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| Herbert C.G., Johnstone R.A.W. — Mass Spectrometry Basics |
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| Предметный указатель |
Programming language 314
Protein(s) see also “Peptides and proteins analysis
Protein(s), Edman sequential degradation of 332
Protein(s), examination of 294
Protein(s), formation of 330
Protein(s), GC and 251
Protein(s), post-translational modifications of 291
Protein(s), production of from amino acids 327
Protein(s), scarce 329
Protein(s), sequencing 333
Protein(s), vaporization of 58
Proton(s) 337
Proton(s), number of in atom 338
Proton(s), transfer 4
PS see “Plasmaspray”
pt see “Plasma torch”
PTH see “Phenylthiohydantoin”
Pulse repetition frequency 128
Pulsed-field gradient, rate of application of 197
Purge-and-trap device 296
Pyridine, separation efficiency for 249
Q-switching 126
Q-switching, active 127
Q-switching, passive 127 128
Quadropole time-of-flight instruments, advantages of hybrid 172—173
Quadropole time-of-flight instruments, hybrid 169—173
Quadropole time-of-flight instruments, operations of hybrid 172
Quadropole time-of-flight instruments, separate quadrupole and time-of-flight analyzers 169—172
Quadrupole assembly, beams of ions injected into 184
Quadrupole assembly, end views of 184
Quadrupole assembly, ions in beam entering 173
Quadrupole assembly, ions traversing 188
Quadrupole mass spectrometry, how quadrupoles can be used to examine metastable ions 233
Quadrupole mass spectrometry, linked scanning and metastable ions in 231—235
Quadrupole mass spectrometry, linked scanning with triple quadrupole analyzers 233—235
Quadrupole mass spectrometry, normal and metastable ions 231—233
Quadrupole mass spectrometry, use of metastable ion and CID data 235
Quadrupole(s), as mass filter 231
Quadrupole(s), in narrow band-pass mode 172
Quadrupole(s), in wide band-pass mode 172
Quadrupole(s), instruments, comparison of magnetic sector and 185
Quadrupole(s), ion guide 378
Quadrupole(s), mass spectrometers 205 264
Quadrupole(s), potential well of 381
Quadrupole(s), use of in commercial instruments 382
Quantum tunneling 24
Quasi molecular ions 2 5
Radiation, absorption of 93
Radiation, cosmic 40
Radiation, Czerenkov 121
Radiation, emitted beam of coherent 384
Radiation, monochromatic 122 136
Radical-cation 13
Radio-frequency (RF), 164 see also “RF fields transmission
Radio-frequency (RF), field(s), application of to electrodes 380
Radio-frequency (RF), field(s), application of to rod assemblies 378
Radio-frequency (RF), field(s), inhomogeneous 372
Radio-frequency (RF), field(s), voltage swings of 379
Radio-frequency (RF), only multipole devices 373
Radio-frequency (RF), voltages, applied to ions 183
Radioactive decay constants 368
Radioactive isotopes 354
Radionuclides, ionization sources using 216
Random fragmentation 20
Rare earth(s), element analysis 351
Rare earth(s), ion-exchange separation of 351
Read-only memory (ROM) 308 309
Reagent gas(es) 2 3
Reagent gas(es), ions 4
Reagent gas(es), pressure 1
Recombinant technology 328
Reduced instruction set for computing (RISC) 314 315
Reference table 325
Reflection 155
Reflection, advantage of 166 172
Reflection, disadvantage of 191
Refractive index 128
Refractive index, detector 261
Refractive index, eluant 250
Relative molecular mass (RMM) 270 292
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 296
Restriction enzyme 328
Reversed-phase liquid chromatography 75
RF see “Radio-frequency”
RF fields, background 371—372
RF fields, gas pressure and ion/molecule collisions 372—377
RF fields, inhomogeneous RF fields applied to rod assemblies 378—382
RF fields, overall effects of ion/molecule collisions and use of ion transmission guides 377—378
RF fields, transmission of ions through inhomogeneous 371—382
Rhodamine G 133
RISC see “Reduced instruction set for computing”
RMM see “Relative molecular mass”
Rock sample, measurement of amount of argon in 368
Rod assemblies, inhomogeneous RF fields applied to 378
ROM see “Read-only memory”
Rotation lenses 179 180
Rotational energy 7 94
Ruby laser 133
Safe drinking water act 296
Sample(s), analysis, GC/MS 296
Sample(s), cleanup 277
