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Weinberg G.M. — Psychology of computer programming
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Íàçâàíèå: Psychology of computer programmingÀâòîð: Weinberg G.M. Àííîòàöèÿ: This book has only one major purpose—to trigger the beginning of a new field of study: computer programming as a human activity, or, in short, the psychology of computer programming. All other goals are subservient to that one. For instance, I have tried to make the book interesting and nontechnical, insofar as is possible, so as to encourage the greatest number of people to read it: not just programmers, but programming managers and others connected with programming in the many ways we are connected with programming these days. What I am trying to accomplish is to have the reader say, upon finishing the book, "Yes, programming is not just a matter of hardware and software.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Computer science /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1971Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 288Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 25.11.2005Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Abbreviations, and documentation 267 Abbreviations, arbitrary use of 224 Abbreviations, as compression 225—226 Ability, differences in 135—136 Acceptance testing 75—76 Access to machine room 110—111 accounting 253—254 Accounting, as observation tool 31—32 ACM Special Interest Group on Personal Research 37 Activity Vector Analysis 157 Adaptability 20—22 150 Adaptability, and egoless programming 59 Adaptability, and language 240 Adaptability, in debugging 166 Adaptability, of a democratic group 81—83 Adaptability, of a language 236—237 Adaptability, to operating environment 256—258 Administrative assistant, as status symbol 111 Administrative terminal system 264 Admission of weakness 189 Aggressiveness 53 Aily, in pressure situations 104—106 Allport, F.H. 93 Amateur programming 122—125 Amateur programming, language for 212 Ambiguity, psychological versus physical 222—223 Analytical mind 137 Anteroom, information exchange in 51 Anthropology 39 Anthropology, contrast with sociology 37 Anthropology, participant observation 31 Antisocial behavior 87—88 APL, success of 238 Appearance of work, reward for 109—110 Appley, M.H. 199 Appointed leader 80—82 Archeology on programs 12 39 Arithmetic reasoning, and programming aptitude 173—174 Aron, Joel 113 140 Arousal 248 Array operations, and linearity 232 Asch, S.E. 93 103—104 115 Assembly language, block structure in 244 Assembly language, influence on JCL 233—234 Assertiveness 150 Assumptions, in a psychological study 259 Assumptions, role in debugging 165—166 Attachment to a programming language 212 Attitude, about women 111—112 Attitude, professional versus amateur 125—126 Attributes, shown in documentation 267 Audition for programming 175—176 Auditory learning 193—194 Authoritarian 78—79 86—88 Authority, reactions to 147 Avoiding problems 164—166 awards see “Reward” Background, for programming 69 184—185 Bad programming days 57 Bakunin, Mikhail 119 Baliachey, E.L. 93 Batch, and beginners 190 Batch, simulated on-line 32—33 Batch, social structures associated with 48—49 Batch, versus time-sharing 259—262 Bebugging 248 Benefits, and employee satisfaction 80 Berkeley, Edmund C 272 Biamonte A.J. 177 Bierce, Ambrose 39 Bit-picking 76 Blackboard, importance of 207 blanks 186—188 233—234 Block structure, and linearity 232 Block structure, shown in documentation 267 Block structure, with assembly language 244 Bonus, importance of 183—184 boredom 96 Bouvard, Jacques 14 Bower, G. 200 Branching 232 Broadcast transmission 207 Brown, J.A.C 41 Bruner, Jerome 208 215 Bucholz, Werner 14 Burton, N.G. 245 Buxton, J.N. 115 Call, reference versus value 221 Cannon, W.M. 154 159 Capacity, mentai 224—229 277 Capacity, system 237—238 277 Categories, covert 220 245 Chaiienge, and motivation 99 Chaiienge, and program design 126—128 Chaiienge, and satisfaction 79—80 Change in personality 143—145 Character set, effects of 221 Cheating, in school programming 199 Cheating, on personality tests 155 Chief programmer teams 94 chunking 225 Clarity of goals 76—78 Closed shop and status 110 COBOL, goals of 239—240 Coding 76 Coding, requirements for 132 Cofer, C.H. 199 Cognitive dissonance 54—56 Cognitive dissonance, and avoidance of extremes in reporting 103 Cognitive dissonance, and goal acceptance 76 Commands, batch versus on-line 33 Comments, arbitrary placement of 224 Comments, failure to close 260 Comments, in JCL 233—234 Comments, stripped from listing 266 Comments, study of 164 Commitment to goals 76 Common room, communication functions of 49 Communication, asymmetry of 208 Communication, of objectives 130—131 Communication, operators and programmers 141—143 Communication, versus adaptability 237 Compatability, and efficiency 23 Compatability, machine to machine 8 22 Competence of supervisors 80 Compile-time facilities and adaptability 237 Compiler, diagnostics 29 Compiler, performance measures 16 23 Complementary leaders 85 Complex tasks, motivation In 182—184 Compliance 53 Composition of programming teams 69 184—185 Compression 224—229 Compression, and testing 249—250 Compression, through