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| Ïîèñê ïî óêàçàòåëÿì |
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| Churchland P.S., Sejnowski T.J. — The computational brain |
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| Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü |
Movement coding, by vector averaging 235—237
Moving-edge-detector 183
Multidimensional representing 163
Multiple-speaker vowel recognition problem 126f 130
Muscle cells, brain control of 331
Near cells 207
Nearest-neighbor configuration 76
Nearness 208
Necker cube 145
Nervous systems see also “Brain; Central nervous system; specific areas of ability of to cope with novelty” 139
Nervous systems anatomical and physiological techniques in 427—443
Nervous systems as physical devices 67—68
Nervous systems computation in 7—9 10
Nervous systems development of 307—316
Nervous systems dynamic nature of 427
Nervous systems effect of evolutionary history on 147
Nervous systems energy consumption for computation in 9
Nervous systems global effect of local change in 377—378
Nervous systems groundbreaking discoveries in science of 3—4
Nervous systems imaging techniques for 432—437
Nervous systems knowledge of micro-organization of 430
Nervous systems layers and columns of 35—37
Nervous systems levels of 18
Nervous systems levels of analysis 18—19
Nervous systems levels of organization 11f 19—21
Nervous systems levels of processing 23—27
Nervous systems local networks in 37—40
Nervous systems materials of construction for computational strategies in 9—10
Nervous systems memory storage in 317—318
Nervous systems methods of communication of with hormonal system 59f
Nervous systems model for decision-making in insect 24f
Nervous systems noncognitive functions of 8
Nervous systems number of neurons and synapses in 51
Nervous systems of leech 341
Nervous systems organization levels, structure at 20f 27—48
Nervous systems oxygen and nutrient supply for 9—10
Nervous systems physical mechanisms in 239—240
Nervous systems physics of 416
Nervous systems protein and lipid supply of 9—10
Nervous systems range of tasks performed by 316—317
Nervous systems reciprocal connections in 317
Nervous systems reflexes in 411
Nervous systems spatial factors limiting computational strategies in 9
Nervous systems specialization of function in regions of 50—51 50f
Nervous systems speed of computational strategies of 8—9
Nervous systems time-management problem of 380
NETtalk architecture of 118—119f
NETtalk in analysis of hidden units 115
NETtalk input to 115
NETtalk mapping of graphemes onto phonemes in 324
NETtalk vowel representation in 173—174
networks see also “specific network models and adaptive interactions” 6 239
Networks (cont) binary threshold units of 87
Networks (cont) connection strengths in 187
Networks (cont) convergence of to stable local minima 89
Networks (cont) definition of 77
Networks (cont) dynamics of 4
Networks (cont) higher-order 124
Networks (cont) Hopfield 85—87
Networks (cont) in complex effects 4
Networks (cont) increasing capacity of 79—82
Networks (cont) intrinsic temporal structure of 120—121
Networks (cont) learning in 96—102
Networks (cont) learning to cluster related information 128—129
Networks (cont) local 37—40
Networks (cont) mathematical tasks of 78
Networks (cont) models 12—13
Networks (cont) models computer 39—40
Networks (cont) models modification of to improve scalability of 125—127
Networks (cont) models problem-solving capacity of 125
Networks (cont) models realistic and simplifying 136—137
Networks (cont) modules and 316—329
Networks (cont) optimal rate of cooling of 92
Networks (cont) recurrent 115—125
Networks (cont) relation of models to real world 125—130
Networks (cont) relaxation of 90—91
Networks (cont) research at level of 12—13
Networks (cont) rhythmic output of 4—5
Networks (cont) running of 85
Networks (cont) teacher as adjunct to 102
Networks (cont) time considerations in 138
Networks (cont) trained-up 362—363
Networks (cont) types of 77f
Networks (cont) use-dependent modification of 296
Networks (cont) visual input to 95—96
Neural circuits, leech 341
Neural operations, and computations they help perform 45f
Neural systems, principles of organization of 413
Neurochemicals, release of 44—46
Neuromodeling constituencies of 13—14
Neuromodeling rationale for 13 14—16
