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| Herbert C.G., Johnstone R.A.W. — Mass Spectrometry Basics |
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| Предметный указатель |
EI see “Electron ionization”
Electric charges 337
Electric discharge, ablation 113
Electric discharge, effect 131
Electric fields, stray 372
Electric potential 387
Electric signal, digitized 306
Electrical heating 114
Electrode(s), inhomogeneous RF field applied to 380
Electrode(s), shapes, effect of on discharge 38
Electron ionization (EI) 1 13—16 61 71 225 275
Electron ionization (EI), /CE switching process 4 5
Electron ionization (EI), ion source 14—15
Electron ionization (EI), ionization process 13
Electron ionization (EI), isotopes 16
Electron ionization (EI), mass spectrum 14
Electron ionization (EI), mass-to-charge ratio 13—14
Electron ionization (EI), spread in kinetic energy in 177
Electron ionization (EI), suitability of beam entering ion chamber for 79
Electron ionization (EI), yield of molecular ions during 283
Electron multiplier(s), assemblage of single-point 213
Electron multiplier(s), idealized face view of set of 213
Electron multiplier(s), ions directed onto first plate of 202
Electron(s) 337
Electron(s), acceleration of 36
Electron(s), actual drift velocities of 35
Electron(s), collisions between neutral sample molecules and 38
Electron(s), drift of 41
Electron(s), energy(ies), barrier against 23
Electron(s), energy(ies), idealized distribution of 41
Electron(s), fast-moving 93
Electron(s), major property of 337
Electron(s), transfer, ionization by 19
Electronic amplification 203
Electronic circuit, flip-flop 303 306
Electronic energy, of molecule 7
Electronic switching, binary code and 306
Electrophoresis 331
Electrospray (ES) 277 291
Electrospray (ES), /mass spectrometry (ES/MS) 138
Electrospray (ES), attribute of 284
Electrospray (ES), development of 291
Electrospray (ES), inlet/ion source, schematic diagram of 56
Electrospray (ES), ions formed in 167
Electrospray (ES), light of sight for conventional 67
Electrospray (ES), nebulizer (EN) 150
Electrospray (ES), spectrum, sickle-cell carrier cord blood globins 293
Electrospray (ES), transmission guides used in 377
Electrospray (ES), uses of 58
Electrospray ionization (ESI) 55—60
Electrospray ionization (ESI), convenience of 59
Electrospray ionization (ESI), differential solvent removal 56—57
Electrospray ionization (ESI), general comments 59—60
Electrospray ionization (ESI), multicharged ions 57—58
Electrospray ionization (ESI), uses of electrospray 58—59
Electrostatic analyzer (ESA) 177
Electrothermal vaporization (ETV) 106 114
Element(s), analysis, rare earth 351
Element(s), atomic masses for common 270
Element(s), atomic weights of 346—347
Element(s), number of isotopes occurring naturally for 349
Element(s), slower-evaporating 116
Element(s), volatile 116
Elution solvent 85
Emission, difference between normal emission and stimulated 123
EN see “Electrospray nebulizer”
Energy(ies), collisional 29 376
Energy(ies), conversion of into light 121
Energy(ies), electronic 7
Energy(ies), filter 181
Energy(ies), ionization 47 49
Energy(ies), kinetic, ions having wrong 225
Energy(ies), kinetic, mass-selected main ion beam 198
Energy(ies), kinetic, product ion having insufficient 238
Energy(ies), kinetic, spread of in EI 177
Energy(ies), loss 123
Energy(ies), pulse of laser light of specific wavelength of 8
Energy(ies), rotational 7 94
Energy(ies), thermal 93
Energy(ies), transfer, inefficient 32
Energy(ies), translational 232
Energy(ies), vibrational 7
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 295
Environmental Protection Agency protocols 295—301
Environmental Protection Agency protocols, Contract Laboratory Program 296
Environmental Protection Agency protocols, environmental laws 295
Environmental Protection Agency protocols, protocols 296
Environmental Protection Agency protocols, sample analysis by GC/MS 296—301
Environmental science 351
Enzyme(s), heating of 331
Enzyme(s), restriction 328
Enzyme(s), uses of 333
EPA see “Environmental Protection Agency”
EPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) 295 296
Equations of motion 183 186
Equilibrium process, thermodynamic concentration governing 49
ES see “Electrospray”
ES/MS see “Electrospray/mass spectrometry”
ESA see “Electrostatic analyzer”