positional parameters 252 Compression, versus locality and linearity 231 Compromise, false 82—84 Computer Personnel Research Conference 42 200 Computing center, informal structure of 48—49 Confidence, effect on testing 247—248 Conflict, and social climate 108 Conflict, between goals 77—78 Connotative function of language 208—210 Consensus, false 76 Conservatives, liking for 156 Constraints on subject behavior 32 Consulting service 49—50 Contextual declaration 227 Continuation cards 188—188 Conversion problems 73—76 Coordination, among teams 95 Coordination, amount required 69 Corbato, F.J. 66 Correcting errors 136 Correlation coefficient 172—173 Cost, decrease per unit of computation 25 Cost, of documentation 264 Cost, of not having program on time 19—20 Cost, of psychological studies 33—35 Covert categories 220 245 Creativity in design 166 Crisis, group reaction to 81—83 Crisis, the team in 85—91 Critical case, for learning 197 Cronbach, L.J. 42 159 Cross-cultural study 85—86 CRT in debugging 274 Crutchfield, R.S. 93 Culture 39 Data structure, and compression 226 Data structure, choice of 29 Data structure, in special purpose languages 240 Data, versus information 32 Dead-end techniques 190—191 Debugging, and accounting information 253 Debugging, aptitude for 169 174—175 Debugging, documentation for 264—267 Debugging, proper placement of aids 251—253 Debugging, role of set ln 162—164 Debugging, technique for consulting 165—166 Decision tables 244 Decision tables, in documentation 267 Declaration of data types, arbitrary 29 224 Declaration of data types, implicit and contextual 227 Declaration of data types, placement of 230—231 Default, compression by 227—228 Dehumanization 211—212 Delimiter, blank as 233 Delivery service and social structure 52 Democratic, leadership of group 81—85 Democratic, team 86—88 Demonstrations 111 Depth of documentation 263 Design features, of natural language 206—208 Design features, of programming language 30—31 210—214 218—245 Designated leader 80—82 Detachment 53 Detecting errors 136 Devil's advocate 105—106 Diagnostics 16 Diagnostics, more explicit 29 Diagnostics, value of 23—24 Diaiects 245 Dialogue, man-machine 208 Dialogue, terminal possibilities 223 Difficulty of a program 165 Dijkstra, E.W. 176 Dimensions, number of 30—31 Directional reception 207 Dishonesty, in a manager 82 Dissonance see “Cognitive dissonance” Distance 162—163 Distance, of reference 249—250 Distortion of information 82 Dixon, Paul 244 Documentation 262—266 Documentation, abilities required for 132 169—170 Documentation, distaste for 183 Documentation, for modification 21 Documentation, prestige of 107—108 Drive 181 Dummy arguments 221 Duplex system, errors in 75—76 Early returns, effect on testing 250—251 Education 184—188 Effect on locality 232 Effectiveness, opposed to efficiency 25 Efficiency, and egoless programming 60 Efficiency, and subscript limitations 222 Efficiency, false 127 Efficiency, measures of 22—25 Egalitarian teams 72 Ego and programming 52—60 Egoless programming, and documentation 268 Egoless programming, and efficiency 60 Egoless programming, and personality requirements 146—147 Egoless programming, and team structure 72 Einstein, Albert 3 Elevators and informal structure 51 Elision of cases 227 Emotive function of language 208—209 Enforcement of rules 256 Enthusiasm for terminal systems 189—190 Environment, enrichment of 258 Environment, for learning 193—195 Environment, of a program 21—22 Error, and ego 52—60 Error, and turnaround 254—255 Error, automatic correction of 273 Error, extinction curve 259—260 Error, intentional introduction of 248 Error, location of 162—164 Esthetics of a program 209 Estimating, and egoless programming 59 Estimating, and operating system priority 256 Estimating, and team structure 68—69 Estimating, influenced by objectives 130—131 Estimating, of efficiency 24 Estimating, variance in 20 Ethical problems 31—32 Ethical problems, of using personality tests 153 Evaluation of programmers, through accounting 253 Evaluation of programmers, through introduced bugs 248 Exceptions, effect on memory 218—224 Executive appreciation courses 124—125 Experience, and team structure 68 70—72 Experience, as factor in subject selection 33—35 Experience, as training 185 Experienced programmers, selection of 175—176 Experienced programmers, temptation to hire 64 experiments 32—35 Extensibility, in languages 216 Extensibility, of techniques 190—191 Extremes, avoidance of 103 Fading of utterances 207 Failure, fear of 189 Failure, reasons for 113 False consensus 76 Familiarity with first programming language 212 Fano, R.M. 66 Father figure, as task specialist 85—86 Father figure, played by manager 84 Favored modes of perception 193—195 Feedback in reporting systems 102 Festinger, L.A. 54 66 Files, benefits of eliminating 238 Filtering of progress reports 100—104 First-level manager 109 Fisher, Ronald A. 21 26 240 Fixation on a programming language 104 Flexibility in debugging 166 Flow diagrams 264—265 Folk wisdom 36—37 183 262 Followership 78 Forgetting, importance of 171 Formal languages 210 Formal leader 81—62 Formal organization 47—50 Formation, of a group 63—64 Formation, of a team 68—72 89
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