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Accetta J.S. (ed.), Shumaker D.L. (ed.), Rogatto W.D. (ed.) — The Infrared & Electro-Optical Systems Handbook. Volume 3: Electro-Optical Components
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Íàçâàíèå: The Infrared & Electro-Optical Systems Handbook. Volume 3: Electro-Optical ComponentsÀâòîðû: Accetta J.S. (ed.), Shumaker D.L. (ed.), Rogatto W.D. (ed.)Àííîòàöèÿ: The Infrared and Electro-Optical Systems Handbook is a joint product of the Infrared Information Analysis Center (IRIA) and the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE). Sponsored by the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), this work is an outgrowth of its predecessor, The Infrared Handbook, published in 1978. The circulation of nearly 20,000 copies is adequate testimony to its wide acceptance in the electro-optics and infrared communities. The Infrared Handbook was itself preceded by The Handbook of Military Infrared Technology. Since its original inception, new topics and technologies have emerged for which little or no reference material exists. This work is intended to update and complement the current Infrared Handbook by revision, addition of new materials, and reformatting to increase its utility. Of necessity, some material from the current book was reproduced as is, having been adjudged as being current and adequate. The 45 chapters represent most subject areas of current activity in the military, aerospace, and civilian communities and contain material that has rarely appeared so extensively in the open literature.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Òåõíîëîãèÿ /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1993Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 671Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 29.11.2010Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Photoconductive detectors 205—207 231 232 246—250 260 262—263 Photoconductive effect 205—207 Photoconductive gain 178 Photocurrent 262 Photodiodes 208—210 252 Photodiodes, avalanche 210 217 260 262 Photoelectromagnetic detectors 211—212 Photoelectromagnetic effect 211—212 Photoemissive detectors 212—214 230 246 Photoemissive effect 212—214 Photography, infrared 517—539 see "Film infrared" "Filters photographic" Photography, infrared, aerial 523—524 Photography, infrared, color 522 Photography, infrared, lighting 522 524 Photography, infrared, luminescence photography 535—536 Photometry 524 526 Photomultipliers 213—216 see "Quantum Photon current 301 308 312 320 Photon detectors see "Detectors photon" Photon energy 178 Photon flux density 209 Photon lifetime 601 606 Photon noise 220—226 Photon population, laser 600—602 605—607 610 616—617 Photon population, laser, above threshold 608—609 Photon population, laser, below-threshold 608 Photon population, laser, loss of 619 Photon population, laser, photon lifetime 601 606 Photon population, laser, steady-state photon population 607 photons 177 205—227 Photons, infrared 207—208 211 212 213 Photovoltaic detectors 207—211 232 248—250 252 258—259 262—263 265 293 295 300 301 308 312 Photovoltaic effect 207—211 Picture elements (pixels) 443—444 456—458 496 Piezoelectric scanners 133 143—145 pixels see "Picture elements" Planck's distribution law 360—361 Plane of incidence, definition of 85 Plasma panel displays 464 466—467 477—479 481 Plasma panel displays, ac type 477—479 481 Plasma panel displays, dc type 477—479 481 Platinum silicide (PtSi) detectors 249 250 253 255 256 258 264—265 293 Pockels cell 621 Point spread function 107 112—113 115 Pointing/designating 126—127 Poisson's ratio 10—11 Polyethylene 21 Polygon scanners 133—135 147 149—151 Polygon scanners, performance of 157—158 Polygon scanners, polygon line scanners 147 149—150 Polygon-galvo scanning systems 149—151 Polygon-polygon scanning systems 153—154 polystyrene 21 Population inversion 577 581 583 585 604—605 Position transducers 139—140 Potassium bromide 21 27—28 Potassium chloride 21 27—29 Potassium fluoride 25 Potassium iodide 21 29 Power dissipation, readout electronics 297 336—337 Power spectral density 425—427 Prandtl number 367 Preamplifiers see "Amplifiers/preamplifiers" Principal planes, definition of 85 Principal points, definition of 85—86 Principal ray, definition of 86 Prisms, in scanning systems 133—134 145 146 Projection lenses 493 495 498 Proportionality constant 4 PTFE 22 Pumping 581 582 602—605 Pumping, electron discharge 581 610—611 Pumping, flashlamp 602 Pumping, four-level systems 604—605 Pumping, pump power 604 Pumping, pump-induced transition rate 602 Pumping, pumping efficiency factor 605 Pumping, pumping rate 608 610—611 615 616 Pumping, pumping transitions 602—603 607 Pumping, relaxation time 602—603 607 Pumping, selective pumping 608 Pumping, three-level systems 602—604 Pumping, threshold power 604—605 Pushbroom scanning systems 259 Pyroelectric coefficient 203—204 Pyroelectric detectors 199—201 203 Q-switching 217 618—621 Quantum efficiency 180 209 215 253 254 Quantum well detectors 214—217 Quantum wells see "Lasers semiconductor" "Quantum Quartz glass 13 21 Quartz, crystal 14 Radiation exchange 360—366 Radiation exchange, absorptivity 360—361 Radiation exchange, cooled shields 366 Radiation exchange, emissive power 360 Radiation exchange, emissivity 360—361 363—364 Radiation exchange, geometric shape factor 360 Radiation exchange, irradiation 360 362 Radiation exchange, potential-resistor electrical analog 362 Radiation exchange, radiation shields 365—366 Radiation exchange, radiosity 360 Radiation exchange, reflectivity 360 