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                    | Lakowicz J.R. — Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy |  
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                    | Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü |  
                    | | Indole, solvent effects      449—450 Indole, spectral relaxation      221—222
 Indole, TD tifetime, multiexponential decays      121—122
 Infrared and NIR fluorescence, dyes      74—75
 Infrared and NIR fluorescence, light sources      30
 Infrared and NIR fluorescence, literature references      657
 Infrared filters      38
 Inner filter effects      52—54
 Instrument response function      409
 Instrumentation      25—59
 Instrumentation, corrected emission spectra      51—52
 Instrumentation, corrected emission spectra, comparison with known emission spectra      51 637
 Instrumentation, corrected emission spectra, conversion between wavelength and wavenumber      52
 Instrumentation, corrected emission spectra, correction factors obtained with standard lamp      51—52
 Instrumentation, corrected emission spectra, quantum counter and scatterer use      52
 Instrumentation, corrected excitation spectra      50—51
 Instrumentation, excitation and emission spectra      25—28
 Instrumentation, excitation and emission spectra, distortions in      28
 Instrumentation, excitation and emission spectra, ideal spectrofluorometer      27—28
 Instrumentation, frequency-domain lifetime measurements      147—152 173 174
 Instrumentation, frequency-domain lifetime measurements, 200-MHz fluorometers      147—149
 Instrumentation, frequency-domain lifetime measurements, cross-correlation detection      150
 Instrumentation, frequency-domain lifetime measurements, frequency synthesizers      150
 Instrumentation, frequency-domain lifetime measurements, history      147
 Instrumentation, frequency-domain lifetime measurements, laser diode excitation      173 174
 Instrumentation, frequency-domain lifetime measurements, LED excitation      173—175
 Instrumentation, frequency-domain lifetime measurements, light modulators      149—150
 Instrumentation, frequency-domain lifetime measurements, photomultiplier tubes      150—151
 Instrumentation, frequency-domain lifetime measurements, principles of measurement      151—152
 Instrumentation, frequency-domain lifetime measurements, radio-frequency amplifiers      150
 Instrumentation, frequency-domain lifetime measurements, simple FD instruments      173—175
 Instrumentation, light absorption and deviation from Beer — Lambert law      56—57
 Instrumentation, light sources      28—32
 Instrumentation, light sources, arc and incandescent lamps      28—30
 Instrumentation, light sources, solid-state      31—32
 Instrumentation, monochromators      32—36
 Instrumentation, monochromators, calibration of      35—36
 Instrumentation, monochromators, polarization characteristics of      33—34
 Instrumentation, monochromators, second-order transmission in      35
 Instrumentation, monochromators, wavelength resolution and emission spectra      33
 Instrumentation, optical filters      36—39
 Instrumentation, optical filters and signal purity      39—41
 Instrumentation, optical filters, bandpass      36
 Instrumentation, optical filters, combination      38—39
 Instrumentation, optical filters, interference      36—38
 Instrumentation, optical filters, neutral density      39
 Instrumentation, photomoltipher tubes      41—48
 Instrumentation, photomoltipher tubes, CCD detectors      47—48
 Instrumentation, photomoltipher tubes, failure of, symptoms      47
 Instrumentation, photomoltipher tubes, hybrid      47 48
 Instrumentation, photomoltipher tubes, photon counting versus analog detection of fluorescence      46 48
 Instrumentation, photomoltipher tubes, PMT designs and dynode chains      43—44
 Instrumentation, photomoltipher tubes, spectral response      42—43
 Instrumentation, photomoltipher tubes, time response of      44—46
 Instrumentation, polarizers      48—49
 Instrumentation, quantum counters      50—51
 Instrumentation, quantum yield standards      52—53
 Instrumentation, sample geometry effects      53—55
 Instrumentation, sample preparation, common errors in      55—56
