Àâòîðèçàöèÿ
Ïîèñê ïî óêàçàòåëÿì
Vogel S. — Vital Circuits: On Pumps, Pipes, and the Working of Circulatory Systems
Îáñóäèòå êíèãó íà íàó÷íîì ôîðóìå Íàøëè îïå÷àòêó?
Íàçâàíèå: Vital Circuits: On Pumps, Pipes, and the Working of Circulatory SystemsÀâòîð: Vogel S. Àííîòàöèÿ: Most of us think about our circulatory system only when something goes wrong, but the amazing story of how it goes right—"magnificently right," as author Steven Vogel puts it—is equally worthy of our attention. It is physically remarkable, bringing food to (and removing waste from) a hundred trillion cells, coursing through 60,000 miles of arteries and veins (equivalent to over twice around the earth at the equator). And it is also intriguing. For instance, blood leaving the heart flows rapidly through the arteries, then slows down dramatically in the capillaries (to a speed of one mile every fifty days), but in the veins, on its way back to the heart, it speed up again. How?
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Òåõíîëîãèÿ /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Èçäàíèå: 1st editionÃîä èçäàíèÿ: 1992Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 315Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 06.09.2009Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Feedback 218 277 see "Negative "Positive Feedback and pituitary gland 247 Feedback, delay in loops 223—224 Feedback, diagrams for 216—219 Feedback, history 228—229 234 Feminism, biology as 55—56 Fetus, blood 34 161 163 164 Fetus, circulation 34—36 46 76 Fibrin, fibrinogen 240 277 Filarial worms 209 277 Filtration 287 see Filtration from capillaries 204—205 207 Filtration in kidneys 243—244 Filtration, lymph, origin of 207 Fishes as ancestors 11—12 Fishes, circulation 11—14 246 Fishes, coronary arteries 38 Fishes, countercurrent exchangers 189 192 Fishes, gills 11—13 38 192 246 Fishes, heartbeat rate changes 146 150 Fishes, refilling heart 150 Fishes, renal portal system 247—249 Fishes, stroke volume changes 146 150 Fishes, warm muscles 178 189—190 Flagella, sponges 137 140 Flow see also "Flow speeds" "Fluids" Flow across capillary walls 205 Flow of air vs. water 82 Flow speeds across pipe 89—90 Flow speeds and Reynolds number 81 Flow speeds of micropumps 136 Flow speeds of molluscan gills 137 Flow speeds of sponges 137 Flow speeds, adrenalin and 55 Flow speeds, aorta, human 16 79 Flow speeds, capillaries, human 16 79 Flow speeds, cerebrospinal fluid 250 Flow speeds, gradients of 90—91 92—93 Flow speeds, various vessels 17 Flow, laminar vs. turbulent 80—82 Flow, parabolic 138 199 Flow, plug 139—140 Flow, sheet 199 Flow, skimming 202 Fluids 59 71 277 see "Gas" "Liquids" Fluids in compressibility 74—75 Fluids, density of 74 Fluids, viscosity of 59 Flying vs. body size 112 Flying, energetic cost 7 172 Flying, insects 7 Flying, oxygen demand 7 172 Food see also "Cooking" "Meat" Food, fat as 263—264 Food, heart as 27 38—40 175 Food, plants as 263—264 Food, sources of energy 262—265 Force vs. energy 253 Force vs. pressure 60 Force vs. stress 123 Force vs. tension 119 Frank, Otto, heart regulation 143 Frank, Otto, “Windkessel” model 117 Frogs 46 52 53 55 76 83 85 196 203 see Fur 179 182 231 235 282 G-suit 66—67 Galen 44 45 51 176 Gas 71 277 see specific Gas, diffusion in 102—103 Gas, transport in blood 7 15 155—167 Gauge pressure 63 277 Gill hearts 36—37 Gills 277 Gills, cephalopods 36—38 Gills, clams 136—138 Gills, fishes 11—13 38 192 246 Gills, snails 10 Giraffe, blood pressure 