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                    | Kline M. — Mathematical thought from ancient to modern times |  
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                    | Предметный указатель |  
                    | | Newton, Sir Isaac: biography      365—369 Newton-Raphson method      381
 Nicholas of Cusa, Cardinal      241
 Nichomachus      135—138 201
 Nicole, Francois      548
 Nicomedes      117—118 286
 Nieuwentijdt, Bernard      385
 Nine-point circle      837
 Nobeling, A.Georg      1162
 Noether, Emmy      931 932 1153 1180
 Noether, Max      933 934 940 941 944
 Non Euclidean geometry      729 861—881 947 1014 1025 see
 Non Euclidean geometry, applicability      872 873 877 921 922
 Non Euclidean geometry, axioms for      1015
 Non Euclidean geometry, consistency      880 913 917
 Non Euclidean geometry, hyperbolic      905 906
 Non Euclidean geometry, implications      879 880
 Non Euclidean geometry, models      888 905 906 912 917
 Non Euclidean geometry, priority of creation      877 879
 Non Euclidean geometry, single and double elliptic      904 906 912 913
 Non-Archimedian geometry      1016
 Non-Riemannian geometries      1133 1135
 normal      560 561
 Novikov, P.S.      1143
 NUMBER      29 30 see "Irrational "Negative "Theory
 Number, amicable      31 278 610
 Number, hexagonal      31 32
 Number, pentagonal      31
 Number, perfect      31 78 137 278 610
 Number, polygonal      137 277 278 829
 Number, prime      see "Prime number"
 Number, square      30
 Number, triangular      29 30 828
 Ohm, Martin      976 987
 Olbers, Heinrich W.M.      818 872 980
 Oldenburg, Henry      273 370
 Olympiodorus      580
 Operator      1076 1077 1082 1085 1089 1094
 Operator, hermitian      1092 1093
 Opticks      358
 Optics      88 166—168 196 212 213 285 286 307 314 315 357 579—581 740
 Ordinal number      1000 1001
 Ordinary differential equation      468—500 578 709—738 see "Auto—morphic "Qualitative "Sturm "Summability"
 Ordinary differential equation, adjoint      487
 Ordinary differential equation, Bernoulli's      474
 Ordinary differential equation, Bessel's      488 489 519
 Ordinary differential equation, Clairaut's      476 477
 Ordinary differential equation, exact      476
 Ordinary differential equation, existence theorems      717 721 1178 1179
 Ordinary differential equation, first order      451 471—478
 Ordinary differential equation, Fuchsian      721 722 724 726
 Ordinary differential equation, higher order      484—487
 Ordinary differential equation, hypergeomctric      489 712 723
 Ordinary differential equation, Lamp's      721 722
 Ordinary differential equation, Legendre's      529 711
 Ordinary differential equation, linear      485—487 730—732
 Ordinary differential equation, Mathieu's      713 714
 Ordinary differential equation, method of series      488 489 709—712
 Ordinary differential equation, nonlinear      483 484 732 738
 Ordinary differential equation, periodic solutions      713 714 730—732
 Ordinary differential equation, Riccati      483 484
 Ordinary differential equation, second order      478—484
 Ordinary differential equation, singular solutions of      476 478
 Ordinary differential equation, systems of      490—492 735 742
 Ordinary differential equation, variation of parameters      497 499
 Ordinary differential equation, Weber's      714
 Oresme, Nicole      210 211 241 437
 Orthogonal system of functions      716 1066
 Orthogonal trajectories      474 475
 Osculating circle      556
 Osculating plane      559 561
 Ostrogradsky's theorem      see "Divergence theorem"
 Ostrogradsky, Michel      683 789 790
 Oughtred, William      258
 Oval of Descartes      315 316
 Ozanam, Jacques      323 1028
 P-adic fields      1146 1147
 Pacioli, Luca      234—237 250 251 260
 Painleve, Paul      737
 Pappus      26 38 57 127—129 168 174 223 1005
 Pappus's Theorem      128 297 298
 Pappus-Guldin theorem      129
 Papyri      16 20 25 132
 Parabolic cylinder functions      714
 Paradoxes of set theory      1182—1185
 Parallel axiom      60 177 852 863—867 916 1012 1014
 Parallel displacement      1130 1133
 Parent, Antoine      545
 Parmenides      27 150
 Parseval inequality      1093
 Parseval's theorem      716 717 971 1047
 Parseval, Marc-Antoine      716 717
 Partial derivative      425
 Partial differential equation      362 502 543 567 568 671—707
