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Harris R. — Crafting the New Conversational Speech Systems
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Íàçâàíèå: Crafting the New Conversational Speech SystemsÀâòîð: Harris R. Àííîòàöèÿ: Soundly anchored in user centered design and natural language studies, this supremely practical book is loaded with examples, how-to advice, and design templates. Drawing widely on decades of research - in HCI, dialogue design, pragmatics, linguistics, lexicography, conversation analysis, computational linguistics, and cognitive and social psychology - Randy Allen Harris outlines the principles of how people use language interactively, and illustrates every aspect of design work
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ðàçíîå /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 2004Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 624Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 30.12.2007Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Interfaces, voice-only 9 Interlacing monologues 159 International Phonetic Alphabet 41 Interrogative act, definition of 534 Interrogatives 96—101 104 114—118 121 Interrogatives, constituent 95 Interrogatives, yes/no 95 Interview phase, data gathering and 256—260 262 Interviews, post-test, Wizard of Oz and 512 Intonation see “Prosody.” Intonation pattern 85 Intrusion see “Insertion.” Intuition building 253 Isolated word recognition, definition of 535 Italics in text 488n Iterative design 238 Iterative evaluation 30—31 222 473—516 Iterative evaluation, beta tests and 510—512 Iterative evaluation, field studies and 510—512 Iterative evaluation, other usability, inspection methods and 504—510 Iterative evaluation, transcription sample and 516 Iterative evaluation, usability testing and 502—504 Iterative evaluation, Wizard of Oz and 474—501 IVR see “Interactive Voice Response (IVR).” James, Henry 287—291 Jargon, definition of 535 Job 89 Johnson, Steven 27 Kambhatla, Nanda 201 Kamm, Candace 365 468 Kampelman, Max M. 122 Kant, Immanuel 79n Karat, John 381 Karis, Demetrios 236 Key Word in Context (KWIC), definition of 535 Keypad interfaces 4—5 10—12 Keypad interfaces, definition of 535 Keypad model 19 Keyword, definition of 535 Kieras, David 245 King, Steve 512 Knowledge representation, simple, of ordering takeout/delivery food 425 Knowledge representation, simple, of taking the order for take-out/delivery food 428 430 Knowledge scripts 472 Knowledge scripts, elaborating 472 Known errors 420 Kotelly, Blade 176 343 KWIC see “Key Word in Context (KWIC).” Lai, Jennifer 1 265n 381 504 Landauer, Thomas K. 296 361 419 Language 44 45 Language mavens 229n Language Systems, Spoken 4 Language, Extensible Markup, definition of 550 Language, natural, definition of 537 Language, real-world, heuristic evaluation and 506 Laterality, speech and 432 Laurel, Brenda 340 Lebowitz, Fran 367 Legacy, definition of 535 Lemma 275n (see also “Headword.”) Lemmata, definition of 535 Lender, W. 276 letters 47 Levow, Gina-Anne 375 406 Lewis, Clayton 242 Lexical 28 Lexical accommodation see “Convergence.” Lexical density 420 Lexical density, dialogue and 358—360 Lexical differences, between Standard American and Standard British English 320 Lexical entrainment see “Priming.” Lexical friends and relatives 196—198 Lexical habitability 297 (see also “Habitability.”) Lexical priming 342n (see also “Priming.”) Lexical priming, principle of 71 Lexical repair signals 421 Lexical repair signals, dialogue and 377—379 Lexical token, definition of 546 Lexical translations 415—417 Lexical treatments 422 Lexical type see “Lexical