66—67 Giraffe, venous valves 130—131 Giraffe, vessel walls 66—67 Glucose in blood 15 Glucose in liver 44 Gradients 277 Gradients, concentration 90 102 111 155—157 165 Gradients, flow speed 90—91 92—93 Gradients, pressure 90 Gradients, temperature 90 175 183 Gravity, effect on blood pressure 65—68 70 Gull, countercurrent legs 187—189 Hagen — Poiseuille equation 84—90 116 139 199 277 Hales, Stephen 117 Harvey, William 43—50 75 116 130 132—133 195 248 257 Heart attack 144 278 Heartbeat rate (pulse) and cardiac output 146 Heartbeat rate (pulse) in exercise 146—147 Heartbeat rate (pulse) vs. air composition 221 Heartbeat rate (pulse) vs. body size 18 111 Heartbeat rate (pulse), birds 147 Heartbeat rate (pulse), control 51—55 Heartbeat rate (pulse), elephants 111 Heartbeat rate (pulse), fish 146 Heartbeat rate (pulse), humans 15 146 Heartbeat rate (pulse), hummingbirds 147 Heartbeat rate (pulse), shrews 146—147 Heartbeats per lifetime 18 266—267 268 Hearts see also specific Cardiac entries specific Hearts as metaphor 5 Hearts as muscle 17 46 Hearts as muscular squeezer 20—22 Hearts as pump 10—14 20—22 Hearts, amphibians 76—77 83—85 Hearts, ascidians 24 135—136 Hearts, atria, role 22—23 Hearts, atrioventricular node 54 Hearts, birds 76 111 Hearts, blood content 15 Hearts, blood supply, relative 242—243 Hearts, blood, mixing of 83—85 Hearts, breathing, influence on 150—151 Hearts, chambers 14 Hearts, control 51—55 Hearts, crocodilians 76—77 83—84 Hearts, function, old view 44 Hearts, heat production 176 Hearts, hydraulic action 60 148 243 248 Hearts, intrinsic activity 51 Hearts, location, climbing snakes 68 Hearts, location, in circuits 10—14 Hearts, location, mammals 29 Hearts, mammals 76 Hearts, motion in body 149 150 Hearts, murmur 33 82 Hearts, myo- vs. neurogenic 51 54 Hearts, pacemaker 54 Hearts, peristaltic 24 135—136 Hearts, power in and out, human 16 Hearts, pressure see Blood pressure Hearts, purchasing 26—27 40 Hearts, refilling 147—150 Hearts, regulating 142—147 Hearts, reptiles 76—77 83—84 Hearts, reversing 135—136 Hearts, shrews 146—147 Hearts, sinoatrial node 54 Hearts, size, relative 110—111 Hearts, sounds 24 33 82 Hearts, structure 28—34 Hearts, Valsalva maneuver 151 Hearts, valves 17 25 26 Hearts, weight, human 16 Heat 278 see "Temperature" Heat conduction see "Thermal conduction" Heat exchangers 9 11 184—192 Heat exchangers, general types 185 Heat exchangers, household 9 11 Heat exchangers, nature vs. technology 184—185 Heat exchangers, use in pairs 184—185 Heat vs. temperature 175 Heat, autoregulation 177 Heat, driving diffusion 98 Heat, internal vs. external sources 230—231 Heat, loss vs. size 263 Heat, preventing movement of 187—192 Heat, production vs. loss 175 Heat, production, brain 176—177 249 Heat, production, metabolic 8 176 Heat, production, old view 44 Heat, production, various organs 176—177 Heat, transfer in blood 7 Heating systems, control of 215—217 223 228 229 Heating systems, types 9—12 Hematocrit 278 Hematocrit and blood viscosity 86 110 200 Hematocrit and body water 224 Hematocrit, human 15—16 86 110 Hematocrit, variation among vessels 202 204 Hemocyanin 278 Hemocyanin, cephalopods 169—171 Hemocyanin, occurrence 168 Hemoglobin 278 Hemoglobin and blood viscosity 86 110 Hemoglobin and Bohr shift 163 166 Hemoglobin and carbon dioxide 167 Hemoglobin and carbon monoxide 166—167 Hemoglobin vs. myoglobin 251—252 Hemoglobin, concentration, human 110 159 Hemoglobin, differences among animals 110 Hemoglobin, dissociation