 Instrumentation, time-correlated single-photon counting      see “Time-correlated single-photon counting”
 Instrumentation, two-photon and multiphoton excitation      57—59
 Intensity decay      492—493
 Intensity decay laws      129—132
 Intensity decay laws, lifetime distributions      130—131
 Intensity decay laws, multiexponential decay      129—130
 Intensity decay laws, stretched exponentials      131
 Intensity decay laws, transient effects      131
 Intensity decay, least-squares analysis      144—146
 Intensity decay, multiexponential model      98
 Intensity decay, ribonuclease
  , structure effects      493 Intensity decay, time-domain lifetime measurements      132—136
 Intensity decay, time-domain lifetime measurements, chlorphyll aggregates in hexane      134
 Intensity decay, time-domain lifetime measurements, erythrosyn B, picosecond decay time      133—134
 Intensity decay, time-domain lifetime measurements, FAD      134—135
 Intensity decay, time-domain lifetime measurements, green fluorescent protein, systematic data errors      133
 Intensity decay, time-domain lifetime measurements, microsecond luminescence decays      135
 Intensity decay, time-domain lifetime measurements, single-tryptophan protein      132—133
 Intensity decay, time-domain lifetime measurements, subpicosecond intensity decays      135—136
 Intensity decay, tryptophan, decay-associated emiasion spectra      490—491
 Intensity decay, tryptophan, neutral tryptophan derivatives      491—492
 Intensity decay, tryptophan, rotamer model      488—489
 Interference filters      36—38
 Internal charge transfer OCT)      186—187 199 200—201 205 515
 Intramolecular quenching      257—258
 Intrinsic/natural fluorescence      15 63—66
 Intrinsic/natural fluorescence of proteins      480—481
 Intrinsic/natural fluorescence, enzyme cofactors      63—66
 Iodide      17
 Iodide, absorption spectra      249
 Iodide, quenching by      18 240 241 256
 Iodide, quenching by, chloride probe      540
 Iodide, quenching by, proteins      463
 Ion indicators/probes/sensors      16 78 379—380 543 565—566
 Ion indicators/probes/sensors, analyte recognition probes      552—559
 Ion indicators/probes/sensors, analyte recognition probes, calcium and magnesium      556—559
 Ion indicators/probes/sensors, analyte recognition probes, cation probe specificity      552—553
 Ion indicators/probes/sensors, analyte recognition probes, sodium and potassium      554—556
 Ion indicators/probes/sensors, chloride      539—541
 Ion indicators/probes/sensors, energy-transfer mechanisms      543—544 545
 Ion indicators/probes/sensors, oxygen      536—538 539
 Ion indicators/probes/sensors, photoindnced electron-transfer (PET) probes      551—552
 Ionic quenchers      251 (see also “Specific ions”)
 Ionization, naphthol      516—518
 Ionization, tyrosine      450—451
 IR-125      74 75 76
 IR-144      173 174
 Isomers, rotational      239—230 445 488—489
 Isoxanthopterin      77 78
 Jabionski diagram, solvent effects      198
 Jablonski diagram      4—6
 Jablonski diagram, collisional queaching and resonance energy transfer      11
 Jablonski diagram, lanthanide probe      86
 Jablonski diagram, red-edge excitation      231
 Jablonski diagram, solvent relaxation      185 211
 Jablonski, Alexander      4—5
 JOE      599 600
 Kasha’s rule      187 447
 KFU 111      544 545
 Kosower Z-scale      193
 L-format anisotropy measurement or single-channel method      298—299 300
 La Jolla Blue      611
 Labeling, incomplete, energy transfer studies      418—419
 Lactate dehydrogenase      475—476 477 493
 Lactoglobulin      304
 Lands, membrane      see “Membranes”
 Lands, metal-ligand complex probes      581 582
 Lands, pyrene-labeled      80 271 272
 Lands, pyrene-labeled, pyrenyl-DPPE      278
 Lands, pyrene-labeled, pyrenyl-PC      72—73
 Lanthanide MLCs      86 87
 Lanthanide MLCs, long-lifetime probes      86 87
 Lanthanide MLCs, quenching      440
 Lanthanide MLCs, retinal energy transfer study      435
 Laser diodes      21
 Laser diodes, DNA technology      601 602
 Laser diodes, frequency-domain lifetime measurements      173 174
 Laser diodes, human serum albumen measurement with      75
 Laser diodes, instrumentation      31 32
 Lasers, DNA technology      601 602
 Lasers, frequency-domain lifetime measurements      155
 Lasers, literature references      657
