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Luger G.F., Stubblefield W.A. — Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving
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Íàçâàíèå: Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem SolvingÀâòîðû: Luger G.F., Stubblefield W.A. Àííîòàöèÿ: Combines the theoretical foundations of intelligent problem-solving with he data structures and algorithms needed for its implementation. The book presents logic, rule, object and agent-based architectures, along with example programs written in LISP and PROLOG. The practical applications of AI have been kept within the context of its broader goal: understanding the patterns of intelligence as it operates in this world of uncertainty, complexity and change.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Computer science /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Èçäàíèå: third editionÃîä èçäàíèÿ: 1998Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 824Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 10.03.2006Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Ross, P. 421 Ross, T. 289—290 292 Roussel, P. 350 Rule-based expert systems 206—246 (see also “Expert-systems”) Rumelhart, D.E. 301 304 673 711 Russell, B. 5 8—9 19 29 41 51 203 246—247 560 661 Russell, S. 646 S-expression 426 429—430 731 Sacerdotti, E. 199 201 566 Sacks, O. 293 Safir, A. 266 290 Sahni, S. 92 121 Samuels, A. 236 239 757 Samuel’s checker player 127 148 757 Santa Fe Institute 715 Satisfiability 65—67 Schank, R. 30 245 304—306 324 327—328 556 schemas see “Frames” Scheme 351 Schwartz, W. 290 Scope of quantifier 60 Scripts 294 308 324—328 756 Scripts and conceptual dependencies 324 Scripts, between-the-lines problem 326 Scripts, entry conditions 325 Scripts, roles 325 Search see “State-space search” Searle.J. 14 34 556 777 Seboek, T.A. 778 Sedgewick, R. 121 Sejnowski, T. 679 712 Self-organizing networks 685 Selfridge, O. 711 770 Selman, B. 282 Selz, O. 301 334 Semantic grammars 555 Semantic network 10 23 36 40 107 206 294 299—309 343 411—4112 494—497 518 527 756 767 Semantics 22—23 27—28 37—41 47 49—52 58—63 120 179—180 349 778 Set of support 560 580 600 Shafer, G. 290 Shakespeare, W. 4 203 519—520 Shakey 192 Shannon, C. 628 711 Shapiro, E. 421—422 Shapiro, S.C. 199 258 278 289—290 590 602 733 Shavlik, J.W. 658 680 Shaw, J.C. 52 203 757 766 Shelley, M. 1 4 Shelley, P. 4 Shimony, S. 283 Short-term memory 173 Shortliffe, E.H. 20 245 263 288—289 768 Shrager, J. 650 659 SHRDLU 22 521 Siegelman, H. 774 Siekmann, J.H. 600 Silverstein, J.W. 696 712 Similarity-based learning 605 Simmons, R.F. 301 304 Simon, D.P. 174 769 Simon, H.A. 13 18—19 28 30 33 41 51 121 123 159 172 174 199 203 559—560 563—564 600 604 753 755 757—758 766—769 776 780 Sims, M.H. 650 SIMULA 352 Simulation 505—511 Situated action theory 764—766 Situatedness 14—16 Skapura, D.M. 711 771 Skinner, J.M. 198—199 236—237 239 246 Skolem function 68 Skolemization 68 569—571 Sleeman, D. 768 Smalltalk 30 352 Smart, G. 245 289 Smith, B.C. 206 556 780 Smith, J.C. 688 720 Smith, M. 768 Smith, R.G. 21 Smolier, S. 199 Snyder, G. 339 Soar 174 770 Social models of learning 736—747 (see also “Emergent computation”) Society of Mind 770 Socrates 5 Soloway, E. 174 758 Solution path 87 Sontag, E.D. 774 Soundness 65—67 566 593 Sowa, J. 309 334 422 534 541 552 556 Specificity 184 Speech understanding 196—198 Speed-up learning 645 Spiegelhalter, D.J. 258 289 291 SQL 551—554 Standardization of network relationships 303—309 Stanford certainty factor algebra see “Certainty factor algebra” Start state 87 State space search 7 17 25—26 29 33—34 41—46 81—122 127 130 132—134 139—144 152—157 159—201 227 361 364—371 449—455 459—460 560 592 628 657 723 755 757—758 State space search and logical inference 108—120 State space search and planning 190—196 State space search and propositional calculus 107—111 State space search, admissibility 127 139—142 156—157 758 State space search, Algorithm A 140 State space search, Algorithm A* 127 139—144 156—157 State space search, alpha-beta pruning 127 150—152 156 State space search, and/or graphs 109—121 State space search, backtracking 96—101 110 130 160 163 176 198 223 361 368 592 State space search, backward chaining 93—96 112—116 State space search, beam search 154 State space search, best-first search 99 107 124 127—130 156 State space search, branch and bound 92 State space search, branching factor 96 State space search, breadth-first search 99—105 124 State space search, complexity 88—89 91—92 105—106 124—127 152—155 State space search, data driven search 93—96 121 181—183 198 206 226—230 594—595 State space search, denned 87 State space search, depth-first iterative deepening 106 State space search, depth-first search 99 102—106 124 159—163 174 367—369 381—383 449—460 