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| Ïîèñê ïî óêàçàòåëÿì |
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| Bell S. — Forensic Chemistry |
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| Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü |
Circumstantial evidence 6
Civil law 3 4
Classification, in forensic chemistry 2—3
Clearance rate 244
Club drugs 221
Clustering, in exploratory data analysis 57—60
CMY color system 473 474 474f
Coagulation, in film formation 501
Coatings see also “Paints”
Coatings, components of 498
Coatings, layer systems for 503—504 504f
Coatings, terminology for 493t
Cobalt thiocyanate test 270
Cobalt thiocyanate, reaction of cocaine with 291 292f 293f
Coca paste, in cocaine production 338
Cocaine, analysis of 338—345 338t 339—340t 340f 341f 342f 343f
Cocaine, analysis of, approach to 343
Cocaine, brick form of 341f
Cocaine, cobalt thiocyanate reaction with 291 292f 293f
Cocaine, diluents of 342
Cocaine, diluents of, Raman spectroscopy of 344—345b
Cocaine, extraction of 341 342f 343f
Cocaine, half-life of 254t
Cocaine, legal issues and questions on 343
Cocaine, occluded solvents and impurities in 236—237b
Cocaine, powder form of 340f
Cocaine, profiling of 342
Cocaine, residual solvents in 238t
Cocaine, structure of 269f 321f 339t
Codeine, forensic interest in 333
Codeine, history of 332
Codeine, medical uses of 333
Coefficient(s) of variation (CV), definition of 24—26
Coefficient(s), correlation 49 49f
Coefficient(s), partition 95
Coextracted compounds, in profiling 234
Collisional model, of combustion 398
COLOR 460—508 (see also “Colorants”)
Color, additive 473—174 474f
Color, converting to numerical description 461 462f
Color, definition of 271
Color, hue of 470
Color, interference, in fiber analysis 583—587 585f 587f
Color, lightness of 470
Color, overview of 460
Color, presumptive tests based on 267 270—293
Color, quantitative view of 461—475
Color, quantitative view of, CIE system in 461—473
Color, quantitative view of, CMY system in 473 474 474f
Color, quantitative view of, Munsell color system in 473 473f
Color, quantitative view of, RGB system in 473—174 474f
Color, saturation of 469
Color, shade of 469
Color, subtractive 474 474f
Color, value of 470
Colorants 475—506 (see also “Color”)
Colorants in fiber analysis 591—595 591f 592f 593f 594f 596f 597f 598f
Colorants in paints/coatings 498
Colorants, applications of, in computer printing 493—197
Colorants, applications of, in inks 488—493 (see also “Inks”)
Colorants, applications of, in mechanical printing 497
Colorants, applications of, in paint 498—506
Colorants, definition of 271 460
Colorants, dyes as 475 (see also “Dyes”)
Colorants, pigments as 475 (see also “Pigments”)
Colorimeters 156
Combustion as exothermic reaction 385—386
Combustion, adiabatic 392
Combustion, chemistry of 384—431
Combustion, collisional model of 398
Combustion, continuum of 384—388
Combustion, deflagration and 403
Combustion, detonation and 403
Combustion, free-radical mechanism of 398—399 399f
Combustion, heat transfer in 399—101 399f 400f 401f
Combustion, kinetics of 397—399
Combustion, mass transfer in 401—403 402f
Combustion, physical evidence associated with 432—459
Combustion, physical evidence associated with, from explosives 448 452—457 453b 454f 455b 456f
Combustion, physical evidence associated with, gunshot residue as 441—448 442f 443f 444f 446—447b 446f 447f
Combustion, physical evidence associated with, in arson and fire investigation 433—141 (see also “Arson and fire investigation”)
Combustion, physical evidence associated with, overview of 432
Combustion, spontaneous, human 44CM41b
Combustion, thermodynamics of 388—397
Compensators, in fiber analysis 583 585 586—587 587f
Competitive immunoassays 123—124 124f
Computer printing, impact technology for 493—494 494f
Computer printing, non-impact technologies for 494—497 494f 495f 496f
Condensation, in Ehrlich’s test 285
Cones, in color perception 469b
Confidence interval 95%, definition of 26
Conjugation, color perception and 274 274f
Control chart(s) in equipment monitoring 74—75 75f 76f 77f
