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Copi I.M., Cohen C. — Introduction to logic
Copi I.M., Cohen C. — Introduction to logic



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Íàçâàíèå: Introduction to logic

Àâòîðû: Copi I.M., Cohen C.

Àííîòàöèÿ:

There are obvious benefits to be gained from the study of logic: heightened ability to express ideas clearly and concisely, increased skill in defining one's terms, and enlarged capacity to formulate arguments rigiously and to analyze them critically.


ßçûê: en

Ðóáðèêà: Ìàòåìàòèêà/

Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö

ed2k: ed2k stats

Èçäàíèå: 8-th edition

Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1981

Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 291

Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 14.03.2011

Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
"Dilemma of Determinism, The" (James)      88
"Dover Beach" (Arnold)      73
"Eve of St. Agnes, The" (Keats)      80—81
"Genetic Fallacy," abusive ad hominem argument as      98
"Poisoning the well," ad hominem argument as      100
A priori theory of probability      461—462
Aaron, Hank      139
Abed, Bassam K.      372
Absorption      297
Abusive ad hominem argument      97—98
Accent, fallacy of      100—101 115—117 120
Ad baculum argument      105
Ad hoc hypotheses, crucial experiments      443—448
Ad hominem argument      97—100 484 486
Ad hominem argument, abusive      97—98
Ad hominem argument, circumstantial      98—100
Ad ignorantiam argument      93—95 483—484
Ad misericordiam argument      104—105 486
Ad populum argument      103—104
Ad verecundiam argument      95—96 484
Adams, David W.      228
Addition      298
Addition theorem, alternative events      467—468
Administrative law      482
Affirmative mood      240—241
Affirming the consequent, fallacy of      241 282
Affluent Society, The (Galbraith)      70 78
Agreement and difference, joint method of      390—391 397 409
Agreement, kinds of      81—85
Agreement, method of      383—385 397 405 407
Alexander the Great      161
Alexander, Peter      37
Allison, Dennis L.      viii
Alpert, Geraldine      111
Alternative occurrences, in probability calculus      466—470
Alternative propositions      26 27 239
Alternatives      258
Ambiguity, definition resolving      128—131 132—135
Ambiguity, fallacies of      (see Fallacies)
Ambiguity, vagueness distinct from      135
Ambiguous middle, fallacy of the      207
Amiel, Henri — Frederic      75
Amphiboly, fallacy of      114—115
Analogy in law      493—495
Analogy, appraising      363—366
Analogy, argument by      357—376 (see also Refutation by logical analogy)
Analogy, induction by simple enumeration and      381—382
Analytical definition      (see Definition by genus and difference)
Anaximenes      443
Anderson v. Minneapolis St. P. and S. S. M. Railroad      493
Andrade, E. N. Da. C.      442
Andrews, Justice      491
Annas, George J.      23
Anselm, St.      108 143
Antecedent      240 266
Antecedent circumstances      393
Apodosis      266
Appeal to authority      484
Appeal to emotion      103—104
Appeal to force      105 486
Appeal to ignorance      483—484
Appeal to pity      104—105 486
Appeal, inappropriate      95—96
Appl, Frederic C.      456 457
Application, in scientific method      438—439
Aquinas, Thomas      8 38 228 243
Arago, M.      417
Argument(s)      4 6—7 argument
Argument(s) ad baculum      105 486
Argument(s) ad hominem      97—100 484—486
Argument(s) ad ignorantiam      93—95 483—484
Argument(s) ad misericordiam      104—105
Argument(s) ad populum      103—104
Argument(s) ad verecundiam      95—96 484
Argument(s) asyllogistic      222—223
Argument(s) chain      36—37
Argument(s) circular      102
Argument(s) definition      6
Argument(s) diagramming      (see also Venn Diagrams)
Argument(s) elementary valid      297
Argument(s) explanation different from      73—74
