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| Ïîèñê ïî óêàçàòåëÿì |
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| Bell S. — Forensic Chemistry |
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| Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü |
Energy, ignition 406
Entomotoxicology 240n
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 127 127f
Enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) 125 126f 127
Ephedra, profiling of 371—372
Ephedrine, structure of 358t
Epoxy glue, forensic analysis of 611 611f
Equilibrium constant(s) (pK) 89—92
Equilibrium constant(s) (pK), solubility 91—92
Equipment, calibration of 74—75
Ergonovine, structure of 347t
Ergot alkaloids, analysis of 345—354 (see also “Hallucinogens”)
Ergot, structure of 269f 321f
Ergotamine, structure of 347t
Ergotism 345
Error(s), %, definition of 20—22
Error(s), absolute, definition of 20
Error(s), analytical, types of 72—74 73f
Error(s), random 19 72—73 73f
Error(s), random, definition of 66—67
Error(s), systematic 72 73f
Error(s), systematic, definition of 67
Error(s), Type I 33
Error(s), Type II 33
Estradiol, structure of 310f
Ethanol, characteristics of 100t
Ethanol, elimination of 258
Ether, petroleum, characteristics of 100t
Ethyl centralite, function and formula of 450t
Euclidean distance 57
Evidence, admission of 5
Evidence, biological 239—241 241f 241t
Evidence, circumstantial 6
Evidence, destructive testing of 6
Evidence, direct 6
Evidence, drug, analytical approach to 270
Evidence, inclusive versus exclusive 5
Evidence, physical 225—227
Evidence, physical in Lindbergh kidnapping 567—568b
Evidence, physical, associated with combustion 432—459 (see also “Combustion physical
Evidence, polymer, forensic analysis of 609—611
Excipients 228
Exclusive evidence 5
Exploratory data analysis (EDA) 49—53
Explosive index 415—417t 418
Explosive limits 405—406 406t
Explosive power 418—422
Explosives 413—430
Explosives, classification scheme for 417f
Explosives, detonation speeds and structures of 415—4117t
Explosives, forensic analysis of 448 452—457 453b 454f 455b 456f
Explosives, forensic analysis of, field screening methods in 452—455 453b 454f
Explosives, forensic analysis of, laboratory methods in 455—457 455b 456f
Explosives, high 417—418 423
Explosives, high, detonation speeds and structures of 415—417t
Explosives, immersed, analysis of 455b
Explosives, low 414 417 422
Explosives, low, detonation speeds and structures of 415t
Explosives, molecular 414
Extenders 480
Extraction(s) in sample preparation 86 86f
Extraction(s) in sample preparation, example of 87—89
Extraction(s), acid-base-neutral 104—106 105f 106f
Extraction(s), dry 99
Extraction(s), liquid-liquid 99
Extraction(s), solid phase stir-bar 115
Extraction(s), solid-phase 109—114 (see also “Solid-phase extraction (SPE)”)
Eyepiece, of microscope 139 139f 141f
Factors, in principal component analysis 53—55
Felt-tip pen inks 492
Ferric chloride 293t
Ferrocyanides, colors and examples 482t
Fibers, bicomponent, fabrication of 562 563f
Fibers, forensic analysis of 574—609
Fibers, forensic analysis of, anisotropy in 582—583
Fibers, forensic analysis of, aperture and 602f 603
Fibers, forensic analysis of, birefringence in 583
Fibers, forensic analysis of, characteristics of fibers in 575 579—580
Fibers, forensic analysis of, chromatography in 588 590
Fibers, forensic analysis of, classification in 575 576—578t 579f
Fibers, forensic analysis of, colorants in 591—595
Fibers, forensic analysis of, cross-section in 581 582f
Fibers, forensic analysis of, diameter in 581
Fibers, forensic analysis of, dichroism in 582
Fibers, forensic analysis of, elemental analysis in 605—606
Fibers, forensic analysis of, elongation sign in 583
Fibers, forensic analysis of, flattening for 597 599f 600f 601
Fibers, forensic analysis of, interference colors in 583—587 585f 587f
Fibers, forensic analysis of, isotropy in 582—583
Fibers, forensic analysis of, melting points in 588 589t
Fibers, forensic analysis of, microspectroscopy in 590—605
Fibers, forensic analysis of, morphology in 580—581
Fibers, forensic analysis of, murder conviction based on 574—575b
Fibers, forensic analysis of, pleochroism in 582
Fibers, forensic analysis of, refractive index in 583 584f
Fibers, forensic analysis of, sample thickness in 601 602f 603
Fibers, forensic analysis of, sampling considerations and significance in 607—609
Fibers, forensic analysis of, solubility testing in 588
Fibers, forensic analysis of, spectroscopy in 590—605
Fibers, natural 541—542 542f
Fibers, vegetable 534
FID (flame ionization detector) 197 198 198f