Control chart(s), definition of 65
Control(s), blind 70—71
Control(s), negative 70
Control(s), open 70
Control(s), positive 70
Controlled substances act 223—224 224t
Cook, red, in methamphetamine synthesis 364f 365
Coordination complexes, from Lewis acid-base interaction 288
Copolymers 529 531f
Copolymers, arrangements of 531f
Correlation coefficient 49 49f
Correlations, in exploratory data analysis 51—53 53t
Cotton fibers 541—542
Cotton, fireproofing of 541—542b
Coupling reactions 278
Criminal law 3 4
Cross-reactivity, in immunoassays 123 123b
Crystal field theory (CFT) 289
Crystal tests, in drug analysis 293—294
Crystalline materials, polarized light and 145 147f
Crystals, polarized light and 146—147 147f
Curing time, for paints 498
Curing, of paints 501
Custody, chain of 6
Cutting agents 228—229 228f
Cyanopropyl, characteristics of 110t
Cyclodextrins 205—206 206f
Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine, structure and detonation speed of 416t
Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine, structure and detonation speed of 416t
Cystolithic hairs, in marijuana identification 304 305f
CZE (capillary zone electrophoresis) 189
D, L convention, for naming basic drugs 325 325f
Danazol, structure of 311f
Data analysis, exploratory 49—53
Data comparability 62—63
Data sets, comparison of 31—33
Data, multidimensional 51 53—55 54f
Data, reliability of 46
Data, three-dimensional 203 204b
Data, uncertainty of 46
Database, PDQ (Paint Data Query) 509
Dating, of inks and paints, analysis for 521—524 522f 523f 524f
Daubert Decision 5
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals 5
Definitive identification 295—296
Definitive identification in forensic analysis 7
Deflagration in combustion continuum 384—386 385f
Deflagration, combustion and detonation and 403
Deflagration, fires and 403—4113
Degressive-burning powders 429
Dependence, psychological 223
Dependent variable 48
Depressants 219
Depth of focus, of microscope 144
Derivatization 203—205 205t
Derivatization in chromatography 361—363b
Designer steroids 310—311b
| Destructive testing, of evidence 6
Detection, limit of 48
Deterrent, progressive-burning powder and 429
Detonation speeds, of explosives 415—417t
Detonation wave 413—414 414f
Detonation(s) in combustion continuum 384—386 385f
Detonation(s) of bomb, effects of 418 419f
Detonation(s), combustion and deflagration and 403
Developers, for drugs, in thin-layer chromatography 117—118
Deviations, standard, definition of 22—24
DFSA (drug-facilitated sexual assault) agents 221
DHS (dynamic headspace) methods, of partitioning 107
Di-ion 103—104
Diacetylmorphine (heroin), forensic interest in 333
Diacetylmorphine (heroin), structure of 330t
Diarylmethines 278
Diazepam, introduction of 378
Diazepam, structure of 377t
Diazonium salts 278
Dibenzofuran method of naming cannabinols 299 302f
Dibutylphthalate, function and formula of 449t
Dichloromethane, characteristics of 100t
Dichroic ratio, in fiber analysis 604
Dichroism 148
Dichroism in fiber analysis 581
Die, master, in mechanical printing 497
Diethyl ether, characteristics of 100t
Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry (DRIFTS) 165—166 166f
Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry (DRIFTS) in forensic analysis of inks and paints 514
Diffusion, in gas chromatography 196
Digestions, in sample preparation 86 86f
Dilaudid see “Hydromorphone”
Dilli — Koppanyi 288 293t
Diluents 228—229 228f
Diluents in profiling 236 238—239
Diluents of cocaine 342
Diluents of cocaine, Raman spectroscopy of 344—345b
Diluents, definition of 228
Dinitrotoluenes (DNT), function and formula of 449t
Dioctylphthalate, function and formula of 450t
Diol, characteristics of 110t
Diphenlamine, function and formula of 450t
Direct evidence 6
Disaccharides, formation of 535f
Disaccharides, linkages in 536f
Dispersing agents, in paints 504
Dispersion staining 137
Dispersion techniques 137
Dispersive gratings in spectrometers 156
Dissociative anesthetics, analysis of 375—376 375—376t 377f
Dissociative anesthetics, structure of 269t