token.” Lexicographer 227—228 240 Lexicography 49 71 Lexicography, definition of 546 Lexicology, definition of 546 Lexicon 25 (see also “Dictionary “Vocabulary.”) Lexicon, building of, discourse model and 275—287 Lexicon, design, for banking register, datafields for deposit in 277 288 Lexicon, interface 240 Lexicon, voice-interface 297 Likert, Rensis 258n Linear call flow for voiced take-out/delivery pizza service 456 Linguistic ellipsis see “Ellipsis.” Linguistic structure 66n Linguistics 44 Link identification, audio and 414n Links, voice 422 Links, voicing 411—415 listening 89—94 Lists, dialogue and 447—449 Liu, Sandra 313n Local field studies, iterative evaluation and 510 Logical sequencing among schema for takeout/delivery phone ordering service 457 Logo, audio, definition of 522 MacEachern, Margaret 375 Machines, finite state, definition of 531 Machines, talking to 20—23 Machines,state see “Finite state machine.” MailCall 83 83n Male 316n 317n Male agents 346 Malinowski, Bronislaw 120 431 Man-Machine Interface (MMI) 5 Man-Machine Interface (MMI), definition of 536 Management of slippages, dialogue and 379—394 Management, dialogue 128—129 158 Management, initiative 394—398 421 Management, task 107—120 Management, topic 160—179 Manager, dialogue 25 Manager, dialogue, definition of 527 Manager, initiative, definition of 534 Mane, Amir 236 Manner 122 Manner, maxims of 79 82—85 Manner, maxims of, definition of 536 Mapping, false see “Substitutions” “Substitution Marketing 308n Maron, Jon 492n Marx, Groucho 256 Maven wanabees 229n Mavens, language 229n Maxims of manner 79 82—85 Maxims of manner, definition of 536 Maxims of quality 78 81—82 Maxims of quality, definition of 541 Maxims of quantity 78 79—81 Maxims of quantity, definition of 541 Maxims of relation 79n Maxims of relevance 79 82 Maxims of relevance, definition of 541 Maxims, conversational see “Conversational maxims.” Maxims, Gricean, definition of 532 Maxims, Grice’s 88—89 Mayhew, Deborah 3 26 252—256 McArthur, Tom 278 McGlashan, Scott 302 McLaughlin, Mignon 370 Meaning, sound and see “Sound and meaning.” Menander 261 Menu system, definition of 536 Menu, graphic interfaces and 8 Menu, voice-interface design and 214—217 Meronyms 284n Meronyms, definition of 536 Mesolects 318n Method, think-aloud 492n Metonyms 283n 284n Metonyms, definition of 536 Metonyms, discourse model and 283—285 Metonyms, reserve 420 Metonyms, reserve, dialogue and 361—362 Metrics 513 MI see “Mixed initiative (MI)” “Mutual Michigan Terminal System (MTS) 6 Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS DOS) 6 Miller, George 299 Mimic 395n Minimalist design, heuristic evaluation and 506—507 Minsky, Marvin 301n Misfire see “Insertion.” Misrecognition 420 (see also “Substitution error.”) Misrecognition, repairing 371—372 Mixed initiative (MI) 153 155—157 156n 158 Mixed mode, definition of 536 MMI see “Man-machine interface (MMI).” Modal, definition of 536 Mode of register 121 Mode, definition of 536—537 Mode, mixed, definition of 536 Moded interaction, definition of 537 Model, bidirectional, contribution 436n Model, contribution, definition of 525—526 Model, discourse 30 221 Model, formant 68n Model, Hidden Markov, definition of 533 Model, interaction, Wizard of Oz and 484 Model, simplest systematic, definition of 543 Model, spiral, for voice interface development 238 239 Modeless interaction, definition of 537 Monologue, interlacing 159 Monologue, written 169n Morphology 71 Mosaic 7—8 MOVE On 51n Move, definition of 537 MS DOS see “Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS DOS).” MTS see “Michigan Terminal System (MTS).” MULTICS see “Multiplexed