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Harris R. — Crafting the New Conversational Speech Systems
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Íàçâàíèå: Crafting the New Conversational Speech SystemsÀâòîð: Harris R. Àííîòàöèÿ: Soundly anchored in user centered design and natural language studies, this supremely practical book is loaded with examples, how-to advice, and design templates. Drawing widely on decades of research - in HCI, dialogue design, pragmatics, linguistics, lexicography, conversation analysis, computational linguistics, and cognitive and social psychology - Randy Allen Harris outlines the principles of how people use language interactively, and illustrates every aspect of design work
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ðàçíîå /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 2004Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 624Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 30.12.2007Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Experience level of user 421 Experience, contrary to 198n Expert users 405 Expert, subject-matter 237 240 Expert, technology 236—237 240 Explicit feedback 384 (see also “Feedback.”) Explicit prompt see “Prompt.” Explicit prompting, dialogue and 357 Expressive acts, definition of 530 Expressive dialogue acts 109 110 Expressives 104 121 Extensible Markup Language (XML), definition of 550 Extraction, content 55n Failure, recognition see “Recognition error.” False acceptance, definition of 530 False alarm see “Insertion.” False mapping see “Substitutions; Substitution error.” False recognition see “False acceptance.” False rejection 350-351 (see also “Rejection.”) Farley, Mike 230 Feedback 158 421 Feedback, backchanneled 148n Feedback, definition of 530 Feedback, explicit 384 Feedback, groundskeeping and 145—149 Feedback, implicit 384 Feedback, inferential 384 (see also “Feedback.”) Feedback, lack of 384—385 Feedback, levels of, dialogue and 383—388 Feedback, open 384 Feel, sound and, definition of 543 Felicity conditions, definition of 530 Female 316n 317n Female agents 346 Field of register 121 Field studies 513 Field studies, iterative evaluation and 510—512 Field, definition of 530 Filtering through the phone, definition of 530 Filters, input, Wizard of Oz and 483 Finer mesh prompts scenario, dialogue and 453 Finite state machine, definition of 531 First time openings, dialogue and 447 Firth, J. R. 33 84n 196 280 Fishman, Pamela 372 379 Fixed initiative 153 158 Flattened-menu interaction for schema 462 Flexibility, heuristic evaluation and 506 Floor, definition of 531 Flow rate, information, voice interfaces and 213—214 Flow, call see “Call flow.” Flow, dialogue see “Dialogue flow.” Flow, information 219 Flow, sense of, Wizard of Oz and 494 Flow-regulating acts 103 104 158 Flow-regulating acts, definition of 531 Flow-regulating dialogue acts 138—143 Ford 233 Formant 48n Formant models 68n Formant structure 48n Formant synthesis, definition of 531 Formant, definition of 531 Forster, E. M. 179 Fraser, Norman M. 302 Frequency of task 262 Fricatives, definition of 531 Fully specified functionally habitable call flow for schema 463 Function words, definition of 531 Functional habitability 297 (see also “Habitability.”) Functions, interaction architect and 227 Functions, interactive-dialogue writers and 231—232 Functions, lexicographer and 229 Functions, quality assurance prime and 234 Functions, soundscape designer and 233 Functions, usability prime and 235—236 Furnas, George W. 296 361 419 Fusion, definition of 531 Gain, definition of 531 Gardner-Bonneau, Daryle 24 127 Gathering data 250—261 Geisel, Theodor S. 76 Gender, agent design and 315—318 316n 317n 318n Genderlects 318n Genealects 318n General Magic 319n 331—336 334n genres 318n Genres, emergent 21 George, Paul 27 Giangola, James P. 431 Gibberish 159 Gilbert, Nigel 302 Given information 85—87 goals 262 Goals, definition of 531 Goals, habitability 266 Goat 142n Goldwyn, Samuel 52 Gomez, Louis M. 296 361 419 Gong, Li 341 Goodwill, agent design and 326—330 Gould, John 242 Gound 262 Grammar 26 41 43 59 Grammar, definition of 531 Grammatical 28 Grammatical constructs, commonly used, determining 287—291 Grammaticality 44 Graph, contribution see “Contribution model.” Graphemes 47 Graphemes, definition of 531 Graphic interfaces 4 7—8 Graphic interfaces, definition of 531—532 Graphical User Interface (GUI) auditory, double-pronunciation entry for 280 (see also “Graphic interfaces.”) Graphical User Interface (GUI) auditory, voice interfaces and 211—214 (see also “Graphic interfaces.”) Greco-Roman stasis theory 259n Greeting, definition of 532 Grice, Paul 78 79n 164 Gricean maxims, definition of 532 Gricean/Conversational groupings 500n Grice’s maxims 88—89 Ground, common see “Ground.” Ground, conversational see “Ground.” Ground, definition of 532 Grounding criteria 421 Grounding criteria, definition of 532 Grounding criteria, dialogue and 381—383 Grounding, definition of 532 Groundskeeping 143—157 Groundskeeping acts 103 104 158 Groundskeeping acts, definition of 532 GUI see “Graphical User Interface (GUI).” H LT see “Human Language Technology (HLT).” Habitability goals 266 Habitability, 220 517—519 Habitability, conceptual see “Habitability.” Habitability, definition of 532 Habitability, functional 297 (see also “Habitability.”) Habitability, lexical 297 (see also “Habitability.”) Habitability, syntactic 