Neuromodulators, synthesis, transport, and storage of 49f
Neuron membranes NMDA receptor-induced oscillations of in lamprey 410f
Neuron membranes with voltage-dependent calcium ion channels 270—271
Neuron-neuron connectivity 1
Neuronal networks see “Networks”
Neurons 1
Neurons activity-dependent modification of 293—294 296f
Neurons and circuits 281—289
Neurons computation in 68
Neurons connectivity of 250
Neurons crossed commissural, unilateral excitation of 389—392
Neurons dependence of macro effects on 3
Neurons differences in intrinsic firing patterns of 53f
Neurons difficulty in identifying learning-dependent changes in 254—255
Neurons directionally selective, response of 25—27
Neurons disparity sensitivity profiles of 202—203f
Neurons electrical nature of 3
Neurons electrical signaling in 48
Neurons electrophysiological and anatomical features of 4—5
Neurons function of 27
Neurons hierarchical organization in 181
Neurons in nervous system processing 40—44
Neurons in superior temporal sulcus 180—181f
Neurons inhibitory and excitatory synapses on 43f 44
Neurons interaction of 415
Neurons laminar organization of 3 5
Neurons magnetic currents in 440
Neurons major types of processing of 302f
Neurons mathematical models and computer simulations of 13
Neurons mechanism for signals passing between 42
Neurons mechanisms of plasticity in 254—281
Neurons membrane of 47—48
Neurons modeling of for sensorimotor integration 399—411
Neurons models of in lamprey spinal cord 403
Neurons mutual inhibition in 37
Neurons number of in human nervous system 51
Neurons open- and closed-eye 316
Neurons origin, differentiation, and migration of types of 308f
Neurons pathway segregation of 179
Neurons principal types of in cerebral cortex 36f
Neurons recent discoveries about 4
Neurons response patterns in 160—161 441—442
Neurons response patterns in with antagonist direction-selective surround 58f
Neurons search for loci of plasticity in 259—260
Neurons single-unit technique to study response of 39 41f 440—442
Neurons sources of widely projecting 57 58f
Neurons task-dependent effects on visual responses of 328f 326—327
Neurons tuning selectivity of 178—184
Neurons types of 42—43
Neurons variety of shapes of in different areas of brain 42f
Neuroscience as data rich, but theory poor 16
Neuroscience benefits of learning procedures to 130—135
Neuroscience ethical questions in 425—426
Neuroscience overview of 17—59
Neuroscience recent progress in 4
Neurotransmitter and synaptic potential 59
Neurotransmitter in neuronal plasticity 260
Neurotransmitter inhibitory 431
Neurotransmitter receptors, mediating interneuron signaling 48
| Neurotransmitter release of 48
Neurotransmitter synthesis, transport, and storage of 49f
Nissl stain 442
NMDA cascade 273
NMDA channel, voltage-dependent 407
NMDA pores, closing of 407
NMDA receptor-induced membrane potential oscillations 410f
NMDA receptor-ionophore complex 260
NMDA receptors activation of 276
NMDA receptors as conjunction detector 263
NMDA receptors blocking of 431
NMDA receptors in generation of 265
NMDA receptors in lamprey half-center circuit 398
NMDA receptors in long-term potentiations 272—273
NMDA receptors in theta rhythm generation 267
NMDA receptors in timing of rhythmic behavior 403
NMDA receptors ion channel complex of 261f
NMDA receptors location of in brain 274
NMDA receptors temporal properties of 261
NMDA receptors time course of voltage current in 275f
NMDA receptors voltage dependence of 260 274
NMDA, inducing rhythmic firing in lamprey spinal cord 403
Noise in coarse stereopsis 203
Noise reduction of in Fusion — Net output 213—215
Noise reduction of in Marr — Poggio model 211—212
Nonlinear feedback network 84f
Nonlinear functions 62—65
Nonlinear functions squashing 109—111
Nonlinear thresholds 81—82
Norepinephrine, in neuronal plasticity 260
Novelty, ability to cope with 139
Nucleus basalis, projecting neurons originating in 57
Nucleus laminaris innervation of 419f
Nucleus laminaris, of barn owls 417
Nucleus magnocellularis, barn owl 419f
NXOR network 208—209
Nystagmus, spontaneous 363 365
Object continuity constraint 82—83
Object discrimination, specialization of region of nervous system for 50f
Occipital-temporal border region, bilateral lesions in 319
Occlusion 189 195 198
Ocular dominance computer-enhanced visualization of columns 437f
Ocular dominance emergence of 310—313
