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| Àâòîðèçàöèÿ |
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| Ïîèñê ïî óêàçàòåëÿì |
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| Bell S. — Forensic Chemistry |
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| Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü |
 (lorazepam) 378
 (flurazepam) 378
 -Tetrahydrocannabinol, structure of 303t
 -Tetrahydrocannabinol, structure of 303t
-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, structure of 303t
 259 260f
 (acid reaction) 89
 , (base reaction) 89
 (octanol-water partition coefficient) 92—95
 (dissolution reaction) 89
 259 260f
% error, definition of 20—22
1, 3, 5-Triamino—2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene, structure and detonation speed of 417t
1-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)ethylamine (PCE), structure of 376t
1-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidine (PHP), structure of 376t
1-Phenylcyclohexalamine, structure of 375t
1-Piperidinocyclohexane carbonitrile (PCC), structure of 375t
2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), function and formula of 449t
2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene, structure and detonation speed of 415t
2-Nitrodiphenlyamine, function and formula of 450t
2-Propanol, characteristics of 100t
3, 4, 5-Trimethoxyphenethylamine, structure of 348t
3, 4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine, structure of 359t
3, 4-Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, structure of 359t
3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, structure of 359t
4-Nitrodiphenylamine, function and formula of 450t
6-O-Monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), formation of 334 336f
6-O-Monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), structure of 330t
95% confidence interval, definition of 26
AAFS (American Academy of Forensic Sciences) 11
AAS (atomic absorption spectrometry) 173—178
ABC (American Board of Criminalistics) 11
ABFT (American Board of Forensic Toxicology) 11
Absolute error, definition of 20
Absolute uncertainty 16
Absorbance, spectroscopy and 154 155f
Absorption 247—249 249f
Accelerants, in arson and fire investigation 433—434
Accreditation, of laboratory 69
Accuracy, definition of 65
Acetaminophen, structure of 315f
Acetate fibers, description of 576t
Acetic anhydride, formation of 334 334f
Acetone, characteristics of 100t
Acetonitrile, characteristics of 100t
Acetylcodeine, structure of 330t
Acetylsalicylic acid, structure of 315f
Achromatic color 273
Acid-base-neutral extractions 104—106 105f 106f
Acidic drugs, forensic drug analysis of 296—315
acids 267 268f
Acrylic fibers, description of 576t
ACS (American Chemical Society) 11
Active headspace methods, of partitioning 107
Addiction, physical 223
Addition polymers 548 548f
Additive color systems 473—474 474f
Adhesives, forensic analysis of 609—611 610b 611f
Adiabatic combustion 392
Adulterants in profiling 236 238—239
Adulterants, definition of 228
Adversarial system 3 4f
AES (atomic emission spectroscopy) 178—179
Affinity, relative 96
Aging of inks and paints, analysis for 521—524 522f 523f 524f
Aging of paper 572—574
Aliquot 71
Alkaloids, analysis of 329—356
Alkaloids, as natural products 216
Alkaloids, ergot, analysis of 345—354 (see also “Hallucinogens”)
Alkaloids, opiate see also “Opiate alkaloids”
Alkaloids, opiate, analysis of 329—338 329f 330—332t 333f 334f 336f
Alkaloids, opiate, tropane 338—345 (see also “Cocaine”)
Alkaloids, opiate, tryptamine, analysis of 346 349
Alkaloids, opiate, xanthine, analysis of 354 356 356f
Alkyd resins, in paints 501
Allocaine, structure of 339t
Alprazolam, structure of 377t
Alto, in mechanical printing 497
Alumina A, characteristics of 110t
Alumina B, characteristics of 110t
Alumina N, characteristics of 110t
Alzarin, structure of 485t
American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) 11
American Board of Criminalistics (ABC) 11
American Board of Forensic Toxicology (ABFT) 11
American Chemical Society (ACS) 11
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), standards of, for fire debris analysis 435t
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), standards of, for paint and ink analysis 509