Argument(s) forms      275—283
Argument(s) in legal processes      481 482
Argument(s) in ordinary language      214—252
Argument(s) one-sentence      7
Argument(s) ontological      143
Argument(s) premisses and conclusions of      6—14
Argument(s) recognizing      25—30 73—74
Argument(s) several      33—40
Argument(s) single      18—22
Argument(s) sound      52—53
Argument-indicators      28—29 (see also Conclusion-indicators Premiss-indicators)
Aristedes      272
Aristotelian logic      183 325
Aristotle      78 86 121 124 157 158 161 182 229 231 235 243 253 480
Arnold, Matthew      73 156
Artificial symbolic language      253 (see also Symbolic logic)
Asimov, Isaac      41
Association      304
Astell, Mary      360
Asyllogistic arguments      222—223
Asyllogistic inference      347—350
Atheist's Values, An (Robinson)      114
Attitude, disagreement and agreement in      82 83—84
Austen, Jane      76
Austin, John      70
Authority, appeal to      484
Authority, inappropriate      95—96
Autobiography (Steffens)      83—84
Ayer, Alfred J.      108 231 361 6
Babington, Thomas      78
Babson, Rodger      108
Bacon, Francis      75 76 207 377 383 401—402 407
Bacon, Roger      243
Baker, Howard      105
Baldner, Kent      viii
Ball, George W.      44
Banting      400
Baranovsky      126
Barcroft, Joseph      396
Baron, A. L.      385
Barrett, Denny      viii
Basler, Roy R.      50 123 375
Bayne — Jones, Stanhope      458
Beadle, George      368
Beard, Robert W.      viii
Beardsley, Monroe C.      18
Beckerman, Wilfred      374
Begging the question      102—103
Begin, Menachem      121
Belief, disagreement and agreement in      82 84
Bellow, Saul      96
Bennet — Clark, H. C.      414
Bennett, Georgette      22
Bennett, Neil G.      15
Bergson, Henri      124
Berkeley, George      65—66 228
Bernstein, Jeremy      44
Bethell, Tom      375
Bettelheim, Bruno      373
Beveridge, William Ian Beardmore      65 361 390
Biconditional statement      288
Bierce, Ambrose      155
Bischoff, Amelia      viii
Bishop, Joseph W., Jr.      375
Black, Max      372
Blaine, James G.      108
Blair, J. Anthony      92
Blanshard, Brand      75
Bloom, Allan      89 251
Bloom, David E.      15
Bloomfield, Leonard      72
Blum, Alex      255
Blumentah, Sidney      116
Bogert, Frans van der      viii
Bok, Sissela      376
Bonheur, Rosa      188
Bonner, John Tyler      362
Boole, George      183
Boolean interpretation of categorical propositions      183 184
Boolean interpretation, syllogistic rule for      210—211
Boswell, James      17
Botta v. Brunner      497
Bouvard of Paris      393 394
Brack, David      24
Bradford, John      124
Bradley, F. H.      122 250
Brady, Frank      17
Brady, Joseph V.      416
Brahe, Tycho      420
Brain teaser, problem-solving abilities strengthened with      55—59
Brennan, Justice      95
Brewster, David, Sir      454
Bridgeman, P. W.      148
Bright, John      77
Brill, A. A.      455
Broad, C. D.      126 243
Broder, David      24
Bromell, Henry      241
Brooks, John      228
Brown, Charles D.      viii
Brown, Ludlow      viii
Buchner      458
Buchsbaum, Ralph      369 389 412
Buckley, William F., Jr.      244
Bums, Bobbie      66
Bundy, McGeorge      43
Burgess, Ernest W.      412
Burke, Edmund      74 250
Burstyn v. Wilson      373
Bush, George      22
Bushnell, D. E.      viii
Butler, George      76
Butler, Joseph      126 357
Butler, Samuel      155
Butler, William      124—125
Butts, Wally      500
Calculus, probability      (see Probability)
Callahan, Daniel      112
Callahan, J. J.      244
Calmette      458
Caloric theory of heat      439—443
Cammer, Moses      14
Campbell, C. Arthur      244
Candlish, Stewart      241
Carpuccio Gonzalez, Eugenio      xi
Carres, Alexis      417
Carrington, Frank G.      37 111
Carroll, Lewis      113—114 235—236 372
Case law      481
Categorical propositions      161—190
Categorical propositions as exclusive propositions      221—222