Ocular dominance oscillations 316
Ocular dominance patches 197 307—309
Ocular dominance patches characteristic patterns of 310
Ocular dominance patterns of 314—315f
Ocular dominance visualization of 436
Oculomotor muscles 356
Oculomotor system 356
Oculomotor system backpropagation as tool in understanding 378
Oculomotor system visual feedback to 357
Odors, spatial organization of 34
Ojemann, George 130
Olfactory system, topographic mapping of 33—34
Operant conditioning 240
Optical dyes 428f
Optical dyes in noninvasive membrane potential monitoring 436—439
Optimization procedure 131
Organization levels 19—21
Organization levels structure at 27—48
Oscillating circuits, spinal cord 382—388
Output vector 78 81
Output vector components of 79
Overfitting 105f
Panum's fusional area 191—192 202
Parafoveal regions 148
Parahippocampal cortex, bilateral damage to 282
Parallel distributed processing (PDP) 6
Parallel search 74
Parameter-adjusting procedures 130—131 134—135
Parameter-adjusting procedures at evolutionary level 133
Parvo cells 148
Parvo pathway 15 3—155
Patch recording 428
Pathway segregation 179
Pattern completion, in Hopfield network 90f
Pattern recognition 188
Perception see also “specific types active” 418—423
Perception brain contribution to 144—147
Perception developmental studies in 145
Perception interactivity of 220
Perspectival effects 188—189
Pharmacological agents, selective interference of 430—431
Phase space see “State space”
Phencyclidine (PCP), effect of on NMDA receptor 263
Phosphorus mapping 432—434
Photoreceptors 148 223
Photoreceptors and functions 62—65
Photoreceptors color coding mechanism at 166f
Photoreceptors dynamics of 85—86
Photoreceptors mapping between domain and range with 63
Photoreceptors width of 226
Physical implementation level 18
Physical state transitions 67
Physical systems computing in 65
Physiological levels 20
Physiological techniques 427
Place-coding 155 157
Plasticity 15 239—329
Plasticity at behavioral level 240
Plasticity categories of neuroscientific research on 240—241
Plasticity cellular mechanisms mediating 241 243
Plasticity conditions for induction of 254f
Plasticity during development of nervous systems 307—316
Plasticity in vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) 365—378
Plasticity memory and mechanisms of in neurons 254—281
Plasticity synaptic 250—254
Population-coding strategy 234—237
Positron emission tomography (PET) 428f 429 434
Positron emission tomography (PET) blood volume change measurement by 435
Positron emission tomography (PET) current spatial resolution of 435
Positron emission tomography (PET) in investigating localization of higher functions 435—436
Positron emission tomography (PET) modification in 248—250
Post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) 176 304—305
Postsaccadic activity 302f
Postsynaptic cells depolarization of 253
Postsynaptic structures, to receive neurochemicals 44—46
Potassium channels controlling voltage across 403
Potassium channels simulation in pyramidal neuron 404—405f
Potassium currents, during action potential in squid giant axon 400f
Potassium, hyperpolarization by 410
Premotor cortex, electrophysiological properties of cells in 27
Pressure-sensitive mechanoreceptors 342
Presynaptic cells, modification of 253—254
Presynaptic structures, release of neurochemicals by 44—46
Primary somatic sensory cortex, multiple representations of body surface in 33f
Principal component analysis 99—100
Principal component analysis feedforward, unsupervised networks performing 100f
Principal curvatures 183 184f
Principal curvatures extracting information about 185
Processing duration of 177
Processing levels of 23—27
Processor-processed gradations 177
Projective fields 186
Prototypes, storage of 76
Psychological life 1
Psychological processes, as brain processes 1—2
Psychophysical disparity discrimination curve 227f
Psychophysically dissectable capacities neurally close models of 13
Purkinje cells action potentials of 368
Purkinje cells behavior of 409f
Purkinje cells computer models of 402 408f 409f
Purkinje cells indirect visual inputs from 372
Purkinje cells morphology of in rat cerebellum 406—407f
Purkinje cells production of 307
Pursuit system 366
Pyramidal cells 36f
Pyramidal cells CA1 region 260—263
Pyramidal cells CA3 region 355—357
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