 Lasers, monochromators      37
 Lasers, multiphoton excitation      480
 Lasers, solvent effects on emission spectra, Prodan      200—201
 Lasers, time-correlated single-photon counting, picosecond dye devices      104—106
 Lasers, time-correlated single-photon counting, solid-state devices      109
 Lateral diffusion in membranes      278
 Laurdan      200 201
 Lead      239 590
 Least-squares analysis      97 98 159 419
 
 | Least-squares analysis, frequency-domain lifetime measurements      159 Least-squares analysis, intensity decays      144—146
 Least-squares analysis, literature references      655
 Least-squares analysis, Stern-Volmer plots      255
 Least-squares analysis, time-domain lifetime measurements      119—120
 Least-squares analysis, TRES      230
 LED      see “Light-emitting diodes”
 Lethicin vesicles      232—233
 Lifetime (decay time) (
  )      5—6 Lifetime (decay time) (
  ), collisional queaching and      222—224 Lifetime (decay time) (
  ), examples of      97—98 Lifetime (decay time) (
  ), frequency-domain      see “Frequency-domain lifetime measurements” Lifetime (decay time) (
  ), literature references      653 Lifetime (decay time) (
  ), meaning of      96—97 Lifetime (decay time) (
  ), phase-modulation      523 Lifetime (decay time) (
  ), phase-modulation, apparent lifetimes      177—178 Lifetime (decay time) (
  ), phase-modulation, Lifetime (decay time) (  ), principles      10—12 Lifetime (decay time) (
  ), phase-modulation, phase angle and modulation      178—180 Lifetime (decay time) (
  ), phase-modulation, quenching      11 Lifetime (decay time) (
  ), phase-modulation, time scale of molecular processes in solution      11—12 Lifetime (decay time) (
  ), protein folding and      474 Lifetime (decay time) (
  ), quantum yield and      452 Lifetime (decay time) (
  ), steady state intensity and      14 Lifetime (decay time) (
  ), time-domain      see “Time-domain lifetime measurements” Lifetime distributions, time-domain lifetime measurements      130—131
 Lifetime imaging      629
 Lifetime immunoassays based on RET      586—587
 Lifetime reference      115
 Lifetime standards      645—649
 Lifetime standards, frequency-domain intensity decays, representative      646 650
 Lifetime standards, nanosecond      645
 Lifetime standards, picosecond      646—649
 Lifetime standards, time-domain      647 649
 Lifetime, natural      10 453
 Lifetime-based probes and sensing      534—535
 Lifetime-based probes and sensing, DNA sequencing      604
 Lifetime-based probes and sensing, metal-ligand complexes      86—8 (see also “Metal-ligand complexes”)
 Lifetime-based probes and sensing, oxygen      537
 Lifetime-resolved anisotropy      310—311
 Lifetime-resolved emission spectra, relaxation dynamics      222—224
 Ligand analogs      81
 Ligand binding, proteins      465—466
 Light absorption and deviation from Beer — Lambert law      56—57
 Light modulators, frequency-domain lifetime measurements      149—150
 Light modulators, monochromators      32—36
 Light sources      26
 Light sources, instrnmentation      28—32
 Light sources, time-correlated single-photon counting      103—109
 Light sources, time-correlated single-photon counting, femtosecond titanium:sapphire lasers      106—107
 Light sources, time-correlated single-photon counting, flaslamps      107—108 109
 Light sources, time-correlated single-photon counting, picosecond dye lasers      104—106
 Light sources, time-correlated single-photon counting, solid-state lasers      109
 light-emitting diodes      31
 Light-emitting diodes, FD lifetime measurements      173—175
 Light-emitting diodes, instrnmentation      31—32
 Light-generated probe arrays, DNA hybridization      612—613
 Lipids, membrane, boundary      273—274
 Lipids, membrane, distributions around Gramicidin      384—385
 Lipids, membrane, energy transfer      425 437
 Lipids, membrane, exchange of      386
 Lipids, membrane, lipid-water partitioning effects      274—276
 Lippert equation      187—194
 Lippert equation, application of      191—193
 Lippert equation, derivation of      187—191
 Lippert equation, polarity scales      193—194
 Lippert plots, solvent effects      196—198
 Liquid crystals      312—313
 Lissamine rhodamine B      70
 Literature      653—657
