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Weinberg G.M. — Psychology of computer programming
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Íàçâàíèå: Psychology of computer programmingÀâòîð: Weinberg G.M. Àííîòàöèÿ: This book has only one major purpose—to trigger the beginning of a new field of study: computer programming as a human activity, or, in short, the psychology of computer programming. All other goals are subservient to that one. For instance, I have tried to make the book interesting and nontechnical, insofar as is possible, so as to encourage the greatest number of people to read it: not just programmers, but programming managers and others connected with programming in the many ways we are connected with programming these days. What I am trying to accomplish is to have the reader say, upon finishing the book, "Yes, programming is not just a matter of hardware and software.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Computer science /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1971Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 288Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 25.11.2005Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Former programmer, as manager 76 80 Freud, Sigmund 28 41 Friedan, Betty 115 Functions, for compactness 226 Fundamental theorem of natural selection 21 240 Gagne, Robert 115 General Electric Co. 31 Generality of program function 168 Generic functions, effect on coding 9 Generic functions, lack of capability 228 Generic functions, need in subsetting 228 Genius, language designers 211 Genius, programmers 58 62—63 Geometric figures, on aptitude tests 173 Gerard, H.B. 93 Gestalt 169 Ghiselin, Brewster 178 Gleser, Goldine C 159 Global variables, placement of 230 GO TO, elimination of 232 Goals, effect on estimates 130—131 Goals, establishment of 72—78 Goals, imposition by management 81—82 Goals, multiple 69—70 Goals, of education 197—198 Goffman, Erving 66 Golde, Peggy 41 Good programming days 134 Gotterer, M. 177 Graphic skills 170 Greenberg, Joseph H. 215 Gresset, G.L. 273 Group, cost of studying 35 Group, effect on learning 189 Growth stages in team life 89—90 Gruenberger, Fred 14 Gypsy programmers 58 81 Habits, for better programming 163—164 Habits, working 194 Haire, Mason 66 Hall, C.S. 159 Hall, Douglas T. 200 Hall, Edward T. 66 Hammond, K.R. 42 Hammond, Phillip, E. 42 Hands-off management 90—91 Hardness 85 Hardware see “Machine” Hardware group 106 Hash table 22 Hawthorne Effect 31 Headship 83 Heterogeneity, of programming group 184—185 Hexadecimal, as chunking 225 Hierarchical organization 106—109 Hierarchical organization, in teams 72 Higman, Brian 216 222 Hilgard, E.R. 200 Hiring, ethics of 153 Hiring, policies 53 Historical traces in code 11—12 Hoare, C.P.R. 113 Hockett, Charles 206 215 Homographs, as mnemonics 164 Hot-box technique 84—85 Householder, J.E. 42 Human factors 42 Humility 150 Hunt, J.M. 178 Hyman, H.H. 42 IBM, and Programmer's Aptitude Test 171 IBM, Vienna Laboratory 241 Ideal programmer personality 146 Idiosyncracies, language provision for 237 IF statement and linearity 232 Image, of a programming group 66 Image, of the programming profession 52—53 Implementation, effect on coding 9 Implicit declaration 227 Incompetence, detection of 87 Incompetence, effects of 77 Indispensible man 99—100 Individual, as unit for study 259 Individual, differences 261—262 Individual, in programming 35 Individual, learning 194—195 Individual, psychology of 39 Individualistic school of programming 63—64 Indoctrination 63—64 Industrial psychology 31 Influence 80 Informal organization 47—50 Information content 218 Information, making full use of 195—197 Information, processing capacity of human beings 225 Information, versus data 32 Inhibition, retroactive and proactive 236 Innovation in a programming language 207 232—237 Insecurity, as source of contempt 204 Insubordination 79 Intelligence, stability of 149 Interaction effects 261 Interchangeability, language 207—208 Interchangeability, of people 108 Interest, and satisfaction 79—80 Interest, measurement of 156—158 Interfaces and team structure 71—72 Intermediate storage, effects on coding 8 interviewing 157 Intimidation by systems programmers 77 introspection 30 Invariants of personality 145—148 Involvement in planning 183 IQ tests 170—171 Irons, E.T. 273 Isolation, of a program 122 Isolation, of programmers 52 Iteration for compactness 225 Iverson, Ken 223 James, William 28 41 Job control language, learning 34 186—188 Job control language, syntax problems 233—234 Jones, E.E. 93 Junker, Buford H. 41 Kantowitz, Lee 115 Keats, John 209 Key people 96—100 Keying errors 224 Keyword, as variable names 223—224 Keyword, parameters 252 Keyword, setting off 266 Klerer, M. 223 244 266 274 Knuckling under 81 Kohn, Hans 94 Krech, D. 93 181 Kropotkin, Peter 45 Kuder Preference Test 157 La France, Jacques 273 Labels, as mark of poor