Sample(s), complexity of 276
Sample(s), direct insertion of into plasma flame 105 115
Sample(s), evaporation 52
Sample(s), examination of by surface emission 45
Sample(s), inlets see “Plasma torches sample gases” “ sample liquid
Sample(s), introduction, problems of 109
Sample(s), laser pulse striking surface of 8
Sample(s), molecules, collision between 62
Sample(s), prevention of burning of 113
Sample(s), processes occurring in plasma after introduction of 92
Sample(s), substance, comparison of against standard compound 359
Sample(s), transfer efficiencies 142
Sample(s), type of 276
Sample(s), volatility 278
Scan data, manipulation of 257 265
Scanning modes 322
Scintillator 203 204
Sea temperatures, assessment of from thousands of years ago 351
Sea water, isotopic forms of carbon dioxide in 340
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) 17 260
Secondary ionization 10
Selected ion, monitoring (SIM) 259 267
Selected ion, recording (SIR) 259 267
Semiconductors, electric current in 126
Separation efficiency 249 251
Serial processing, of information 311
Serine 327
Signal-to-noise ratio 165 173
SIM see “Selected ion monitoring”
Sims see “Secondary ion mass spectrometry”
Sinapic acid 9
Single-point electron multipliers 213
SIR see “Selected ion recording”
Skimmers 78 393
Skin effect, for high-frequency heating 92
SMOC see “Standard mean ocean chloride”
Soft ionization 4 27 160
Soils, roadside 351
Solid-state lasers 126 133
Solids, formation of aerosols from 135
Solids, intractable 136
Solids, introduction of 110
Solution, removal of solvent from 55
Solvent(s), elution 85
Solvent(s), evaporation of 74 106
Solvent(s), less-volatile 79
Solvent(s), low-boiling 20
Solvent(s), molecule, protonated 62
Solvent(s), properties of 20 82
| Solvent(s), removal, differential 56 72
Solvent(s), separation of analyte ions from 65
Solvent(s), volatile 79
Sonic-spraying techniques 280
Space-charge effects 35 372 374
Spinach leaf extract 246
Spray(s), efficiency 56
Spray(s), inlet tube 66
Spray(s), nanotube 66
Spray(s), Z- 68 69
sputtering 36
Standard mean ocean chloride (SMOC) 354
Stationary phase, types of 248
Sterols 279
Stretching vibration 363
Sugars, examination of 26
Sugars, GC and 251
Sugars, vaporization of 58
Summaries, analysis of peptides and proteins by mass spectrometry 417—418
Summaries, array collectors 408—409
Summaries, atmospheric-pressure ionization 390—391
Summaries, biotechnology 421—422
Summaries, chemical ionization 383
Summaries, choice of mass spectrometer 417
Summaries, collection of 383—427
Summaries, comparison of multipoint collectors of ions 409—410
Summaries, computers and transputers in mass spectrometers 418—421
Summaries, coronas, plasmas, and arcs 387—388
Summaries, dynamic fast-atom bombardment and liquidphase secondary ion mass spectrometry interface 393—394
Summaries, electron ionization 385
Summaries, electrospray ionization 389—390
Summaries, Environmental Protection Agency protocols 418
Summaries, fast-atom bombardment and liquid-phase secondary ion mass spectrometry 385—386
Summaries, field ionization and field adsorption 386—387
Summaries, gas chromatography and liquid chromatography 413—414
Summaries, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry 414—415
Summaries, high-resolution, accurate mass measurement 416
Summaries, hybrid hexapole time-of-flight instruments 402—403
Summaries, hybrid magnetic-sector time-of-flight instruments 401—402
Summaries, hybrid orthogonal time-of-flight instruments 400—401
Summaries, hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight instruments 404
Summaries, ion optics of magnetic/electric-sector mass spectrometers 405
Summaries, isotopes and mass spectrometry 422—424
Summaries, laser adsorption ionization 384
Summaries, lasers and other light sources 398—399
Summaries, linked scanning and metastable ions in magnetic-sector mass spectrometry 412—413
Summaries, linked scanning and metastable ions in quadrupole mass spectrometry 412
Summaries, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry 415—416
Summaries, nebulizers 399—400
Summaries, origin and uses of metastable ions 411—412
Summaries, orthogonal time-of-flight ion optics 407—408