 Partial differential equation, classification      700 701
 Partial differential equation, existence theorems      685 699 707 1178 1179
 Partial differential equation, first order      532 535
 Partial differential equation, Hamilton Jacobi      744
 Partial differential equation, heat equation      672 675 679 687 689
 Partial differential equation, Helmholtz      693—696 1056
 Partial differential equation, nonlinear      536—540
 Partial differential equation, Poisson's      682 684 685
 Partial differential equation, potential      524 529 639 681 687 703—705
 Partial differential equation, reduced wave equation      693 694
 Partial differential equation, separation of variables      516 517 673 674
 Partial differential equation, systems of      540—542 696 699
 Partial differential equation, total      532
 Partial differential equation, wave equation      502 522 690—694
 Pascal triangle      272 273
 Pascal's theorem      297 298 848
 Pascal, Blaise      219 252 258 272 273 395 1026 1028
 Pascal, Blaise, biography      295 297
 Pascal, Blaise, calculus      350 352 353 383 384
 Pascal, Blaise, projective geometry      297—301 840
 Pasch's axiom      1011 1012
 Pasch, Moritz      1008 1009 1137
 Peacock, George      622 773 775 974 975 980
 Peano curve      1018 1161
 Peano's axioms      988 989
 Peano, Giuseppe      988 989 1009 1010 1014 1018 1020 1038 1042 1043 1137 1162
 Peckham, John      213
 Peirce, Benjamin      793 1023
 Peirce, Charles S.      793 1144 1191
 Peletier, Jacques      1005
 Pell's equation      278 610 611
 Pemberton, Henry      392
 Pendulum motion      337 469 471 472 479 556
 Pericles      37
 Periodicity modules      641 662
 Permanence of form      773—775
 Permutation      see "Substitution"
 Permutations and combinations      273
 Persia      4 10
 Perspective      231 234 286—287
 Peurbach, George      238
 Peyrard, Francois      57
 Pfaff, Johann Friedrich      489 870
 Philolaus      28 147 148
 Philoponus      211
 PI      10 11 19 134 135 251 255 353 439 448 593 980—982
 Piazzi, Giuseppe      870
 Picard's theorems      668
 Picard, (Charles) Emile      668 705 706 720 945 1025 1037 1040 1070 1169
 Pick, Georg      1131
 Pieri, Mario      1009 1010
 Piero della Francesca      233 235
 Pierpont, James      1096
 Pitiscus, Bartholomaus      238
 Pitot, Henri      545
 Plateau, Joseph      750
 
 | Plato      26 38 42—47 48 150 151 154 395 1026 Plato, concept of mathematics      43 44 150 151 175
 Platonic school      42—48
 Playfair, John      865
 Plucker formulas      857
 Plucker, Julius      836 846 853 858 933
 Plutarch      46 106
 Poincare conjecture      1175 1176
 Poincare's last theorem      1178
 Poincare, Henri      706 707 709 973 1003 1025 1026 1056 1145
 Poincare, Henri, algebra      732
 Poincare, Henri, algebraic geometry      938—39
 Poincare, Henri, asymptotic series      1097 1104 1108
 Poincare, Henri, automorphic functions      728—730 1139
 Poincare, Henri, biography      706 1024 1170
 Poincare, Henri, differential equations      704 706 707 732—737
 Poincare, Henri, foundations      1086 1197—1199
 Poincare, Henri, non-Euclidean geometry      916—917 921—22
 Poincare, Henri, topology      1161—62 1170—76 1178—79
 Poincare-Bendixson theorem      737
 Point at infinity      290
 Poisson, Simeon-Denis      452 464 633 678 679 681 682 690 691 697 710 739 740 801 962 1024 1052 1100 1103 1110 1111
 Polar coordinates      319
 Pole and Polar      96 97 294 298 299 845
 Polyhedra, regular      47 85 86
 Poncelet, Jean Victor      834 836 837 840 841 846 906 933 1024
 Pontrjagin, Lev S.      1180
 Poree, Gilbert de la      206
 Porphyry      57
 positional notation      5—7 185
 Potential theory      522—529 659 681—687 1055 1056
 Potential theory, equation      524—529 659 682—687 703—705
 Potential theory, function      524 682—686
 Poudra, N.G.      289
 Power series      643 644 see
 Precession of the equinoxes      158 369
 Primary and secondary qualities      326 329
 Prime number      78 277 609 830—832 see "Prime
 Prime number theorem      830—832
 Principia Maihematica      1193
 Principle of continuity      385—387 841 843—845
 Principle of duality      845 846 848 849 855
 Principle of least action      581 582 587 589 620 739—745
 Principle of least time      315 580 581
 Principle of Stationary Phase      1099
 Pringsheim, Alfred      1038
 Printing      217
 probability      273
 Proclus      24 26 29 44 56 104 129 131 863 993 1005
