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Harris R. — Crafting the New Conversational Speech Systems
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Íàçâàíèå: Crafting the New Conversational Speech SystemsÀâòîð: Harris R. Àííîòàöèÿ: Soundly anchored in user centered design and natural language studies, this supremely practical book is loaded with examples, how-to advice, and design templates. Drawing widely on decades of research - in HCI, dialogue design, pragmatics, linguistics, lexicography, conversation analysis, computational linguistics, and cognitive and social psychology - Randy Allen Harris outlines the principles of how people use language interactively, and illustrates every aspect of design work
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ðàçíîå /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 2004Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 624Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 30.12.2007Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Sonorance, definition of 543 Sony Ericsson 491n—492n Sound 45—49 Sound and feel, definition of 543 Sound and meaning 28 37 41—73 Sound and meaning, grammaticality and 44 Sound and meaning, prosody and 66—67 Sound and meaning, semantics and 62—66 Sound and meaning, speech synthesis and 68—70 Sound and meaning, syntax and 58—62 Sound and meaning, words and 49—58 Sound clumps 49 Soundness, definition of 543 Soundscape designer 232—233 240 Soundscape, definition of 544 Source, slippages and 388—394 Spatial interactions 220 Speaker Verification (SV) 545 Speaker-dependent recognition, definition of 544 Speaker-independent recognition, definition of 544 Specification, interactive 472 Specifying design 472 Specifying design, dialogue and 468—471 Speech 16—18 28 35—39 Speech acts 94n 120n Speech acts, definition of 544 Speech Application Language Tags (SALT), definition of 542 Speech as action 94—101 Speech communications: Human and machine 24 Speech interface, universal, definition of 547 Speech output 206 Speech Recognition (SR) 279n 544 Speech Recognition Interface (SRI) see “Voice interfaces.” Speech recognizer, Wizard of Oz and 483 Speech Synthesis (SS) 68—70 73 544 Speech Synthesis (SS), definition of 544 Speech synthesizer, Wizard of Oz and 483 Speech systems, conceptual diagram of 42 Speech systems, habitable, definition of 266 Speech To Text (STT) 544 Speech UNderstanding and DIALogue (SUNDIAL) 545 Speech User Interface (SUI) see “Voice interfaces.” Speech, computer, definition of 526 Speech, definition of 547 Speech, dialogue acts into 444—445 Speech, part of, definition of 540 Speech, recorded 313n Speech, synthesized 313n Speech, versus text 431—436 Speech, versus writing 431—436 Speech-enabled see “Voice.” SpeechActs 15 62n 147 301n SpeechActs, definition of 544 Speed, reading 213n Spiral look-alikes, hazardous 238n Spiral model for voice interface, development 238 239 Spiral, error see “Error spiral.” Spiraling errors see “Error spiral.” Split, definition of 544 Spoke Too Soon (STS) see “Spoke-too-soon errors.” Spoke Way Too Soon (SWTS) 545 Spoke-too-soon errors 420 Spoke-too-soon errors, dialogue and 353 370—371 Spoke-too-soon slippage, definition of 544 Spoken Dialogue System (SDS) see “Voice interfaces.” Spoken Language Dialogue System (SLDS) 12 (see also “Voice interfaces.”) Spoken Language Interface (SLI) see “Voice interfaces.” Spoken Language System (SLS) 4 (see also “Voice interfaces.”) Spoken Language Understanding (SLU), definition of 543 SR see “Speech Recognition (SR).” SRI see “Speech Recognition Interface (SRI).” SS see “Speech Synthesis (SS).” Stability, voice interfaces and 212 Standard American English, lexical differences between Standard British English and 320 Standard American English, syntactic differences between Standard British English dialects and 320 Standard British English, lexical differences between Standard American English and 320 Standard British English, syntactic differences between Standard American English dialects and 320 Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), definition of 543 Standards, heuristic evaluation and 506 Star Trek 306n Stark, Thom 214 Stasis theory 259n State machine see “Finite state machine.” State, attentional 66n Static design specification 469 Stealth training 420 Stealth training, dialogue and 360—361 Stepwise call flow for schema 460 Stevens, Wallace 472 Stimpson, Catharine R. 239 Stop, definition of 544 Storyboarding techniques 508n Strategy, conceptual category, definition of 525 Strategy, density, definition of 527 Strategy, suitcase see “Suitcase strategy.” Stress, word usage distinguished by 67 Structural analysis of operator assisted call 251 Structure, exchange 130n Structure, intentional 66n Structure, linguistic 66n Structure, utterance, Wizard of Oz and 493 Structured questions, data gathering and 262 STS see “Spoke Too Soon (STS).” STT see “Speech To Text (STT).” Stucker, Hal 325 Studies, field 513 Studies, field, iterative evaluation and 510—512 Studies, natural dialogue 265n 300 Studies, natural dialogue, definition of 537 Studies, predesign 265n (see also “Natural dialogue studies.”) Subject-matter expert 237 240 Sublanguage 26 87n 192 218n Sublanguage, definition of 544 Substitution error, definition of 545 Substitutions, dialogue and 349—350 Subtask see “Task.” SUI see “Speech User Interface (SUI).” Suitcase 420 Suitcase strategy, definition of 545 Suitcase strategy, dialogue and 362 Sun Microsystems 14 Sundial see “Speech UNderstanding and DIALogue (SUNDIAL).” Support team 481—482 Suprasegmental