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Harris R. — Crafting the New Conversational Speech Systems
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Íàçâàíèå: Crafting the New Conversational Speech SystemsÀâòîð: Harris R. Àííîòàöèÿ: Soundly anchored in user centered design and natural language studies, this supremely practical book is loaded with examples, how-to advice, and design templates. Drawing widely on decades of research - in HCI, dialogue design, pragmatics, linguistics, lexicography, conversation analysis, computational linguistics, and cognitive and social psychology - Randy Allen Harris outlines the principles of how people use language interactively, and illustrates every aspect of design work
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ðàçíîå /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 2004Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 624Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 30.12.2007Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Personalification, definition of 539 personality 346 Personality, agent design and 331—336 Personification 302—308 345 Personification, interface, case against 305—308 Personified 30 Phatic communion 252 Phatic communion, definition of 539 Phone 45 71 Phone, definition of 539 Phone, filtering through see “Filtering through the phone.” Phone-filtering see “Filtering through the phone.” Phonemes 45 71 Phonemes, definition of 539 Phonetic variation 70n Phonetics 45 71 Phonetics, definition of 539 Phonological 28 Phonology 45 71 Phonology, definition of 539 Phonology, suprasegmental 66 (see also “Prosody.”) Physical characteristics, agent design and 340—341 Pinker, Steven 229n Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), definition of 540 Planning call flow 472 Planning call flow, dialogue and 453—468 Plato 225 Plosive see “Stop.” Plotting call flow 463—468 Pluralistic talkthrough 508n 513 Pluralistic talkthrough, usability inspection and 507—510 Pluralistic walkthrough 508n Pope, Alexander 360 pos see “Part of Speech (POS).” Post-test interviews, Wizard of Oz and 512 POTS see “Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS). Practical wisdom, agent design and 323—325 practice 137n Pragmatic ellipsis see “Ellipsis.” Pragmatics 38 76—78 Pragmatics, conversational 78—87 (see also “Conversational maxims.”) Pragmatics, definition of 532 540 Pragmatics, Gricean, definition of 532 Pre-exising sources, slippages and 409—417 Predesign studies 265n (see also “Natural dialogue studies.”) Presentation see “Contribution model.” Pressure, reactive see “Dialogic pairs.” Prestige forms 316n Preventative measures 420 Prevention, dialogue and 356—364 Prime, quality assurance 233—234 240 Prime, research 236—237 (see also “Priming.”) Prime, usability 235—236 240 478n Priming 51n Priming, definition of 540 Priming, lexical 342n Priming, lexical, principle of 71 Principle of collocation 71 Principle of lexical priming 71 Problem specification 250n Problems 262 Problems, cooperativity 497 Problems, vocabulary, definition of 548 Procedures 262 Process 29 237—239 Process, development 240 Process, team and 220—221 223—240 Process, testing, Wizard of Oz and 512 Process, Wizard of Oz and 484—490 Product-development circumstances 492n Productivity, agent design and 309 346 Profiles, user 261 Progressive assistance 122 421 Progressive assistance, definition of 540 Prompt 176 Prompt, definition of 540 Prompt, directive, definition of 528 Prompt, expanded, definition of 530 Prompt, incremental, definition of 533 Prompt, inferential see “Prompt.” Prompt, levels of 385 386 Prompt, open see “Prompt.” Prompt, scaffolding, definition of 542 Prompting, dialogue and 357—358 Pronunciation, discourse model and 278—280 Proper diction 39 Prosody 44 66—67 70n 73 Prosody, definition of 540 Protocols, verbal 252n Prototype, definition of 540—541 Pure voice, definition of 12 Purpose, relational, coherence and 170 Q-zone, definition of 541 Qualitative analysis, Wizard of Oz and 512 Quality 121 Quality assurance prime 233—234 240 Quality of task 262 Quality, maxims of 78 81—82 Quality, maxims of, definition of 541 Quantitative analysis, Wizard of Oz and 512 quantity 121 Quantity of speech 432 Quantity, maxims of 78 79—81 Quantity, maxims of, definition of 541 Questions, scalar 262 513—516 Questions, scalar, Wizard of Oz and 512 Questions, structured 262 Questions, task-centered 262 Rabbit, Jessica 311 RailTel 135 156 Raman, T. V. 237 Random access, definition of 541 Raskin, Jef 20 23 201 Ratio, association 196n Ratio, association, definition of 522 Reach envelope, definition of 541 Reactive pressure see “Dialogic pairs.” Reading speed 213n Real agents 346 Real human voices, agent design and 311—314 Real-world language, heuristic evaluation and 506 Recognition error 506n Recognition error, definition of 541 Recognition error, dialogue and 349—351 Recognition error, segmentation 350 Recognition failure 506n (see also “Recognition error.”) Recognition, connected word, definition of 525 Recognition, continuous word, definition of 525 Recognition, discrete word see “Isolated word recognition.” Recognition, error, definition of 541 Recognition, false see “False acceptance.” Recognition, isolated word, definition of 535 Recognition, speaker-dependent, definition of 544 Recognition, speaker-independent, definition of 544 Recognition, speech 279n 