 Projectile motion      286 476 479
 Projection      232 287
 Projective geometry      233 285 301 834—859 1007—1010 see
 Projective geometry, algebraic      852—859
 Projective geometry, and metric geometry      904—923
 Projective geometry, relation to Euclidean geometry      850—852 909 1033
 Projective geometry, relation to non-Euclidean geometry      909—912 1033
 Projective plane      290 1168
 proof      14 20—22 34 44 46 50 144 171 44 45
 Proportion      32 137 138 237
 Proportion, Eudoxian theory of      68
 Pseudosphere      893 905
 Ptolemy dynasty      102 103
 Ptolemy, Claudius      119 122—125 145 159 160 169 863 866
 Puiseux's theorem      552 553
 Puiseux, Victor      552 641 642
 Pure and applied mathematics      1036 1038
 Pythagoras      27—34 46
 Pythagorean number philosophy      219
 Pythagorean Theorem      10 20 33 63 64 184
 Pythagorean triples      10 31 32 34
 Pythagoreans      27—34 49 47—50
 Quadratic equation      8 9 19 186 187 192 193
 Quadratic equation, solved geometrically      76 77
 Quadratic form      799 780 see
 Quadratic form, infinite      1063—1066
 Quadratic form, reduction to standard form      799 801 802
 Quadratic reciprocity      611 612 813 815 817
 Quadratrix      39 40 48
 Quadrature      42
 Quadric surface      108—110 168 545 546 848
 Quadrivium      146 149 150 201 202
 Qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations      732—738 1170
 Quantics      928
 Quantitative versus qualitative knowledge      333 334
 Quartic equations      267—270
 Quaternion      779—782 791 1025
 Quetelet, Lambert A.J.      569 845 933
 Quintic equation      763
 Raabe, Joseph L.      1112
 Radon, Johann      1050
 Rameau, Jean-Philippe      515
 Raphson, Joseph      381
 Rate of change, instantaneous      344 360
 Rayleigh, Lord (Strutt, John William)      684
 Recorde, Robert      259 260
 Reduction of singularities      941 942
 Reformation      218
 Regiomontanus      see "Muller Johannes"
 Regius, Hudalrich      278
 Relativity      894 1130 1131
 Religious motivation      219 220 359
 Residue      638 640
 Resolvent equation      604 760
 Resultant      606 608 797 798
 Revival of Greek works      205 207 216 217
 Rhaeticus, George Joachim      238 239
 Riccati, Jacopo Francesco, Count      483 484 500
 Ricci tensor      1127
 Ricci's lemma      1129
 Ricci-Curbastro, Gregorio      1122—1130
 Richard, Jules      1183
 Riemann four index symbol      894 1125
 Riemann hypothesis      831
 Riemann mapping theorem      666
 Riemann problem      724 726 1069
 Riemann surface      656 662 934 935 937
 Riemann zeta function      831
 Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard      1021 1030 1033 1077 1122
 Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard, biography      655 656 889 924
 Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard, complex function theory      656 666 934 939
 Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard, differential equations      691—693 722—724 727
 Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard, differential geometry      889—899 904 1122
 Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard, foundations of analysis      955 967—969
 Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard, non-Euclidean geometry      914
 Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard, theory of numbers      831
 Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard, topology      920
 Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard, trigonometric series      967—969 1040
 Riemann-Lebesgue lemma      1046 1047
 Riemann-Roch theorem      665 940
 Riemannian geometry      889 899 1126 1127 1131—1133
 Riemannian geometry, applicability      893
 Riesz Fischer theorem      1072 1084
 Riesz representation theorem      1085
 Riesz, Friedrich      1070—1073 1085—1087
 Rigor      947—977 1025 1209 see
 Ring      821 822 931 1150—1153
 Roberval, Gilles Persone de      295 338 339 344 350 351 354 384
 Roch, Gustav      665 934
 Rodrigues, Olinde      531 883
 Rohault, Jacques      492
 Rolle, Michel      381
 Romans      106 178—180
 Romanus, Adrianus      240
 Rosanes, Jacob      934
 Rudolff, Christoff      254
 Ruffini, Paolo      605 606 764—766
 Rule of false position      1819
 Ruled surfaces      567 859
 Russell, Bertrand      923 988 992 1003 1005 1033 1183 1184 1192—1196
 Rychlik, K.      955
 
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