phonology 66 (see also “Prosody.”) SV see “Speaker Verification (SV).” SWTS see “Spoke Way Too Soon (SWTS).” Syllables, definition of 545 Synecdoche 284n Synonyms 56n 282n Synonyms, definition of 545 Synonyms, discourse model and 283—285 Synonyms, reserve 420 Synonyms, reserve, definition of 542 Synonyms, reserve, dialogue and 361—362 Synonymy 52—58 71 Synonymy, definition of 545 Syntactic 28 Syntactic differences between Standard American and Standard British English dialects 320 Syntactic habitability 297 Syntactic habitability, definition of 545 Syntactic Structures 218n Syntax 58—62 59n 71 Syntax, definition of 545 Synthesis, articulatory, definition of 522 Synthesis, concatenation see “Concatenative synthesis.” Synthesis, formant, definition of 531 Synthesis, rule-based, definition of 542 Synthesis, speech 68—70 73 544 Synthesis, speech, definition of 544 Synthesis, voice, concatenative-recorded 311n Synthesis, wave-form 73 Synthesis, wave-form, definition of 549 Synthesized speech 313n Synthesized voices 311n Synthesizer, speech, Wizard of Oz and 483 Synthetic agents 346 Synthetic human voices, agent design and 311—314 System actions 262 System directives 104 System utterance, definition of 545 System vocabulary, definition of 545 (see also “Vocabulary.”) System-directed see “Initiative.” System-directive acts, definition of 545 Systematic model, simplest, definition of 543 T-tests 196n Table-topping techniques 508n Tabular data 422 Tabular data, voicing 409—411 Tagging of corpus 274—275 talk 33—199 Talk ahead, definition of 546 Talk overlap 142n Talk-in-interaction 28 Talk-over see “Turn overlap.” Talking to machines 20—23 Talkthrough, pluralistic 507—510 508n 513 Tape, books on 213n Tapered openings, dialogue and 447 Tapering 122 421 Tapering, definition of 546 Tapering, slippages and 399—406 Task 246 262 Task analysis 245—250 247n Task analysis, sample 249 262 263—264 Task completion 250n Task criticality 421 Task environment 262 Task identification 250n Task initiative see “Initiative.” Task management 107—120 Task management acts 103 104 121 Task slippages, definition of 546 Task slippages, dialogue and 354—355 Task, criticality of 262 Task, definition of 546 Task, usability, open-ended, for testing travel system 489 Task, users and see “Users and tasks.” Task, Wizard of Oz and 486—490 Task-centered questions, data gathering and 262 Task-driven spoken, dialogues 297 Task-management acts, definition of 546 Task-management dialogic pairs 131 Taxonomy, Bernsen- Dybkjaer 500n Team 29 223—225 Team, interaction architect and 225—229 Team, interactive-dialogue writers and 230—233 Team, organization of 224—225 Team, process and 220—221 223—240 Team, quality assurance prime and 233—234 Team, research prime and 236—237 Team, usability prime and 235—236 Techne 203 204n 219 Technology expert 236—237 240 Technology, Human Language, definition of 533 Telematics, definition of 546 Telephone Dialogues, Automatic 4 telephony 142n Teminographers 229n Templates, utterance 439 441 Temporal voice interfaces 220 Tenor of register 121 Tenor, definition of 546 Terminology 262 TES see “Train Enquiry Service (TES).” Testing, beta 499n 513 Testing, beta, iterative evaluation and 510—512 testing, usability 513 Testing, usability, ethics and 491n Testing, usability, iterative evaluation and 502—504 Testing, Wizard of Oz and 490—495 512 Text spans 169n Text, italics in 488n Text, To Speech (TTS) 544 Text, To Speech (TTS), definition of 547 Text, versus speech 431—436 Textual colligation, definition of 524 Thesaurus, alphabetic 282n Thesaurus, versus dictionary 281—282 Think-aloud methodology 492n Thomas, Peter 23—24 Thompson, Hunter S. 429 Time-out scenario, dialogue and 452 Timeout, definition of 546 Timeout, dialogue and 353—354 timeouts 420 Timeouts, dialogue and 367—370 Timespace, speech and 432 Timing, Wizard of Oz and 479 Tin Man 336 Token, lexical, definition of 546 Token, word see “Lexical token.” Too-soon 353n Tools, Wizard of Oz and 482—484 TOOT 22—23 Topic 28 38 159—188 Topic, coherence and 160—179 Topic, coherence relations and 180—188 Topic, cohesion and 160—179 Topic, management of 160—179 Touch-tone interface see “Keypad interfaces.” Touchtone Teller Star One Credit Union 10 Touchtone User Interface (TUI) 10 (see also “Keypad interfaces.”) Train Enquiry Service (TES) 176 Training, definition of 547 Training, stealth 420 Training, stealth, dialogue and 360—361 Transcription, sample 516 Transfer, information 103n Transient voice interfaces 220 translation issues 422 Translations, lexical 415—417 Transparent, definition of 547 Traum, David 103n Travel-arrangements dialogue,human–human 290 291 294 Trench, Richard C. 285 288 TTS see “Text To Speech (TTS).” TUI see “Touchtone User Interface (TUI).” Turn 137—143 158 Turn distribution, definition of 547 Turn overlap 142n Turn overlap, definition of 547 Turn overlap, user-on-system 142n Turn, definition of 547 Turn, designing, scripting and 436—449 Type, lexical see “Lexical token.” Type, word see “Lexical token.” UCD see “User-Centered Design (UCD).” Under verification see “Verification.” Understanding, Natural Language, definition of 537 Universal speech interface (USI), definition of 547 UNIX 8 Unknown errors 420 Unrealistic expectations 306n Usability 482n Usability engineering, discount 478 Usability inspection, iterative evaluation and 504—510 Usability inspection, methods 513 Usability prime 235—236 240 478n Usability research 485n Usability tasks, open-ended, for testing travel system 489
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