544 Recognizer, speech, Wizard of Oz and 483 Recorded speech 313n Recorded voices 311n Reddy, Raj 347 Redish, Janice C. 250 Reductionism 43 Redundancy 83n Referential coherence 163 165—168 171 179—180 Referential coherence, definition of 523 Reflexivity, definition of 541 Regiolect see “Dialect.” Registers 87—89 121 192 318n Registers, banking, datafields for deposit in design, lexicon for 277 288 Registers, definition of 541 Rejection 420 Rejection error 351\ Rejection, correct 351 Rejection, definition of 541 Rejection, dialogue and 350—351 366—367 Rejection, false 350—351 (see also “Rejection.”) Relation, coherence 169n 180n Relation, maxim of 79n Relational coherence 163 168—170 168n 171 179—180 Relational coherence, definition of 523 Relevance 122 Relevance, conditional 130n Relevance, maxim of 79 82 Relevance, maxim of, definition of 541 Remote field studies, iterative evaluation and 510—512 Repair of misrecognitions 371—372 Repair of nonrecognitions 366—371 Repair signals, acoustic 421 Repair signals, acoustic, dialogue and 375—377 Repair signals, lexical 421 Repair signals, lexical dialogue and 377—379 Repair, definition of 541 Repair, dialogue and 365—409 Repair, groundskeeping and 149—152 Repertoire, voice interfaces and 214 Repetition, referential coherence and 180 Reprompt, definition of 542 Research prime 236—237 Research, usability 485n Research, voice-only interface 340n Reserve metonyms 420 Reserve metonyms, dialogue and 361—362 Reserve synonyms 420 Reserve synonyms, definition of 542 Reserve synonyms, dialogue and 361—362 Resource demands, Wizard of Oz and 512 Resources, Wizard of Oz and 477—478 Response 130n Response, definition of 542 Results, infirm, definition of 534 Rhetorical Structure Theory program 168n Rich, Adrienne 362 463 Richness, data gathering and 253 262 Ringle, Martin 149 Rodman, Robert 24 371 Roget, Peter Mark 35 190 281 Roget’s II 282n Roget’s Thesaurus 190 Role 308n Role, agent design and 309 Roll call 29 Rosenfeld, Roni 26 223 454 Rudnicky, Alexander 265 323 383 426n 454 Rule-based synthesis, definition of 542 Rules 137n Sacks, Harvey 33 127—128 Safire, William 339 Salience, definition of 542 Salt see “Speech Application Language Tags (SALT).” Scaffolding prompts, definition of 542 Scaffolding utterances 176 Scalar questions 262 513—516 Scalar questions, Wizard of Oz and 512 Scales, even-point 258n Scales, six-point 258n Scenario, changing targets, dialogue and 453 Scenario, definition of 542 Scenario, dialogue and 451—453 Scenario, finer mesh prompts, dialogue and 452—453 Scenario, time-out, dialogue and 452—453 scenes 426n Schaefer, Edward 436n Schank, Roger 453 Schegloff, Emmanuel 102 291 Schema 426 426n 467 Schema, coherence/cohesion 163n schema, definition of 542 Schema, flattened-menu, interaction for 462 Schema, fully specified functionally habitable call flow for 463 Schema, logical and conventional sequencing among, for takeout/delivery phone ordering service 457 Schema, stepwise call flow for 460 Schemata, definition of 542 Schiffrin, Deborah 130n Schmandt, Christopher 24 Schneiderman, Ben 305 399 SCHOLAR 154—155 Script, definition of 542 Script, elaboration of 428 Script, harvesting 273n Script, knowledge 472 scripting 30 222 423—472 Scripting, developing dialogue and 426—453 Scripting, planning call flow and 453—468 Scripting, specifying dialogue and 468—472 SDS see “Spoken Dialogue System (SDS).” Searle, John 128 Secondary-task interfaces 17 Segmentation recognition errors 350 Semantic 28 Semantic density, speech and 433 Semantic response 19 Semantics 62—66 71 Semantics, definition of 542 Semasiology, definition of 543 Semi-vowels 48n Sense of flow, Wizard of Oz and 494 Sequence, insertion 130n Sequence, insertion, definition of 534 Sequencing and dependencies 454—458 472 Sequencing, conventional, among schema for takeout/delivery phone ordering service 457 Sequencing, logical, among schema for takeout/delivery phone ordering service 457 Seuss, Dr. 108 111 118 140 SGML see “Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).” Shakespeare, William 423 Shaping diction, dialogue and 449—451\ Sheep 142n Sheep, definition of 543 Sherlock dictionary 298 Signals, acoustic repair 421 Signals, acoustic repair, dialogue and 375—377 Signals, lexical repair 421 Signals, lexical repair, dialogue and 377—379 Similarity attraction 321n Similarity attraction, principle of 328 Simon, John 41 Simplest systematic model, definition of 543 Sinclair, John 196 Six-point scales 258n SLDS see “Spoken Language Dialogue System (SLDS).” SLI see “Spoken Language Interface (SLI).” Slippages, diagnosing, dialogue and 372—379 Slippages, dialogue and 348—356 Slippages, interaction 501 Slippages, interaction, definition of 534 Slippages, interaction, dialogue and 351—354 Slippages, managing, dialogue and 379—394 Slippages, Out-of-Vocabulary, definition of 538 Slippages, prevention of, heuristic evaluation and 506 Slippages, recovery from, heuristic evaluation and 507 Slippages, spoke-too-soon, definition of 544 Slippages, task see “Task slippages.” Slippages, users as cause of 407—408 SLS see “Spoken Language System (SLS).” SLU see “Spoken Language Understanding (SLU).” Smith, Adam 224 Smith, Ronnie 137 157n Society of Mind 301n Sociolect 318n (see also “Dialect.”) Sociolinguistics, definition of 543 Socrates 269 458 Software agents 301n
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