Categorical propositions, classes and      161—164
Categorical propositions, diagrams for      186—190
Categorical propositions, existential import      181—184
Categorical propositions, existential import contraposition      176—177
Categorical propositions, existential import conversion      172—174
Categorical propositions, existential import conversion by limitation      173 177
Categorical propositions, existential import immediate inferences      171 172—178
Categorical propositions, obversion      174—175
Categorical propositions, particular affirmative      163 165
Categorical propositions, particular negative      164 165
Categorical propositions, quality, quantity and distribution      165—167
Categorical propositions, Square of opposition      168—172
Categorical propositions, standard-form      162—164
Categorical propositions, standard-form, contradictories      168—169
Categorical propositions, standard-form, contraries      169
Categorical propositions, standard-form, diagram for      187
Categorical propositions, subcontraries      169—170
Categorical propositions, symbolism for      184—186
Categorical propositions, translating into standard form      218—224
Categorical propositions, universal affirmative      162 165
Categorical propositions, universal negative      163 165
Categorical syllogisms      191—213
Categorical syllogisms form and validity of      194—196
Categorical syllogisms, rules and fallacies for      206—211 (see also Fallacies Venn Diagrams)
Categorical syllogisms, sorites      235—237
Categorical syllogisms, standard-form      191—193 214
Categorical syllogisms, testing      197—205
Causal connections      377—417
Causal connections of agreement      383—385 397 405 407
Causal connections of concomitant variation      397—399 406
Causal connections of difference      386—388 397 404 405 407 408
Causal connections of residues      393—395 397
Causal connections, criticisms of      401—407
Causal connections, joint method of agreement and disagreement      390—391 397 409
Causal connections, meaning of cause      377—383
Causal connections, Mill's methods      383—417
Causal connections, vindication of      407—411
Cause      (see also Causal connections)
Cause in legal reasoning      490—493
Cause, meaning of      377—383
Cedi, Robert, Lord      77
Ceniza, Claro R.      viii
Ceremonial language      69—70
Cervantes      188
Ch'eng Hao      107
Ch'eng Wei — Shih Lun      155
Chain argument      36—37
Challenger, James      33 252
Chargaff, Erwin      94
Chase, Salmon P.      77
Chase, Stuart      88
Chasis, Sara      13
Chesterton, G. K.      87
Christie, Agatha      124
Church, Alonzo      253
Churchill, Winston      157 234 272
Circular argument, begging the question as      102
Circular definition      152
Circumstantial ad hominem argument      98—100
Circumstantial evidence      494
Civil law      481 482 496
Clark, Justice      373
Clark, William P.      375
Class-defining characteristic      174
Classes, categorical propositions and      161—164
Classes, complement of the      174
Classes, obversion and      174
Classification, as hypothesis      448—452
Closing of the American Mind, The (Bloom)      251
Cobb, Jean      25
Coke, Edward, Sir      156 480
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor      86
Columbus, Christopher      443 448
Commands      71—72
Commands as directive discourse      67 68
Commands, conclusion as      7
Common knowledge      27—28
Commutation      304
Complement      174
Complementary class      174
Complex question, as fallacy      96—97
Component of a statement      255
Composition, fallacy of      117—118 120
Compound propositions      26—27
compound statements      255
Compound statements as conditional statement      265—272
Compound statements, conjunction      255—257
Compulsive Gamblers (Livingston)      152
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