297 Habitability, syntactic, definition of 545 Habitability, voice interfaces and 217—219 Habitable see “Habitability.” Habitable call flow for takeout/delivery phone service 465 Habitable speech system, definition of 266 Hafner, Katie 16 HAL-9000 301n Halliday, M. 87 172 177 Hanks, Patrick 269 Harris, Zellig 218n Harvesting script 273n Harvesting, web 273n Hasan, Ruqaiya 172 177 Hayes, Philip J. 241 347 Hazardous spiral-lookalikes 238n HCI see “Human Computer Interaction (HCI).” Headword 275n Headword bank 275n Headword, definition of 532 Hearing words, rate of 213n Hemingway, Ernest 230 Hempelmann, Christian 424 Heteronyms, definition of 533 Heuristic evaluation 505—507 513 HeyAnita 48 Hidden Markov Model (HMM), definition of 533 Hierarchical interactions 220 Hipp, D. Richard 137 HMIHY 301n HMM see “Hidden Markov Model (HMM).” Hobbes, Thomas 45 Hockett, Charles F. 36 Hoey, Michael 197 Holonyms 284n Holonyms, definition of 533 Homonymous, definition of 533 Homonyms, definition of 533 Homonymy 52—58 71 Homophonous see “Homonymous.” Hone, Kate 217 436 Horton, Andrew 311 Hotel-booking dialogues 296 HTML see “HyperText Mark-up Language (HTML).” Hulstijn, Joris 159 Human assistance, Wizard of Oz and 512 Human Computer Interaction (HCI), definition of 532 Human Language Technology (HLT), definition of 533 Human–human travel-arrangements dialogue 290 291 294 Hurston, Zora Neale 236 Hyperarticulate, definition of 533 Hyperarticulation 376 Hyperarticulation, definition of 533 Hypernyms 284n (see also “Metonyms.”) HyperText Mark-up Language (HTML), definition of 533 Hyponyms 284n (see also “Metonyms.”) I-b-i-z-a 376n IBIZA! 376n IBM Speech Systems, Icon, auditory see “Earcon.” ICT see “Information and Communication Technologies (ICT).” Idiom principle see “Textual colligation.” Idiom, definition of 533 Illocutionary acts 94n Illustrator Adobe 27 Images 346 Immediacy, speech and 432 Imperatives 95 96 121 Imperatives, definition of 533 Implicit feedback 384 Implicit prompt see “Prompt.” Implicit prompting, dialogue and 358 In voice interface design 110—111 112—120 Incremental prompt, definition of 533 Individual users 403—406 Inferential feedback 384 (see also “Feedback.”) Inferential prompt see “Prompt.” Inferential prompting, dialogue and 358 Infirm results, definition of 534 Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), definition of 533 Information criticality 421 Information display, voice, interfaces and 212—213 Information flow 219 Information flow rate, voice, interfaces and 213—214 Information gathering 250n Information transfer 103n Information, given 85—87 Information, mutual, definition of 537 Information, new 85—87 Informative acts 103 104 111—118 121 Informative acts, definition of 111—112 534 Initiative 130n 158 262 Initiative management 421 Initiative manager, definition of 534 Initiative, definition of 534 Initiative, dialogue see “Initiative.” Initiative, fixed 153 Initiative, groundskeeping and 152—157 Initiative, managing 394—398 Initiative, mixed 153 155—157 Initiative, slippages and 388—394 Initiative, task see “Initiative.” Initiative, variable, definition of 547 Initiative-response unit 130n Input filters, Wizard of Oz and 483 Input, voice interfaces and 212 Insertion sequence 130n Insertion sequence, definition of 534 Insertion, definition of 534 Insertion, dialogue and 349 Inspection, usability, iterative evaluation and 504—510 Intelligent agents 301n Intentional structure 66n Interaction architect 225—229 240 Interaction design, voice see “Voice interaction design.” Interaction model, Wizard of Oz and 484 Interaction patterns, effective, discourse model and 291—296 Interaction slippages 501 Interaction slippages, definition of 534 Interaction slippages, dialogue and 351—354 Interactions, broadening 472 Interactions, broadening, dialogue and 458—462 Interactions, command-and-control 396 Interactions, computer dedicated to Wizard of Oz and 483—484 Interactions, customized 422 Interactions, flattened-menu, for schema 462 Interactions, hierarchical 220 Interactions, moded, definition of 537 Interactions, modeless, definition of 537 Interactions, spatial 220 Interactions, user-initiative 396 Interactions, voice-driven 396 Interactive design, specification 471 Interactive patterns 298 Interactive patterns, Wizard of Oz and 494 Interactive specification 472 Interactive Voice Response (IVR), definition of 535 Interactive-dialogue writers 230—233 240 Interface design, in voice 110—111 112—120 Interface lexicon 240 Interface personification, case against 305—308 Interface research, voice-only 340n Interfaces 3—16 25 Interfaces, audio see “Voice interfaces.” interfaces, command-line 4 5—6 8 Interfaces, graphic 4 7—8 Interfaces, graphic, definition of 531—532 Interfaces, graphical user see “Graphic interfaces.” Interfaces, keypad 4—5 10—12 Interfaces, keypad, definition of 535 Interfaces, man-machine, definition of 536 Interfaces, multimodal 8—10 Interfaces, natural language, definition of 537 Interfaces, secondary-task 17 Interfaces, speech user see “Voice interfaces.” Interfaces, touch-tone see “Keypad interfaces.” Interfaces, touch-tone user see “Keypad interfaces.” Interfaces, universal speech, definition of 547 interfaces, user 4 Interfaces, voice 3 4 12—16 29 Interfaces, voice user see “Voice interfaces.” Interfaces, voice, definition of 548—549
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