ESI see “Electrospray ionization”
ETV see “Electrothermal vaporization”
Evacuation chamber 77
evaporation 46
Evaporation, ion 51 ion
Evaporation, rate, variation in 116
Evaporation, sample 52
Evaporation, solvent 74 106
Event signals, storage of 222
Exact copying, gene 328
Exciplex 130
Excited state(s), atom, interaction of photon with 126
Excited state(s), levels 125
Excited state(s), methods of pumping to obtain 129
Excited state(s), populations of 124
Extraction cone 69
Faraday cup 202 204
Faraday dark space 34
fast switching 6
Fast-atom bombardment (FAB) 17 81 228 279 287
Fast-atom bombardment (FAB), /LSIMS ionization 82
Fast-atom bombardment (FAB), commonly used solvents for 21 83
Fast-atom bombardment (FAB), dynamic 86 163 263 288
Fast-atom bombardment (FAB), mass spectrum 21 22
Fast-atom bombardment (FAB), sensitivity of 290
Fast-atom bombardment (FAB), spread of kinetic energy in 177
Fast-atom bombardment and liquid-phase secondary ion mass spectrometry ionization 17—22
Fast-atom bombardment and liquid-phase secondary ion mass spectrometry ionization, atom or ion beams 18
Fast-atom bombardment and liquid-phase secondary ion mass spectrometry ionization, ionization process 18—20
Fast-atom bombardment and liquid-phase secondary ion mass spectrometry ionization, mass spectrum 21—22
Fast-atom bombardment and liquid-phase secondary ion mass spectrometry ionization, properties of solvent 20—21
Fast-ion bombardment (FIB) 279
FD see “Field desorption”
fi see “Field ionization”
fib see “Fast-ion bombardment”
Field ionization and field desorption 23—27
Field ionization and field desorption, design of needle tip electrode 24—25
Field ionization and field desorption, field ionization 23—24
Field ionization and field desorption, practical considerations of field ionization/field desorption 25—27
Field ionization and field desorption, types of compounds examined by FI/FD 27
Field, desorption (FD) 23 26 27
Field, free region, metastable ions decomposing in 238 239 240
Field, ionization (FI) 23 237
Field, strength 23
Filament(s), assembly 46
Filament(s), elements useful for construction of 45
Filament(s), lamp 121
Flame, heat capacity of 105
Flame, instability 396 397
Flame, ionization 246 253
Flame, self-sustaining 95 103
| Flame, solvent vapor entering 107
Flame, temperature, fluctuations in 98 109
Flash lamps 126 134
Fleming's left-hand rule 175 176
Flight tube 171
Flip-flop electronic circuit 303 306
Fluorocarbon 272
Fluorodecane, carbon atoms of 345
Fluorodecane, mass spectrum of molecular ion region of 344
Forbidden transition 125
FORTRAN 309 314
Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) 189 201 281
Fourier-transform techniques 274
Fractionation factors, variations in 358
Fragment ions 2 237 269
Fragmentation 3 105
Fragmentation, enhanced 228
Fragmentation, pathways 225
Fragmentation, random 20
Fragmentation, reactions 94 271
Fragmentation, under EI conditions 4
Frit nebulizers 146
Gas chromatography (GC) 4 77 245
Gas chromatography (GC), analyzers, coupling of to mass spectrometers 252
Gas chromatography (GC), detectors, sensitivity of 252
Gas chromatography (GC), development of 253
Gas chromatography (GC), mass chromatogram 298
Gas chromatography (GC), peak, scanning of mass spectrum over 256
Gas chromatography (GC), retention-time accuracy 300
Gas chromatography (GC), separation by 74
Gas chromatography and liquid chromatography 245—252
Gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, chromatographic process 248—250
Gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, detectors 250—251
Gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, injectors 250
Gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, principles of gas and liquid chromatography 245—246
Gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, requirements for chromatographic apparatus 246—247
Gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, typical stationary phases for use in 248
Gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, uses of GC and LC 251—252
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) 253—260
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), advantage of magnetic instrument in 256
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), connection between GC and MS 254—255
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), instruments, output from 324