American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors LAB program (ASCLD) 11
Aminopropyl, characteristics of 110t
Amitriptyline, structure of 378t
Ammunition, types of 425f
Amorphous solid 529 532f
Amphetamines 356t (see also “Methamphetamine”)
Amphetamines, analysis of 356—375
Amphetamines, history of 357
Amphetamines, precursors of 360—361 364f
Amphetamines, structure of 358t
Amphoteric drugs, extraction and partitioning in 103—104
Amylopectin 534 535 538f 539f
Amylose 534—535 538f 539f
Anabolic steroids, analysis of 306—314 307f 308f 309b 309f 310f 311—313t
Analgesics 217—219
Analyst, certification of 69
Analytical balances, calibration of 74
Analytical chemistry, statistics for 17—42
Analytical errors, types of 72—74 73f
Analytical protocols, in method validation 68
Analytical separations, history of 92b
Androstane, structure of 310f
Anesthetics, dissociative, analysis of 375—376 375—376t 377f
Anesthetics, dissociative, structure of 269f
ANFO in Oklahoma City explosion 420b
Angel dust see “Phencyclidine (PCP “angel
Angle aperture, in microscopy 142 143f 144
Anhydroglucose polymers 534
Anidex fibers, description of 578t
Anion binding, characteristics of 110t
Anionic polymerization 550 553—554b 553f
Anisotropic materials, retardation and 147
Anisotropy, in fiber analysis 582—583
Anomeric carbon 532 533 533f 534f
Anthraquinones, colors and examples 481t
Anthraquinones, structure and example of 485t
Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 224
Antibody(ies) in immunoassay 121
Antibody(ies), monoclonal, production of 122—123 122f
Antifoaming agents in inks 488
Antifoaming agents in paints 502—503
Antigen, in immunoassay 121
Antiserum, production of 121—122
Antiserum, titer of 121 121b
Aperture(s) in Kohler illumination 141
Aperture(s), angle, in microscopy 142 143f 144
Aperture(s), numerical, of objective lenses 144
Aramid fibers, description of 578t
Arsenic, metallic, isolation of, historical 239—240b
Arson and fire investigation 433—441
Arson and fire investigation, accelerants in 433—434
Arson and fire investigation, forensic analysis of fire debris in 434—440 434t 435t 436f 437f 438f 439f 440—441b 441t
Arson and fire investigation, incendiary devices in 433—434
Arson, solid-phase microextraction and 114 115
Aryl groups 278
ASCLD (American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors), LAB program 11
Aspirin, history of 217b
Aspirin, toxicological factors for 253f
ASTM see “American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)”
ASTM E122 -  , in subset sample selection 36
Athletes, sample analysis for banned substances in 222b
| Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) 173—178
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) 178—179
ATR (attenuated total reflectance) 166—167 166f 168f
Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) 166—167 166f 168f
Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) in fiber analysis 601
Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) in fiber color analysis 596
Automotive paints 503—506 504—506b 504f
Auxochrome 274 274f 275f
Average, definition of 19
Aza linkage 278
Aziridine, formation of, in Emde synthesis 370 371f
Azlon fibers, description of 577t
Azo coupling 278
Azo dyes and pigments 278 279f
Azo dyes and pigments, colors and examples 481t
Azo dyes and pigments, structure and examples of 485t
Balances, analytical, calibration of 74
Ballpoint pen inks 492
Bandwidth, spectral 159 159f 160f
Barbiturates, analysis of 314
Barbiturates, structure of 268f
Barbituric acid, structure of 314f
Baseline resolution, of spectral peaks 159 160f
Basic drugs 269f
Basic drugs, critical review of 323—328
Basic drugs, forensic drug analysis of 320—383
Basic drugs, physiological effects of 320 322
Basic drugs, sources of 320
Basic drugs, stereochemistry of 323—328
batch 70
Bathochromic shift 274 275f
Bayesian statistics 41—42
Beating, in paper production 545—546 545f
Becke line technique, in determining refractive index of fiber 583 584f
Beer’s law 152 273
Bell curve 19 23f
Benzidine yellow, structure of 481t
Benzocaine, structure of 340t
Benzodiazepines, analysis 376—379 377—378t
Benzodiazepines, structure of 269f 321f
Benzoylecgonine, structure of 268f
Bertrand lens 141—142
Bias, definition of 65
Bicomponent fibers, fabrication of 562 563b