curves 160—162 Hemoglobin, instability 166 Hemoglobin, molecule 163 251 Hemoglobin, occurrence 159 168—169 Hemoglobin, oxygen avidity 160 162 Hemoglobin, oxygen carrying capacity 159—161 168—169 Hemoglobin, vertebrates without 159—160 Hemophilia 238 253 278 Hepatic portal system 246—247 Hibernation 178 180 Homeostasis 233—234 Hookean material 123—124 126 278 Hooke’s law 123 124 126 Hormones see also "Adrenalin" "Neurohormones" Hormones in blood 7 15 55 Hormones, role 7 Horse, blood pressure 67 Humans, circulatory data 15—16 146 Humans, countercurrent devices 191 Humans, dissociation curve 161 Humans, exercise tolerance 170 182 Humans, hairlessness 182 Humans, heartbeats per lifetime 266—267 268 Humans, longevity 260—261 267 Humans, metabolic rate 8 Humans, metabolic scope 170 Humans, water compartment data 224—225 Hummingbirds, flying 112 Hummingbirds, heart 111 Hummingbirds, nightly torpor 178 Hydraulic action, heart 7 60 148 243 248 Hyperventilation 222 Hypotheses 97—98 136 Ice fish 159—160 Iguana, giant, diving 76 94 183 Inches of mercury (pressure) 62 Infarction 144 279 Inferior vena cava 279 Inferior vena cava of fetus 34—35 Inferior vena cava, location 28 32 Inferior vena cava, wall thickness 121 Information in control systems 217 Insects, circulatory systems 7 10—11 Insects, internal convection 183—184 Insects, tracheal pipes 7 106 Insects, warming for flight 178 Insulation 179—180 263 Internal environment 220 Interstitial fluid 279 Interstitial fluid and lymph 206 Interstitial fluid in brain 249 Interstitial fluid, fraction of body water 225 Intestine and hepatic portal system 246—247 Intestine to kidneys from 214 Intestine, heat production 176 Intestine, peristalis of 23 Joule (J) (energy) 18 Kidneys and blood composition 224 Kidneys and water loss compensation 225 Kidneys of marine fishes 244 Kidneys, filtrate, volume 243 Kidneys, function 242—244 Kidneys, heat production 176 Kidneys, how beer gets to 214 Kidneys, hydraulic operation 7 243—244 Kidneys, oxygen consumption 242 Kidneys, relative blood supply 243 Kidneys, renal portal system 247—249 Kidneys, secretion 253 Kidneys, skimming flow 202 Kidneys, urea excretion 242 Kidneys, weight 242 Kilocalorie, (kcal, Cal) (energy) 18 Krogh, August 66 106 203 Lactic acid, vasodilation 221 223 Laminar flow 279 Laminar flow and circulatory systems 82—84 Laminar flow and mixing of liquids 83 Laminar flow and Murray’s law 91—93 Laminar flow and Reynolds number 80—82 Laminar flow, Hagen — Poiseuille equation for 84—87 Laminar flow, parabolic flow 89—90 Laplace’s law and arteries 124 Laplace’s law and heart 143—145 147 Laplace’s law and small vessels 197 Laplace’s law and urinary bladder 120 Laplace’s law as metaphor 259 Laplace’s law, cephalopods 126 Laplace’s law, explained 118—120 279 Leaves, evaporative micropump 141 Leeuwenhoek, Antony van 196 Left atrium in fetus 35 Left atrium, location 28 29 31 77 Left ventricle in fetus 35 Left ventricle, blood pressure 69 115—116 Left ventricle, location 28 29 77 Left ventricle, output, human 15 Left ventricle, wall thickness 29—30 Legs, auxiliary pumping system 130—131 Legs, countercurrent exchangers, birds 187—189 Legs, pooling of blood in 131—132 Lipid see "Fat" Liquids 71 279 Liquids, diffusion in 102 Liquids, incompressibility 17 Liver as energy store 44 Liver, blood supply 243—244 Liver, function, old view 44 Liver, functions 244—245 Liver, oxygen supply 246 Liver, protein release 225 Liver, weight 244 Llama 164
Ðåêëàìà
|
|
Î ïðîåêòå