Radiation exchange, transmissivity 360 Radiation thermocouple standard 237—238 Radiation transduction 177 181 Radiation transduction, bolometric process 177 Radiation transduction, photoconductive process 177 Radiation transduction, photoelectromagnetic process 177 181 Radiation transduction, photovoltaic process 181 Radiation transduction, pyroelectric process 181 Radiation transduction, thermopneumatic process 181 Radiation transduction, thermovoltaic process 181 Radiation tunneling 371 Radiation, ambient 228 Radiative damping time 586 Radiative lifetime 585 588 Radiators, low-temperature space 385—388 Radiators, low-temperature space, V-groove isolation radiator 387 Radiometers 128 132 Radiometry, and infrared photography 524 526 532—535 see Radiosity 360 Radius of curvature, mirror 626—627 Radius of curvature, wavefront 624 626—627 Raster process 456—460 Ray tracing 90—96 Rayleigh quarter-wave limit 111 Rayleigh range 624 Readout electronics see "Detector readout electronics" Readout integrated circuits 287—340 Readout signal processing 324—329 Readout signal processing, correlated double sampling 326—328 Readout signal processing, sample and hold 324—325 Readout signal processing, time-delay integration 328—329 Reflectance, effective 5 Reflection 3—5 Reflectivity 360 Reflectivity of resonator mirrors 614—615 Refraction at an aspheric surface 94 Refraction at an optical surface 85 Refractive materials 12—61 Refractive materials, density (specific gravity) 51 57—58 Refractive materials, elastic coefficients 51 58—59 Refractive materials, engineering moduli 51 60—61 Refractive materials, hardness 46 48 Refractive materials, index of refraction 20—46 Refractive materials, molecular weight 51 Refractive materials, permittivity 45 47 Refractive materials, solubility 51 Refractive materials, thermal properties 46—50 Refractive materials, transmission curves 13—22 Refractive materials, transparency 12 Refrigerators 269 Regenerative detectors 217—219 Relay lens scanning systems 155 Repeatability, scanner 164 Resolution, scanner 164—165 168—169 Resonance, scanner 165 171—172 Resonant scanner-galvo scanning systems 152 Resonant scanners 141—145 Resonant scanners, sawtooth resonant scanners 142—143 Resonant scanners, triangular wave scanners 142—143 Resonant scanners, tunable resonant scanners 143—144 Resonators, optical 578 581 582—583 598 621—635 see Resonators, optical, concentric resonator 632 Resonators, optical, confocal resonator 631 Resonators, optical, diffraction losses 628—630 Resonators, optical, Fresnel number 629 Resonators, optical, g parameters 627—628 Resonators, optical, optimum output coupling 613—615 Resonators, optical, photon population 600—602 Resonators, optical, planar resonator 631 Resonators, optical, resonant frequencies 598 Resonators, optical, resonator stability condition 628 Resonators, optical, stability diagram 628 Resonators, optical, stability of 626—632 Resonators, optical, stable resonators 621—624 627—632 Resonators, optical, unstable resonators 621 628 635 Response time, scanner 165 172 Reticles 541—573 Reticles, coded imaging reticles 567—572 Reticles, coded imaging reticles, circulant reticles codes 571—572 Reticles, coded imaging reticles, decoding 571 Reticles, coded imaging reticles, Hadamard reticle codes 570—572 Reticles, coded imaging reticles, Nipkow scanner 567—570 572 Reticles, coded imaging reticles, signal-to-noise gain 571—572 Reticles, reticle apertures 552—554 555 Reticles, reticle modulation 552—555 Reticles, reticle modulation, of point sources 562—564 Reticles, reticle motion 553—554 555—562 Reticles, reticle patterns 552—554 557—562 Reticles, reticle patterns, concentric ring reticles 561—562 Reticles, reticle patterns, episcotister (wagonwheel) reticle 558—560 Reticles, reticle patterns, sun-burst (rising-sun) reticle 560—561 Reticles, reticle patterns, translating bar reticle 557—559 Reticles, reticle synthesis 564—567 Reticles, reticle synthesis, doubly periodic reticles 565—567 Reticles, symbols, nomenclature, and units 544 Reynolds number 367 369 Rotary (high-inertia) scanners 133—136 Rotary (high-inertia) scanners, disk scanners 133 Rotary (high-inertia) scanners, performance of 157—158 Rotary (high-inertia) scanners, polygon scanners 133 Rotary (high-inertia) scanners, rotating parallel plate 135 Rubidium halides 29 Sample and hold 324—325 Sampling 437 450—462 Sampling and flat panel displays 456—462 Sampling and moving images 462 Sampling, finite sampling 450—454 Sampling, modulation transfer function 450—454 457 460 Sampling, Nyquist sampling theorem 454—455 SAPpHiRe 14 21 44—45 satellite communications 127 145—146 Scan angle 165 168 Scan converters 462 469 470 475—477 Scan converters, return-beam vidicon 477 Scan converters, silicon diode array target 477 Scan efficiency 165 Scanner response parameters 172 Scanning imaging systems 249 250 254 261 264 265 271 Scanning microscopes 128—129 Scanning, optomechanical 123—174 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods 162—173 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, accuracy 162 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, back EMF 162 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, bandwidth 162 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, demagnetization current 162 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, drift 162—163 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, electrical null 164 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, jitter 163 169—171 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, magnetic hysteresis 163 