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), manipulation of scan data 257—260
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), recording mass spectra 255—257
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), sample analysis by 296
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), systems, ion sources in 254
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), use of CI/EI in tandem in 4
Gas, argon 89 90 152
Gas, atoms, ionization of neutral 42
Gas, background 374
Gas, bath 282 378
Gas, carrier 152
Gas, chromatograms 247 257 259
Gas, collision 74 161 374
Gas, diffusion 95
Gas, direct heating of 87
Gas, drying 62 63
Gas, electric discharges in 30
Gas, electromagnetically heated 91
Gas, fast-flowing 142
Gas, flow, capillary GC column 101
Gas, flow, effect of on discharge 38
Gas, helium as background 374
Gas, inlet 276
Gas, introduction of 98 101
Gas, lasers 131
Gas, liquid chromatography (GLC) 245
Gas, pressure, effect of on discharge 38
Gas, pressure, ion/molecule collisions and 372
Gas, reagent 2 3
Gas, state lasers 129
GC see “Gas chromatography”
GC/MS see “Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry”
Gel-filtration chromatography 331
Gene, cloning 328
Gene, machine 328 329
genetic engineering 328 334
Glass, refractive index of 128
GLC see “Gas liquid chromatography”
Glow, anode 34 35
Glow, discharge, characteristics 39
Glow, discharge, colors of light emitted in different regions of 33
Glow, discharge, electric-field gradients across 35
Glycerol, as matrix 85
Gold plating, on ceramic 12
Grass 86
Ground states, populations of 124
Guanine 327
Guided motion 380
Guiding potential 379
Hall-effect probe 242
Halo compounds 5
Hb Montreal — Chori 292
Heating, electrical 114
Heavy water 353
Helium, as background gas 374
Helium, atom(s), excited-state 131
Helium, atom(s), formation of 132
Hemoglobin, electrospray mass spectrum of 58
Hemophilia, use of DNA sequence data to investigate 329
HEN see “High-efficiency nebulizer”
Hexapole time-of-flight instruments, advantages of hybrid 167
Hexapole time-of-flight instruments, hexapole bridge 164—165
Hexapole time-of-flight instruments, hybrid 163—167
Hexapole time-of-flight instruments, inlet systems 163—164
Hexapole time-of-flight instruments, operation of hybrid 166—167
Hexapole time-of-flight instruments, time-of-flight analyzer 165—166
Hexapole(s), /TOF instrument 164
Hexapole(s), assembly 170
Hexapole(s), bridge 164
Hexapole(s), connection of rods in 381
Hexapole(s), unit, diagrammatic representation of 165
Hexapole(s), use of in commercial instruments 382
High-efficiency nebulizer (HEN) 143
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 61 77 268
HPLC see “High-performance liquid chromatography”
Hybrid analyzers 153
Hybrid instruments 281
Hybrid operation 166
Hydrides, analysis of elemental 99
Hydrides, borohydride method of forming volatile 100
Hydrides, generation of volatile 98 99
Hydrogen-bonding forces 279
iCR see “Ion cyclotron resonance”
Immune response 334
In-line analyzers 153
Incandescent lamp 120 121
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES) 87—88 97
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) 87 97
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS), charged droplets in 151
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS), examination of samples by 103 109 137
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS), examination of solutions by 108
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS), instrument, GC connections to 101
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS), instrument, solutions introduced into 107
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS), nebulizers used in 139
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS), use of laser for ablative sampling in 112
Inlet(s), liquid 104
Inlet(s), nebulization 108
Inlet(s), target, line-of-sight trajectory to 56
Inlet(s), trajectories for 67
Inlet(s), tube sprays, normal 66
Inlet(s), Z-spray 69
Instrument(s), control 320
Instrument(s), design 371
Instrument(s), GC/MS, output from 324
Instrument(s), LC/MS, output from 324
Instrument(s), use of quadrupoles and hexapoles in commercial 382
Instrument(s), well-tuned 321
Interference devices 119
International units, system of 361
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