Distillation, crude-oil 437b
distribution 249—252 251f
Distribution, apparent volume of 250—251
Distribution, binomial 37—39
Distribution, hypergeometric, in subset sample selection 37—39
Distribution, normal, in subset sample selection 36—37
Dixon test 29 30
DNT see “Dinitrotoluenes (DNT)”
Dopamine, structure of 219t 323t
Dot matrix printers, ink delivery in 493—494 494f
Double-base smokeless powder 427 428 428f 429t
Dragendorff test 293t
Dreyfus Case, probability-based arguments and 40b
DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry) 165—166 166f
Dronabinol 304
Dronabinol, classification of 217
Drug recognition experts (DREs) 258b
Drug(s) as evidence 225—241
Drug(s) as evidence, biological 239—241 241f 241t
Drug(s) as evidence, cutting agents and 228—229 228f
Drug(s) as evidence, physical 225—227
Drug(s) as evidence, profiling and 229—239 (see also “Profiling of drug sample”)
Drug(s) of abuse, half-lives of 254t
Drug(s) on paper currency 341b
Drug(s), abuse of, sociocultural factors and 214—215
Drug(s), acid-base classification of 96—99
Drug(s), classification of 212—213
Drug(s), classification of, by general effect 217—221
Drug(s), classification of, by origin and function 216—217
Drug(s), classification of, by schedule 222—225
Drug(s), classification of, by use 221—222
Drug(s), club 221
Drug(s), cutting agents for 228—229 228f
Drug(s), definition of 213
Drug(s), definitive identification of 295—296
Drug(s), developers for, in thin-layer chromatography 117—118
Drug(s), dosage considerations for 259—260
Drug(s), dyes in, analysis of 513b
Drug(s), human-performance 221
Drug(s), human-performance, analysis of 306—314 307f 308f 309b 309f 310f 311—313t
Drug(s), mode of ingestion of 242—243 243f 243t 245f
Drug(s), natural 216
Drug(s), neutral 267 268f
Drug(s), predator 221
Drug(s), recreational, history of 223b
Drug(s), semisynthetic 216—217
Drug(s), synthetic 217
Drug(s), “club” 360 (see also “MDMA (ecstasy)”)
Drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) agents 221
Dry extraction 99
Drying oils 501—502
duplicates 71 71f
Duquenois — Levine test for marijuana 270 287—288 287f 304—305
Dyes 271 278 475
Dyes for cotton fibers 575b
Dyes in drugs, analysis of 513b
Dyes in fiber analysis 591—595 591f 592f 593f 594f 596f 597f 598f
Dyes in paper production 547
Dyes, classification of 482—483
Dyes, classification of, by chromophore 485—487t
Dyes, classification of, by functional behavior or application method 483—184t
Dyes, definition of 278
Dyes, differentiating pigments from 475—477 475f
Dyes, history of 487b
Dynamic headspace (DHS) methods, of partitioning 107
Ecstasy see “MDMA (ecstasy)”
EDA (exploratory data analysis) 49—53
Effective dose 259 260f
Ehrlich’s reagent, as developer for drugs 117
Ehrlich’s test 285 285f
Elastoester fibers, description of 578t
Elastomers 559—560
Elavil (amitriptyline), structure of 378t
Electromagnetic spectrum 133f
Electron impact ionization/quadrupole mass filter 199—200 200f
Electronic spectroscopy, definition of 150
Electrophoresis 187
Electrophoresis, capillary 188—189b 188—191 190f 191f 192f
Electrophoresis, gas-phase 191—192 193f
Electrophoresis, slab-gel 187 187f
Electrophoretic instruments 186—203
Electrophoretic instruments, chromatographic inlets in 192—196 194f 195f
Electrophoretic instruments, detector systems in 196—201
Elemental analysis 172—181
Elemental analysis of fibers 605—606
Elemental analysis of inks and paints 520
Elimination, drug 254—256 256—257f
ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) 127 127f
Elongation sign, in fiber analysis 583
Eluents in reversed phase solid-phase extraction 111
Eluents in solid-phase extraction using multifunctional columns 112
Embalming process, forensic analysis and 240—241 241f
Emde synthesis 370 371f
EMIT (enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique) 125 126f 127
Enanatiomers, separation of 326—327b
Enantioselective derivation 206
Endogenous substance, in drug metabolism 253
Endorphins, similarity of opiate alkaloids to 333
Energy, definition of 388
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