programming 232 Language, confused with operating system 261 Language, dimensions of 206—210 Late delivery, cost of 19—20 Laver, Murray 14 Law of effect 256—258 Lawler, Edward E. 200 leadership 76—85 Learning, professional versus amateur 125 Learning, rate of 102 Learning, through varied assignments 135 Learning, transfer of 235—236 Lecht, Charles P. 139 Lecturing, effectiveness of 186—187 Leeds, H.D. 274 Left-to-right rule 223 Length of program, physical versus psychological 225 Letter series, on programmer aptitude tests 174 Levels of parentheses 29—31 Library, group 106 Library, private 124 Licklider, J.C.R. 245 Lifespan of a program 20—21 126 Limitations, language versus programmer 213—214 Limitations, of mental capacity 224—229 Lindzey, G. 93 159 Linearity 229—232 Lines of control versus lines of information 106 Linguistics 215 244—245 Literals, and locality 230 Literals, stripped from listing 266 Load adjustment, to lessen variation 24 Local variables, placement of 230 Locality 229—232 Locality, and testing 249—250 localization 169 Locating errors 136 Lock-in, in social structures 61—64 Lock-in, in testing 251 Lock-step programming 134 Logging of data 32 London, Ralph L. 273 Long-term group behavior 91—92 Long-term memory 171 Looping and linearity 232 Looseness in a language 234—235 Lovelace, Lady 206 226 Low-level operations with high-level results 227 Loyalty, to project and team 107—108 Luria, A.R. 178 Lynch, Kevin 65 Machine language, prestige of 213—214 Machine language, problems with 22 Machine language, versus assembly language 204 Machine time, adaptation to limits 79 Machine time, demands on 134 Machine time, variation in use 129 Machine, effect on coding 7—8 Machine, importance of experience on 185—186 Machine, reaction to trouble 135 Maintenance-oriented activity 85 Man-machine communication, asymmetry of 208 Management Information Systems 102 Manager, appreciation of programming 124—125 Manager, awareness of 124 Manager, change of 78—79 Manager, competence of 80 Manager, former programmer 76 80 Manager, goals of 83—85 Manager, image of egoless programming 61—64 Manager, remoteness of 109—111 Manager, rewards of 82—85 Manager, second-level 95 Manager, status symbols of 110—111 Manager, woman as 111—112 Manipulative management 82 Manuals, non-use of 213 Material culture 39 Material rewards, and satisfaction 79—80 Maxwell, J.C. 36 May, J. 223 244 266 274 Mayer, David B. 156—158 159 173 176 177 Measurements, choice of 35—38 Measurements, of programming performance 100—106 Memory 167—170 Memory, and information content 218 225 Memory, short-term versus long—term 171 Memory, synesthetic versus sequential 229 Mendelssohn, Kurt 94 Messages, from operating system 207—208 Messages, motivational qualities of 213—214 Metalanguage 208—210 Metalanguage, and adaptability 237 Metzger, Phillip W. 139 Meyer, Marshall W. 115 Miller, George A. 216 245 Mills, Harlan D. 94 274 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 153 Minsky, M. 245 MMPI 153 Mnemonic symbols 163—164 224 Mnemonic symbols, and locality 230 modifications 133 Modifications, design for 20—22 Modifications, of amateur programs 123—124 Modifications, temporary 11—12 Modifications, to documentation 264 Money, as a substitute 97—98 Money, as a symbol 184 Monitoring of execution 16 23—24 Moral problems 31—32 145 Morgenstern, Oskar 42 Morrison, Phillip 215 Mother figure as maintenance specialist 85—86 Motivation 181—184 Motivation, by messages 213—214 Motivation, for documentation 267—268 Motivation, to conceal information 103 Multi-use symbols 266 Multiprogramming, efficiency estimates in 24 Multipurpose language 237—241 Myths, in programming 39 Names, automatic changing of 267 Names, choice, of 223—224 Names, detection of pattern in 250 Natural language and sense of rightness 232—233 Naturalness of right—to—left rule 223 Naur, Peter 115 Neatness 150 Night people 194 Noise and performance 194 Note-taking and learning 194 Nuclear family 85—66 Number series on programmer aptitude tests 173—174 Objectives, ambiguous 128—131 Observation 30—32 Obsolescence, of a manager 109—110 Octal as chunking 225 Official leader 81—82 Okimoto, G.H. 164 178 On-line systems, and beginners 190 On-line systems, design of 152 On-line systems, used to simulate batch 32—33 ON-unit, non-iocal action of 231 Operating statistics, publication of 255 Operating System 251—258 Operating system, and social structure 52 Operating system, confused with language 261 Operators, redefinition of 237 Opinion survey, problems of 183 Opinions and social pressure 76 103—106 Optimism in testing 247—248 Organization, formal versus informal 47—50 Organization, system and team 73—76 OS/360, training for 186—188 Outgrowing a language 238—240 Output, full use of 195—196 Overdesign 126—128 Overlay, for compression 227 Overlay, non-local action of 231 Overmotivation 182 Overparenthesizing 223
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