical transformations, importance of to sediments 952
China Sea 735
Chitin 289
Chlbrine-equivalent 52
Chlorine 175
Chlorinity 51 52
Chlorinity, units for expressing 51
Chlorosity 52
Chlorosity, factors 167
Chordata, synopsis of 312—314
Circulation (water movements), biological significance of 273—274
Circulation, Bjerknes’ theorem 460—462
Circulation, deep water 745—755
Circulation, thermal 507—509
Circulation, thermohaline 509—510
Circulation, transverse, Antarctic Circumpolar Current 618—620
Circulation, transverse, caused by upwelling 501
Circulation, transverse, Equatorial Countercurrent 635
Circulation, transverse, Gulf Stream 676
Cl-ratio 167
Clay minerals 988—990
Clay minerals, base exchange 988 990
Clay minerals, flocculation 958 990
Clay minerals, groups of 989
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