Field of view, of microscope 144
Film formation, in paints 499f 501
Film-forming agents, in paints 501
Fingerprinting, chemical 229—239 (see also “Profiling of drug sample”)
Fire dynamics 407—413
Fire triangle 387
Fire(s), debris of, forensic analysis of 434—440 434t 435t 436f 437f 438f 439f 440—441b 441t
Fire(s), debris of, forensic analysis of, ASTM Standards relevant to 435t
Fire(s), debris of, forensic analysis of, gas chromatography in 438 438f 439f
Fire(s), debris of, forensic analysis of, headspace methods in 435 437—438 438f
Fire(s), debris of, forensic analysis of, matrix controls in 439f 440
Fire(s), debris of, forensic analysis of, sample preparation for 435 436f 437
Fire(s), debris of, forensic analysis of, weathering in 440
Fire(s), deflagration and 403—413
Fire(s), investigation of 433—441 (see also “Arson and fire investigation”)
Fire(s), points of origin of 412
First-order process 244
First-pass metabolism 248
Fischer projection method, in determining D, L configuration 325 325f
Flame ionization detector (FID) 197 198 198f
Flames 403—107 404f 405f 407f
Flames, bouyant 412
Flames, laminar 403—404 404f
Flammability limits 405 407f
Flammable range 405
Flash point, of fuels 407 408t
Flashover 412—413
Florisil, characteristics of 110t
Flow cells, for capillary electrophoretic systems 197
Fluorescence 153—154 154f
Fluorescence in fiber color analysis 595
Fluorescence in field detection of explosives 454
Fluorescence in LSD 353
Fluorescence microscopy, in forensic analysis of inks and paints 511—512
Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) 124—125 126f
Fluorescence, X-ray 179—181 180f 181f
Fluoropolymer fibers, description of 578t
Fluoxetine (Prozac ), analysis of 378—379
Fluoxetine (Prozac), structure of 378t
Fluoxymesterone, structure of 313t
Flurazepam (Dalmane) 378
Focal length 137 137f 138
Focus, depth of, of microscope 144
Forensic analysis, flow of 7—8
Forensic chemist, online resources for 260—261
Forensic chemistry, current status of 9—10
Forensic chemistry, data in 13—45
Forensic chemistry, description of 1—3
| Forensic chemistry, quality assurance and quality control in 13—14
Forensic chemistry, statistics for 17—42
Forensic drug analysis 267—383
Forensic drug analysis of acidic drugs 296—315
Forensic drug analysis of alkaloids 329—356
Forensic drug analysis of anabolic steroids 306—314 307f 308f 309b 309f 310f 311—313t
Forensic drug analysis of basic drugs 320—383
Forensic drug analysis of basic drugs, critical review of 323—328
Forensic drug analysis of basic drugs, orientation to 320—322 321f
Forensic drug analysis of basic drugs, overview of 320—322 321f
Forensic drug analysis of benzodiazepines 376—379 377—378t
Forensic drug analysis of dissociative anesthetics 375—376 375—376t 377f
Forensic drug analysis of ergot alkaloids 345—354
Forensic drug analysis of gamma hydroxybutyric acid 296—299 296t 297f 298f
Forensic drug analysis of gammabutyrolactone 296—299 296t 297f 298f
Forensic drug analysis of tetrahydrocannabinols 299—306 (see also “Tetrahydrocannabinols (THCs)”)
Forensic drug analysis of xanthines 354 356 356f
Forensic drug analysis, definitive identification in 295—296
Forensic drug analysis, instrumental 295
Forensic drug analysis, microcrystal tests in 293—294
Forensic drug analysis, nonalkaloids 356—379
Forensic drug analysis, orientation to 267—270
Forensic drug analysis, overview of 267—270
Forensic drug analysis, screening in 295
Forensic mind-set 8—9
Forensic science, professional in, becoming and being 10—11
Forensic testimony, history of 9—10b
Forensic, definition of 1
Formaldehyde, forensic analysis and 240—241 241f
Fourier transform spectrometers (FTIRs) 163—166
Fourier transform spectrometers (FTIRs) in fiber color analysis 595
Fourier transform spectrometers (FTIRs) in forensic analysis of inks and paints 514 515f
Fourier transform spectrometers (FTIRs), attenuated total reflectance for 166—167 166f 168f
Fourier transform, in paper identification 569b
FPIA (fluorescence polarization immunoassay) 124—125 126f
Free energy change, of combustion 389
Free-radical mechanism of color production 281
Free-radical mechanism of combustion 398—399 399f
Free-radical reactions, in polymerization of chain-growth polymers 549—550 549f
Froedhe 293t
Frye Rule 5
Frye v. United States 5
FTIRs (Fourier transform spectrometers) 163—166 (see also “Fourier transform spectrometers (FTIRs)”)
Functional group chemistry 267
Galvanization for car surfaces 504 505f
Gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) as anesthetic 297b
Gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), analysis of 296—299 296t 297f 298f
Gammabutyrolactone (GBL), analysis of 296—299 296t 297f 298f
Gas chromatography (GC) in fire debris analysis 438 438f 439f
Gas chromatography (GC), detector systems for 196—201
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) in forensic analysis 7
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) in forensic analysis of inks and paints 517—520
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), renormalization in 351—352b
Gas phase, partitioning with 107
Gas(es), produced by explosions 420—422 420t
Gas(es), produced by propellants in firearms 424
Gas-phase electrophoresis 191—192 193f
Gasoline, oxygenates in 441t
Gauge, of weapons 427 428b
Gaussian curve 19 23f
Gaussian distribution 19 22f
GBL (gammabutyrolactone), analysis of 296—299 296t 297f 298f
GC see “Gas chromatography (GC)”
GCMS see “Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS)”
Gel-pen inks 492
General unknown 7
Gentian violet, structure of 487t
GF (graphite furnace), in elemental analysis 172
GHB (gamma hydroxybutyric acid) as anesthetic 297b
GHB (gamma hydroxybutyric acid), analysis of 296—299 296t 297f 298f
Glass fibers, description of 578t
Glass transition temperature 529 532 532f
Glucose polymers 534—535 538f
Glucose, forms of 533f
Glues, epoxy, forensic analysis of 611 611f
Glycogen 534
GPLM (green plantlike material) 225b
Graphite furnace (GF), in elemental analysis 172
Graphite, colors and examples 482t
Green pigment 17, structure of 487t
Green plantlike material (GPLM) 225b
Green vegetable material (GVM) 225b
Griess test, in gunshot residue analysis 443
Grubbs test 29—31
GSR see “Gunshot residue (GSR)”
Guncotton 427
Gunpowder, composition of 427—429 428f 429f 429t
Gunpowder, history of 428b
Guns, history of 443b
Gunshot residue (GSR) 441—448 442f 443f 444f 446—447b 446f 447f
Gunshot residue (GSR), analysis of elemental and inorganic 443—447 443f 444f 445f 446—447b 447f
Gunshot residue (GSR), analysis of organic 447—448 449—451t 451f
Gunshot residue (GSR), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray techniques in 447 447f
GVM (green vegetable material) 225b
Hair, analysis of, sample preparation for 115b
Half-life 244—245
Hallucinogens 219
Hallucinogens, analytical approach to 349 353—354 354f 355f
Hallucinogens, legal issues and questions on 354
Hapten, drug molecule as 121
Hashish 302f
Hashish, analysis of 299—306
Hashish, color of 271
HDPE (high-density polyethylene), production of 550
Headspace analysis 87—88 89
Headspace methods in fire debris analysis 435 437—438 438f
Headspace methods of partitioning 107
Heat transfer, in combustion 399—401 399f 400f 401f
Hemicellulose 539 540 540f 541f
Hemp 299
Hemp, consumer products from 304
Henderson — Hasselbalch equation 96
Henry’s law 87—88
Heroin (diacetylmorphine), analysis of 329—338
Heroin (diacetylmorphine), analysis of, approach to 338
Heroin (diacetylmorphine), distinguishing characteristics of 335 336f 337
Heroin (diacetylmorphine), elemental analysis of 337—338
Heroin (diacetylmorphine), forensic interest in 333
Heroin (diacetylmorphine), half-life of 254t
Heroin (diacetylmorphine), ingestion methods for 335
Heroin (diacetylmorphine), occluded solvents and impurities in 236—37b
Heroin (diacetylmorphine), preparation of, lime method of 229 230f 333—334
Heroin (diacetylmorphine), production of 334 336f
Heroin (diacetylmorphine), solid forms of, extreme 336f
Heroin (diacetylmorphine), solvent extraction of 337
Heroin (diacetylmorphine), structure of 321f 330t
Heterogeneous assay 124 125f
Hexane as solvent 99
Hexane, characteristics of 100t
Hiding power, of pigment 477
High explosives 417—418 423
High explosives, detonation speeds and structures of 415—417t
High-density polyethylene (HDPE), production of 550
High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in dating inks 523 525f
High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in forensic analysis of inks and paints 517—520 520
High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), detector system in 202—203
High-spin complexes 290f 291
HMX, structure and detonation speed of 416t
Hollow cathode lamp 176 176f
Hollow viscose 543
Homogeneous sample 33—34
Homolytic cleavage 549 549f
Homopolymer 555
Hot-stage microscopy, in fiber analysis 580
HPLC see “High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)”
Hue, definition of 470
Human-performance drugs 221
Human-performance toxicology 240
Hybridoma cells, in monoclonal antibody production 122f 123
Hydrocodone, medical uses of 333
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