Binding agents, in paints/coatings 498 501—502 501f 502f 503f
Binding strength, in immunoassay 121
Binomial distribution 37—39
Biopolymers 528 529f 532—547
Birch method, of methamphetamine synthesis 364f 365 367—368 370 370f 371f
Birefringence 147—148
Birefringence in fiber analysis 583
Blackbody radiator 461
Blank samples 70
Blanks, in calibration checks 75
Bleaching agents, in profiling cocaine 342
Bleaching, in paper production 545 545f
Blind controls 70—71
Blood-brain barrier 250b
Boldenone, structure of 311t
Boltzmann distribution 174—176
Bonds, polarizable 169—171 170f
Bouyant flames 412
Bright-field illumination, in fiber analysis 581
Brisance 418
BSTFA, in derivatization of gamma hydroxybutyric acid 299
Bulk methods, of elemental analysis 179
Bullets, characterization of 446—447b
Caffeine, as heroin diluent/adulterant 335
Caliber 427 428b
Calibration 74—81
Calibration checks 71
Calibration of instruments 75—81 78f 79f 80f 81f
Calibration-check sample 75 78f
Camphor, function and formula of 449t
Cannabidiol (CBD), color of, with Fast Blue B 305
Cannabidiol (CBD), structure of 303t
Cannabinoids, analysis of 299—306 300f 301f 302f 303—304t 305f
Cannabinoids, half-life of 254t
Cannabinoids, legal issues and questions on 305—306
Cannabinoids, structures of 303—304t
Cannabinol (CBN), color of, with Fast Blue B 305
Cannabinol (CBN), structure of 303t
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) 188—189b 188—191 190f 191f 192f
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) in analysis of explosives 456—457
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) 189
Carbitol, synthesis of 489 489f
Carbocations 280b 281
Carbon, anomeric 532 533 533f 534f
Carbonyls 279
Carbonyls, structure and example of 485t
Cassegrain system, in microspectrophotometry 182 182f 183f
Cathine in khat 372
Cathine, structure of 359t
Cathinone in khat 372
Cathinone, structure of 359t
Cathode lamp, hollow 176 176f
Cationic dyes and pigments, structure and example of 486t
Cationic polymerization 550 552f
CBD (cannabidiol), color of, with Fast Blue B 305
CBD (cannabidiol), structure of 303t
CBN (cannabinol), color of, with Fast Blue B 305
CBN (cannabinol), structure of 303t
CDTA (Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act) 224—225 363
CE see “Capillary electrophoresis (CE)”
Cellophane 528—529 529f
Cellophane, forensic analysis of 610
Celluloid 543b
Cellulose 528 536—537 539—541 540f 541f 542f
Cellulose acetate 543b 544
Cellulose, degrading of 574
Cellulose, linkages in 536—537 540f
Cellulose, reformulated 542—544
Cellulose, regenerated 542—544 542f
Cellusolve, synthesis of 489 489f
Central nervous system (CNS), depressants of 219
Central nervous system (CNS), opiate effects on 218 218f
Central nervous system (CNS), stimulants of 221
Certification of analyst 69
Certification of forensic professional 11
CFT (crystal field theory) 289
Chain of custody 6
Chain-growth polymers 548—553 548f 549f 550f 551—552t 552f 553f 554f
Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act (CDTA) 224—225 363
Chemical fingerprinting 229—239 (see also “Profiling of drug sample”)
Chemistry, origins of 2b
Chemistry, precedent in 3—4
Chemometrics, definition of 48
Chiral separations 205—206 206f
Chitin 534 537f
Chloroform, characteristics of 100t
Cholesterol, structure of 310f
Chroma 469 470
Chromates, colors and examples 482t
Chromatic color 273
Chromaticity diagram 467—470 468f 470f
Chromatographic inlets, in electrophoretic instruments 192—196 194f 195f
Chromatography in analysis of explosives 455
Chromatography in fiber analysis 588 590
Chromatography in forensic analysis 7
Chromatography, history of 119b
Chromatography, planar 116—119 (see also “Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)”)
Chromatography, thin-layer 116—119 117f 118f 120f
Chromophore 273—274
Chromophore, dyes and pigments grouped by 485—187t
CIE system of color quantification 461—473
CIE system of color quantification, chromaticity diagram in 467—470 468f 470f
CIE system of color quantification, illumination in 461—463 462f
CIE system of color quantification, observer contribution to 463—464 463f 464f
CIE system of color quantification, tristimulus values in 461 464
CIELAB system 470—473 470f 471f 472f
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