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| Wiley E.O. — Phylogenetics. The theory and practice of phylogenetic systematics |
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| Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü |
Meiotic drive 55
Menidia 263 270 330—332
Merxmiiller, H. 171
Merychippus 127 257
Mesozoa 158
Metamorphosis 119
Metaphysics 1 7
Metaphyta 225
Metazoa 225 336 337
Metcalf, Z. P. 383
Michener, C. D. 241 242 244 250 260 267 269
Mickevich, M. F. 1 144 243 245 263 270 276 330—334 339
Microallopatric distribution see “Distributions types
Microcomplement fixation 263 333—335
Microsaltation 244
Microsympatric distribution see “Distributions types
Miles, R. 217 234
Mill, J. S. 18
Mills' cannons 18 19
Milne, L. J. 93
Milne, M. J. 93
Mimegralla 288 289
Minimum monophyly 256 see “Taxa monophyletic”
Minkoff, E. C 269
Miohippus 127
Miridae, classification and phylogeny of 206 207
Missulena 159—164 177—178 189—191
Mniaceae 212 213
Model I speciation see “Speciation vicariance”
Model II speciation see “Speciation peripheral
Model III speciation see “Speciation model
Monophyletic group 3 7 76 79 see monophyletic”
Monophyly, and grades 260
Monophyly, and levels of universality 257
Monophyly, and supraspecific taxa 108 see monophyletic”
Monophyly, Aslock's concept 258
Monophyly, criticism of strict 264
Monophyly, justification of, by characters 129
Monophyly, minimum 256 257
Monothetic group 79 80
Monotremes 79
Monotypy 395
Moore, G. A. 332
Moore, G. W. 263 337
Moropus 31—33
Morphotype 61
Mosimann, J. E. 353
Mosses 95
Mount, R. H. 29
Multivariate analysis 65 66 240
Multivariate canonical variates 349 361—365
Multivariate cluster analysis 349
Multivariate linear discriminant 349 355—361
Multivariate principle components analysis 348 350—355
Mus 330
Musca 132
Mygalomorph spiders 159—164
Naef, A. 153 154
Names, available and unavailable 388
Names, botanical, limits of priority of 386—387
Names, conditions for acceptance 388
Names, conserved 389
Names, correct 389
Names, endings of 387—388
Names, formation of, for genus group taxa 395
Names, formation of, for species group taxa 397
Names, homonyms 390
Names, in taxonomy 387
Names, legitimate and illegitimate 388
Names, nomenclatural synonyms 389
Names, objective synonyms 389
Names, of infraspecific taxa 397
Names, of interspecific hybrids 400
Names, of species 397
Names, of subgenera 395
Names, orthographic variants 390
Names, replacement 397
Names, suppressed 389
Names, synonyms 389
Names, valid 389
Natrix 29
Natural classes 794—196
Natural entities, examples of 73
Natural geographic area 281
Natural groups see “Taxa natural” “Taxa supraspecific”
Natural keys 381
Natural system 72
Natural taxa see “Taxa natural”
Natural taxon 6—7 72—74
Naturalness, Aristotelean concept of 71
Naturalness, Gilmour 72
Naturalness, phenetic concept of 70
Naturalness, phylogenetic concept of 71
Naturalness, problems with term 70
Neave, S. A. 371
Neff, N. A. 347 354—356
Nei's coefficient 329
Nei, M. 339
Nelson, G. J. 1 5 6 83 84 86 89 97 98 148 152 154 157 164 166 167 171 199 200 206 209—211 217 218 222 227 234 240 258 261 267 277 279 291 294 305
Nematodes 321
Neo — Darwinism and gaps 244
Neoctenzia 159—164 177—178 190—191
Neopterygii 164—171 213
Neotype 398
Nerodia 29—30
Niche 254—255
Nomenclator Botanicus 372
Nomenclature, basic nomenclatural concepts 385—392
Nomenclature, codes of 383—400
Nomenclature, criteria for publication 391—392
Nomenclature, general principles 385
Nomenclature, homonyms 390
Nomenclature, limits of priority in various groups 386—387
Nomenclature, names and name endings 387—389
Nomenclature, priority 385—387
Nomenclature, rules effecting taxa of family group 392—394
Nomenclature, rules effecting taxa of genus group 394—397
Nomenclature, rules effecting taxa of species group 397—400
Nomenclature, synonyms 389
Nomenclature, type concept in 390—391
Nomenclature, types and synonomy 389—390
Nominalism 17
Nonnatural taxa see “Taxa nonnatural”
Nonno, L. H. 335
Nothomorphs 400
Novelties, evolutionary see “Evolutionary novelty”
Numerical taxonomy see “Phenetics”
O'Farrell, P. H. 332
Observed limits 342
Ohno, S. 245
Oigomeres 245
Oldman Formation 33
Ontogeny, and character evolution 156—157
Ontogeny, and justification of natural taxa 76—78
Ontogeny, and phylogeny 153—158
Ontogeny, and speciation 154
Ontogeny, as mechanical cause of diversity 154
Ontogeny, nonterminal characters and 155
Ontogeny, terminal characters and 155
Ontogeny, theorem of phylogeny and 156
Onychodectes 133
Open system of testing see “Parsimony external”
Operationalism 17
Operationalists 23
Ophidia 81
Order, as category 205
Order, in nature 22
Oreoleysera 174
Organismic dispersal 283
Orthologous genes 333
| Osteichthyes 217
Out-group 7
Out-group and geologic precedence 148—149
Out-group comparison 81 110—113 139—146 159—176 271 333
Out-group rule 139
Overall similarity, failure to define natural groups 79—82
Owen, R. 120