Summaries, particle-beam interface 393
Summaries, plasma torches 394—395
Summaries, point ion collectors 408
Summaries, quadrupole ion optics 405—406
Summaries, sample inlets for plasma torches (gases) 396
Summaries, sample inlets for plasma torches (liquid inlets) 397
Summaries, sample inlets for plasma torches (solid inlets) 398
Summaries, thermal ionization, surface emission of ions 388—389
Summaries, thermospray and plasmaspray interfaces 392—393
Summaries, time-of-flight ion optics 406—407
Summaries, time-to-digital converters 410—411
Summaries, transmission of ions through inhomogeneous RF fields 426—427
Summaries, uses of isotope ratios 424—425
Summaries, variations in isotope ratios 425—426
Summaries, Z-spray combined inlet/ion source 391—392
Sun, charged particles from 29
Surface, contamination, investigation of 12
Surface, emission, samples examined by 45
Surface, emission, thermochemistry of 47
Target-compound databases 300
TDC see “Time-to-digital converter”
Temperature programming 249
Thermal energy, transfer of 93
Thermal ionization (TI) 45 284 285
Thermal ionization, surface emission of ions 45—53
Thermally labile substance, examination of 26
Thermospray (TS) 79
Thermospray (TS), device, typical arrangement of 149 150
Thermospray (TS), ions passing into mass spectrometer analyzer from 74
Thermospray (TS), nebulizers (TN) 106 149
Thermospray (TS), variant of 71
Thermospray and plasmaspray interfaces 71—75
Thymine 327
TI see “Thermal ionization”
tic see “Total ion current”
Time bins, connected 222
Time-of-flight (TOF) 153
Time-of-flight (TOF), analyzer(s) 153 155 156 290
Time-of-flight (TOF), analyzer(s), hexapole assembly and 163
Time-of-flight (TOF), analyzer(s), ions required for 159
Time-of-flight (TOF), analyzer(s), mass spectra measured by 171
Time-of-flight (TOF), analyzer(s), microchannel plate combined with 217
Time-of-flight (TOF), analyzer(s), quadrupole analyzer used in conjunction with 169
Time-of-flight (TOF), arrangements, advantages of orthogonal 199
Time-of-flight (TOF), flight tube 197
Time-of-flight (TOF), instrument(s) 157
Time-of-flight (TOF), instrument(s), attainable resolving power of 190
Time-of-flight (TOF), instrument(s), hexapole 164
Time-of-flight (TOF), instrument(s), ion optics of 189
Time-of-flight (TOF), instrument(s), measurement of m/z ratios by 219
Time-of-flight (TOF), instrument(s), microchannel plate on 216
Time-of-flight (TOF), instrument(s), pulsed laser adsorption and 12
Time-of-flight (TOF), ion optics see “Ion optics orthogonal “ time-of-flight”
Time-of-flight (TOF), mass spectrometer(s) 191
Time-of-flight (TOF), mass spectrometer(s), collection of ions using 213
Time-of-flight (TOF), mass spectrometer(s), major advantage of 192
Time-of-flight (TOF), optics, essentials of 190
Time-to-digital converter (TDC) 160 201 205 219—224
Timing pulse 222
TN see “Thermospray nebulizers”
TOF see “Time-of-flight”
Toluene, EI spectrum of 283
Toluene, separation efficiency for 249
Total ion current (TIC) 84 257 323
Townsend breakdown region 41
Traffic lights 310
Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) 327
Transposition 328
Transputer(s) see also “Computers and transputers in mass spectrometers”
Transputer(s), architecture 313
Transputer(s), communication links needed between 312
Tree trunk, cross-sectionof 350
Triplet-state molecule 131
Tritium 339
tRNA see “Transfer ribonucleic acid”
TS see “Thermospray”
Tunneling microscopes 335
U.S. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) 295
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 295
Ultrasonic nebulizers (USN) 147 148 149
Uranium weapons, depleted 353
V-groove device 146
Vacuum, heating of metal wire in 45
Vacuum, ion traveling in 374
Vacuum, pumps 69 278
Vapor induction systems 102
Vaporization 56 72 105
Vegetation, roadside 351
Vibration, energy, of molecule 7
Vibration, excitation 386
Vibration, force constants 362
Vibration, stretching 363
Visible light 117
Volatile hydrides, borohydride method of forming 100
Volatile hydrides, inlet systems for generation of 99
Volatilization, rapid 279
Voltage, checking 322
Voltage, ion detector 319
Voltage, maladjusted 321
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