560 592 State space search, exhaustive search 91 State space search, forward chaining 93—96 State space search, goal driven search 93—96 112—116 121 State space search, hill-climbing 127 129 628 657 675 723 757 State space search, implementation 96—106 159—201 State space search, informedness 129 139 142—144 153—155 758 State space search, minimax 127 144—152 156—157 State space search, monotonicity 127 State space search, opportunistic search 227 State space search, pattern-directed search 164—170 (see also “Production systems”) State space search, production systems 160 171—186 State space search, recursive search 161—170 State space search, shortest path 132—134 139—142 State space search, solution path 87 State space search, state 42 State space search, subgoal 93 State space search, uninformed search 106 Statistical approaches to uncertainty 249—268 Steele.G. 505 511 Stepp, R.E. 652 Sterling, L. 421—422 Stern, C. 235—236 281 769 Stochastic analysis 543—550 Stoller, M. 123 Story understanding 550—551 streams 474—476 482—486 Streams and delayed evaluation 482—486 STRIPS 192—196 199 566 640 Strong methods 758 Structure mapping 647 Stubblefield, W.A. 237—238 650 Subgoal 93 164 167 Subjective probabilities 259—260 Subsumption 583 600 subsumption architecture 741—742 Suchman, L. 764—765 Supervised learning 605 613 694—696 Sussman, G.J. 26 511 775 Syllogism 67 Symbol level 340—342 Symbolic computing 436—438 Synapse 26 Syntax 47—49 Systematicity 648—649 Szolovits, P. 290 Tanimoto, S.L. 511 Tarski, A. 5 9 Tarskian semantics see “First-order predicate calculus” “Semantics” “Propositional “Semantics” Taxonomy 769—770 Taxonomy of representation schemes 294 TEIRESIAS 199 269 Teleo-reactive agents 742 Teleo-reactive planning 199 Temporal logics 334 Term 54 Terrence 519 Thagard, P. 659 Theorem proving see “Automated reasoning” Thermostat simulation 505—511 Tic-Tac-Toe 42 88—89 107 124—127 149—152 Tofte, M. 775 Tooby.J. 762 Top-down decision tree induction 627—628 Top-down parsing 525 Touretzky, D.S. 273 290 328 331 511 Towers of Hanoi 768 Transformational analogy 239—240 Transformational grammars 555—556 Transition network parsers 527—531 Traveling salesperson 91—92 121 717 719—721 Tree-recursion 441—443 Triangle table 46 193—196 Truth maintenance systems 249 270 275—281 Truth maintenance systems, assumption-based truth maintenance 278—281 Truth maintenance systems, chronological backtracking 276 Truth maintenance systems, dependency-directed backtracking 276 Truth maintenance systems, justification-based truth maintenance 276—279 Truth maintenance systems, logic-based 281 Truth maintenance systems, multiple belief reasoner 281 Truth symbol 48—49 53—54 Truth table 50—51 79 Truth value 59—60 Turing Test 10—13 30 31 34 209 Turing, A. 5 8 10 12—14 27—31 766 775 Turner, R. 294 318 334 Tutoring systems 768 Twain, M. 661 type hierarchy 529—543 Ullman, J.D. 532 551—552 556 Uncertainty see “Reasoning with uncertainty” Undecidability 60—61 Unification 67—78 113—114 160 165 169 181 344 364 368 394—396 463—469 583—587 Unification and PROLOG 394—396 Unification in LISP 463—469 Unification, algorithm defined 71—74 Unification, answer extraction 583—587 592 Unification, binding 69—70 Unification, composition of substitutions 69—70 592 Unification, ground instance 69 Unification, most general unifier(mgu) 70 Unification, occurs check 69 467 Unification, substitution 69 Uninformed search 106 Unit preference 560 580—581 592 UNIT RESOLUTION 581 600 Universal instantiation 66—68 Universal quantification 56—58 61—63 318—319 361—362 569—572 Unsatisfiability 65—67 Unsupervised learning 605 649—658 691—694 Ures.L. 550 Urey, H.C. 735 Utgoff, P.E. 635 Validity 65—67 Valient, L.G. 637—638 van Lehn, K. 245 768 VanEmden, M. 588 590 VanLe, T. 421 Varela, F.J. 777 Variable 53—63 Verification 19 21 Veroff.R. 121 Version space search 605 612—624 Viterbi algorithm 545—546 von Neumann, J. 10 663 740 747 766 Waldinger, R. 79 Walker, A. 422 Wang, P.Y. 281 Warren, D.H.D. 350 Warren, D.S. 421—422 Waterman, D. 21 30 199 209 245 289 Weak methods 518 560 758 Weir, C.C. 235 Weiss, S.M. 266 290 659 Weizanbaum, J. 30 777—778 Weld, D.S. 335 Well-formed formula 9 48—49 Wellman, M.P. 256 Weyrauch, R.W. 334 Wff see “Well-formed formula” Whitehead, A.N. 8—9 19 29 41 52 203 560 Why query 211 224—225 399—400 Widrow, B. 673 Wilks.Y. 30 301 304 556 Wilson, W. 422 Winner-take-all learning 682—690 Winograd, T. 14 22 30 34 335 520 542 555—556 777—780 Winston, P.H. 26 121 608 641 Wirth, N. 82 422 Wittgenstein, L. 14 654 684 Wolstencroft, J. 646 Woods, W. 295 298 308 336 Working memory 171—186 227 Wos.L. 30 79 559 580—581 597 599—601 XCON 21 174 209 212 214 758 Yager, R.R. 290 Young, R.M. 34 769 Zadeh.L.A. 284 287 290 308 Zurada, J.M. 675 686 711 771
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