Information and Computing Service (Multics).” Multimodal interfaces 8—10 Multiplexed Information and Computing Service (Multics) 6 Mutual information (MI) 196n Mutual information (MI), definition of 537 N-best (list), definition of 537 N-gram (model), definition of 537 Nass, Clifford 313n 325 341 Natural dialogue studies 265n 300 Natural dialogue studies, definition of 537 Natural Graphic Man–Machine Conversation 19 Natural Language Engineering (NLE), definition of 537 Natural Language Interface (NLI), definition of 537 Natural Language Processing (NLP) see “Natural Language Understanding.” Natural Language Understanding (NLU), definition of 537 Natural language, definition of 537 Naturalness, voice interfaces and 212 Nelsen, Jakob 502 Network, PACKET, definition of 538 New information 85—87 NEXT DOMAIn 51n Nielsen, Jakob 478 505 NLE see “Natural Language Engineering (NLE).” NLI see “Natural Language Interface (NLI).” NLP see “Natural Language Processing (NLP).” NLU see “Natural Language Understanding (NLU).” noise, definition of 538 Nomenclature, definition of 538 Non-WIMP 8 Nonrecognition events 420 Nonrecognitions, repairing 366—371 Nord-Pas-de-Calais 99n Norman, Michael 23—24 Novice users 405 Novick, David 208 Nuance Communications 1 Number, agent design and 341—343 Object-manipulation paradigm, graphic interfaces and 7 Obligative acts 103 104 118—120 121 Obligative acts, definition of 118 538 Observation phase, data gathering and 252—256 262 Olsen, Dan 454 Olveda, Sylvia 313n Onomasiology, definition of 538 OOG see “Out Of Grammer (OOG).” OOV see “Out-of-Vocabulary slippage (OOV).” Open feedback 384 (see also “Feedback.”) Open prompt see “Prompt.” Open prompting, dialogue and 358 Open-ended usability tasks for testing travel system 489 Openings, dialogue and 442—447 Openings, first time, dialogue and 447 Openings, tapered, dialogue and 447 Openness, data gathering and 255—257 262 Operator assisted call, structural analysis of 251 Orthography, definition of 538 Ortholect, definition of 538 Osborne, W. S. “Ozzie,” 31 Out Of Grammer (OOG) see “Out-of-Vocabulary slippage (OOV).” Out of the Ashes 335 Out-of-vocabulary 353n Out-of-Vocabulary slippage (OOV), definition of 538 Out-of-vocabulary utterances 420 Out-of-Vocabulary Word (OVW) see “Out-of-Vocabulary slippage (OOV).” Out-of-vocabulary, dialogue and 352—353 Out-task vocabulary see “Out-of-Vocabulary slippage (OOV).” Output, voice interfaces and 212 Over-verification, definition of 538 Overlap, definition of 538 Overlap, talk 142n Overlap, turn 142n Overlap, turn, definition of 547 Oviatt, Sharon 8 375 OVW see “Out-of-Vocabulary Word (OVW).” Oyayubizoku 17 O’Shaughnessy, Douglas 24 PACKET network, definition of 538 Pact, conceptual, definition of 525 Pairs, adjacency 129n (see also “Dialogic pairs.”) Pairs, dialogic see “Dialogic pairs.” Panasonic Lumix LC33, spec sheet for 412 413 PARAdigm for DIalogue System Evaluation (PARADISE) 503n PARADISE see “PARAdigm for DIalogue System Evaluation (PARADISE).” Paralinguistic, definition of 539 parallel 425 Parametric coding, definition of 539 Paraphrase 71 Parse, definition of 539 Parser, definition of 539 Part of Speech (POS), definition of 540 Participants, Wizard of Oz and 485—486 Participant’s reactions, Wizard of Oz and 494 Participatory design (PD), definition of 539 Partonyms 284n (see also “Metonyms.”) Path, definition of 539 Payoffs to callers 270n pd see “Participatory design (PD).” PDA see “Personal digital assistant (PDA).” Penn, William 356 426 Perplexity, definition of 539 Personal digital assistant (PDA), definition of 539
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