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, magnetic spring 167 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, mechanical damping coefficient 162 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, mechanical null 164 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, mechanical spring 167 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, nonlinearities 163—164 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, overshoot 164 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, repeatability 164 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, resolution 164—165 168—169 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, resonance 165 171—172 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, response time 165 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, scan angle 165 168 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, scan efficiency 165 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, settling time 165—166 173 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, signal-to-noise ratio 166—167 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, slew rate 167 172 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, step drift 173 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, time constant 167 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, torque constant 167—168 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, torque-to-inertia ratio 168 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, tracking error 168 172—173 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, velocity linearity 169 Scanning, optomechanical, definitions and test methods, wobble 168 171 Scanning, optomechanical, infrared applications 125—128 Scanning, optomechanical, infrared applications, imaging/mapping 127—128 Scanning, optomechanical, infrared applications, pointing/designating 126—127 Scanning, optomechanical, infrared applications, radiometers 128 Scanning, optomechanical, infrared applications, satellite communications 127 Scanning, optomechanical, infrared applications, scanning microscopes 128—129 Scanning, optomechanical, infrared applications, tracking 125 Scanning, optomechanical, infrared applications, warning systems 125 Scanning, optomechanical, multiple-axis configuration 153—156 Scanning, optomechanical, multiple-axis configuration, paddle scanner arrangement 155—156 Scanning, optomechanical, multiple-axis configuration, relay lens scanner 155 Scanning, optomechanical, multiple-axis configuration, two-axis configuration 155 Scanning, optomechanical, response parameters 172—173 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner performance 128—132 156—161 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner performance, crosslink satellite tracking 130—131 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner performance, dead time 135 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner performance, FLIRs, two-axis 131 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner performance, galvanometric scanners 159—160 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner performance, jitter and wobble 129 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner performance, missile launch tracking 130 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner performance, oscillating scanners 160—161 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner performance, polygon scanners 157—158 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner performance, position accuracy 129—130 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner performance, rotating scanners 158 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner performance, scan-rate limitations 133 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner performance, SDI beam steering 130—131 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner performance, subsystems 156—157 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner performance, target designator (aircraft) 128 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner subsystems 156—157 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner types 131—147 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner types, acousto-optic scanners 145—146 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner types, disk scanners 135 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner types, electro-optic scanners 146 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner types, galvanometric scanners 137—140 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner types, oscillating scanners 137 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner types, piezoelectric scanners 143—145 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner types, polygon scanners 133—135 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner types, resonant scanners 141—144 145 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner types, rotating parallel plate 135—136 Scanning, optomechanical, scanner types, two-axis beam-steering scanners 146—147 Scanning, optomechanical, single-axis scanning configuration 147—150 Scanning, optomechanical, single-axis scanning configuration, axe blade (knife-edge) scanners 147—148 Scanning, optomechanical, single-axis scanning configuration, common module FLIRs 147 Scanning, optomechanical, single-axis scanning configuration, polygon line scanners 147 149—150 Scanning, optomechanical, symbols, nomenclature, and units 126 Scanning, optomechanical, two-axis scanning configuration 149—154
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