Paddlefish 165—167
Palaeoniscoid, "Gogo" 170
Pale on to logical argument 148
Paleospecies 34
Pan 262—264 330
Panbiogeography 281 see variance”
Pangea 196
Pankhurst, R.J. 383
Papp, C. S. 379
Paracentrophorus 151
Parallelism 12 52 121 see homoplasous”
Paralogous genes 333
Parapatric distribution see “Distribution types
Parapatric speciation see “Speciation parapatric”
Paraphyletic group 7 82 see paraphyletic”
Paraphyly, as monophyly 258—259 see paraphyletic”
Parasemiontids 151
Paratypes 398
Parazoa 245
Parsimony 18 20
Parsimony, and need for outgroup 110—113
Parsimony, conflicts between internal and external 112
Parsimony, external 110—112 192
Parsimony, in Wagner analysis 179
Parsimony, internal 110—112 192
Parsimony, overall 110 112 129
Passer 352—354
Patterns, biogeographic see “Biogeography patterns
Patterns, descent see “Phylogenetic trees”
Patterns, historical see “Historical patterns”
Patterns, phylogenetic see “Phylogenetic trees”
Patterson, B. 133
Patterson, C. 75—76 93 118 146 149 151 164 166 167 193 210—214 216 217 219 220 222 234 330 368
Patterson, J. T. 42
Peacock, D. 337
Pelecosaurs 268
Periodic table 194
Perissodactyls 149
Peromyscus 327 328 330
Peterson, O. A. 31
Pfeiffer, L. 372
Phenetic cluster 23
Phenetic distance 269
Phenetic similarity 269
Phenetics 17 129 194 240 269—276
Phenetics, and biological species 23—24
Phenetics, and levels of universality 79—82
Phenetics, and natural taxa 79—82
Phenetics, and set theory 79—82
Phenetics, as interna] parsimony 110—111
Phenetics, claim for natural taxa 80
Phenetics, failure of 82
Phenogram 98
Phenomenalism 16
Phenotype 12 265
Philosophy and systematics 15—20
Pholidophorids 151
Photographs, in systematic papers 379
Phyletic evolution 38 39 see
Phyletic sequencing convention 206—210 see
Phyletic speciation 39—41
Phylogenetic analysis 109—114 139—146
Phylogenetic and contact zones or zones of intergradation 63—65
Phylogenetic argumentation 139—146
Phylogenetic classification 14 see phylogenetic”
Phylogenetic example using immuniology 335
Phylogenetic hypotheses, and modes of speciation 46 47 49 52—53 55 56 58
Phylogenetic interbreeding as indicator of 31 see genealogical”
Phylogenetic of chromosomes 325—327
Phylogenetic of DNA data 337—339
Phylogenetic other methods 176—192
Phylogenetic relationships 7
Phylogenetic system 72
Phylogenetic systematics 1—3 6 15
Phylogenetic tree 2 7 8 93—114 229—230
Phylogenetic trees, and ancestral species 96—97
Phylogenetic, and character divergence 96—97
Phylogenetic, and speciation events 96
Phylogenetic, as conjunction of three taxon trees 110—111
Phylogenetic, assumption for testing 112
Phylogenetic, asymmetrical 206 209 211 222
Phylogenetic, basic 94 96
Phylogenetic, classification of trichotomous or other multiple branching 210—211
Phylogenetic, components of 26 93—94 96
Phylogenetic, convention for classification of polytomous 211
Phylogenetic, converting cladograms to 107
Phylogenetic, converting populational to species level 99—104
Phylogenetic, correspondence to cladograms 98—109
Phylogenetic, divergent 7
Phylogenetic, equivalence of certain species-level 104
Phylogenetic, errors in analysis of 113—114
Phylogenetic, examples of analysis of 159—176
Phylogenetic, higher level and testing 112—113
Phylogenetic, mutual incompatability of 109
Phylogenetic, number of different species-level 104—105
Phylogenetic, number of existing in nature 109
Phylogenetic, number of relative to cladograms 98
Phylogenetic, of populations 98—104
Phylogenetic, of species and supraspecific taxa 108—109
Phylogenetic, of supraspecific taxa 94 107—108
Phylogenetic, reticulate 7 37
Phylogenetic, rooted 179
Phylogenetic, species-level dichotomous 104 105
Phylogenetic, species-level polytomous 105
Phylogenetic, systems of 109—110
Phylogenetic, testing of 109—114 139—144 176—192
Phylogenetic, three taxon 110
Phylogenetic, three taxon and outgroup 110
Phylogenetic, topology of 104—105 107—109
Phylogenetic, two taxon 109—110
Phylogenetic, unrooted 179
Phylogenetic, various forms of 93—96
Phylogeneticist 6
Phylogenetics 6
Phylogeny, and bridge principles for characters 78—79
Phylogeny, and modes of reproduction 37
Phylogeny, and ontogeny 153—158
Phylogeny, theorem of ontogeny and 156
Phylogram 97
Phylum, as category 205
Phyneiformia 150
Phytogeography 277
Pimentel, R. A. 352
Placozoans 158
Plant Breeding Abstracts 370
Plants, example of analysis of 171—176
Platnick, N. I. 27 35 89 98 159—164 178 188—189 209 210 222 258 268—269 277 291 94
Plesiomorphic 9 45 see plesiomorphic”
Plesion, as category 205
Plesion, convention for use 219
Plesion, examples of use of convention 219—221
Plesiotypy 122—123
Poche, F. 371
Podonomus 288—290
Poeciliidae 294
Polyphyletic groups 7 79 80 see polyphyletic”
Polyphyly see “Taxa polyphyletic”
Polypterids 166
Polypterus 132
Polytomous relationships 49 52 56 104 107—109
Pongidae 262 264
Pongo 262—264
Popper, K. R. 17 19 20 111
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