 Liver alcohol dehydrogenase      493 508
 Localized quenchers, membranes      270—272
 Long-lifetime probes      86—88
 Long-wavelength standards      639—642
 Longitudinal relaxation times      224
 Lorentzian distribution, correlation time      330
 Lucifer Yellow      69
 Lucigenin      539—541
 Lumazine      497
 Luminescence decays      135
 Luminescence, defined      1
 Lysozyme      246—247
 MACA (N-methylacridinium-9-carboxamide)      539—541
 Macromolecular associations, RET for measurement of      378—382
 Macromolecular associations, RET for measurement of, calcium indicators      379—380
 Macromolecular associations, RET for measurement of, DNA oligomer association kinetics      380—381
 Macromolecular associations, RET for measurement of, energy transfer efficiency from enhanced acceptor fluorescence      381—382
 Macromolecular associations, RET for measurement of, protein kinase subunit dissociation      378—379
 Mag-INDO-1      559
 Magic angle conditions      39 41 299—300
 Magnesium indicators/probes/sensors      16 543 552 556—559
 Magnesium Orange      557 558
 Maltose binding protein      567 568
 Maltose receptor protein      466
 MAMC (N-methyIacridinium-9-methylcar-boxylate)      539—541
 Mana      200
 Manganese      239
 Mastoparan X      462
 MDPF [9-methoxy-2,4-diohenyi-3 (2H)-fura-none]      80
 Mehttin      462—463 466—467
 Mehttin, amsotropy decays      336 496 497—498
 Mehttin, association reactions, detection from homotransfer      309—310
 Mehttin, association reactions, self-association and calmodulin binding of      465
 Mehttin, distance distributions      401—404
 Mehttin, frequency-domain lifetime measurements      163 168—169
 Mehttin, phosphorescence      509
 Mehttin, protein studies      466
 Mehttin, RET distance measurements      374—375
 Mehttin, rotational correlation time      497
 Mehttin, TRES      499
 Membrane binding site polarity, solvent effects on emission spectra      203—205
 Membrane fusion and lipid exchange      386
 Membrane potential probes      73—74
 Membrane probes      72—73
 Membrane probes, absorption and emission spectra      16
 Membrane probes, amsotropy decay, time-dependent      341—342
 membrane-bound cholesterol exposure      527—528
 Membrane-bound fluorophore, amsotropy      310
 Membrane-bound fluorophore, solvent effects on emission spectra      186 203—205
 Membranes      34 382—386
 Membranes, amsotropy decay, hindered rotational diffusion in      331—333
 Membranes, diffusion in      276—278
 Membranes, diffusion in, lateral      278
 Membranes, diffusion in, quasi-three dimensional      276—278
 Membranes, energy transfer      385—386
 Membranes, energy transfer, lipid distributions around Gramicidin      384—385
 Membranes, energy transfer, membrane fusion and lipid exchange      386
 Membranes, energy transfer, relative donor quantum yields      435
 Membranes, polymer films      312—314
 Membranes, quenching      18 267—279
 Membranes, quenching, boundary lipid      273—274
 Membranes, quenching, lipid-water partitioning effects      274—276
 Membranes, quenching, localized quenchers      270—272
 Membranes, quenching, parallax quenching in      272—273
 Membranes, quenching, probe accessibility to water—and lipid-soluble quenchers      267—270
 Membranes, RET in rapid-diffusion limit, acceptor location in lipid vesicles      437
 Membranes, RET in rapid-diffusion limit, retinal location in rhodopsin disc membranes      438—439
 Membranes, TNS spectrum      17
 Membranes, TRES      217—218 219
 Mercury lamps      31
 Merocyanine      74 540
 Metal km and anion sensors      551—552
 Metal-ligand complexes (MLC)      87—88 573—591
 Metal-ligand complexes (MLC), amsotropy properties      575—576
 Metal-ligand complexes (MLC), biophysical applications      577 581 582
 Metal-ligand complexes (MLC), biophysical applications, DNA dynamics      578—580
 Metal-ligand complexes (MLC), biophysical applications, lipid probes      581 582
 Metal-ligand complexes (MLC), biophysical applications, proteins, domam-to-domain motions in      580—581
 Metal-ligand complexes (MLC), clinical chemistry      587—591
 Metal-ligand complexes (MLC), energy transfer studies      416
 Metal-ligand complexes (MLC), energy-gap law      577 578 579
 
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