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Pollock D.H. (ed.) — The infrared & electro-optical systems handbook. Countermeasure systems
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Íàçâàíèå: The infrared & electro-optical systems handbook. Countermeasure systemsÀâòîð: Pollock D.H. (ed.) Àííîòàöèÿ: The Infrared and Electro-Optical Systems Handbook is a joint product of the Infrared Information Analysis Center (IRIA) and the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE). Sponsored by the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), this work is an outgrowth of its predecessor, The Infrared Handbook, published in 1978. The circulation of nearly 20,000 copies is adequate testimony to its wide acceptance in the electro-optics and infrared communities. The Infrared Handbook was itself preceded by The Handbook of Military Infrared Technology. Since its original inception, new topics and technologies have emerged for which little or no reference material exists. This work is intended to update and complement the currentlnfrared Handbook by revision, addition of new materials, and reformatting to increase its utility. Of necessity, some material from the current book was reproduced as is. havingbecn adjudged as being current and adequate. The 45 chapters represent most subject areas of current activity in the military, aerospace, and civilian communities and contain material that has rarely appeared so extensively in the open literature.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ôèçèêà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1993Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 508Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 31.01.2011Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Laser beams, spreading loss 115 Laser beams, visibility 114—117 127 Laser beams, wavefront division 128—129 Laser damage 269—271 Laser damage thresholds 330—334 345 Laser designators 9 13 17 Laser hazard protection 323—358 Laser hazard protection, energy-density calculation 353—357 Laser hazard protection, exposure 326—335 Laser hazard protection, laser hazards 325—326 Laser hazard protection, ocular susceptibility 335—337 Laser hazard protection, optical retroreflection 337—339 Laser hazard protection, protection example 350—352 Laser hazard protection, protection technologies 339—350 Laser hazard protection, protection technologies, ablative/sacrificial materials 345—346 Laser hazard protection, protection technologies, fixed filters 340—342 Laser hazard protection, protection technologies, holographic filters 348—350 Laser hazard protection, protection technologies, mechanical shutters 340 Laser hazard protection, protection technologies, nonlinear photon localization/nonlinear mirror 349 Laser hazard protection, protection technologies, optical limiters 342—345 Laser hazard protection, protection technologies, optical switches 344—345 Laser hazard protection, protection technologies, photorefractive limiters 348—349 Laser hazard protection, protection technologies, rugate filters 346—347 Laser hazard protection, protection technologies, self-focusing/defocusing limiters 346—348 Laser hazard protection, protection technologies, spectral bandpass selection 339—340 Laser hazard protection, protection technologies, thermal lensing limiters 347 Laser hazard protection, protection technologies, tunable filters 342—343 Laser hazard protection, resources 352—353 Laser hazard protection, sensor susceptibility 326 Laser hazards 325—326 Laser hazards, laboratory 325 Laser hazards, military 326 Laser indicator spots 143 Laser linewidth 26 Laser power 269—270 Laser rangefinders 13 17 Laser safety 325—358 Laser scatter 34—36 110 Laser target splash 35—36 110 115—116 Laser warning receivers, background levels 54—55 Laser warning receivers, background levels, battlefield sources 55 Laser warning receivers, background levels, cosmic rays 55 Laser warning receivers, background levels, electromagnetic interference 55 Laser warning receivers, background levels, lightning 55 Laser warning receivers, background levels, sun glint 55 Laser warning receivers, basics 3—4 Laser warning receivers, electronic support measures 13—15 18 119 127 Laser warning receivers, equipment 128—142 Laser warning receivers, equipment, angle-of-arrival techniques 135—138 Laser warning receivers, equipment, coherence detection techniques 129—133 Laser warning receivers, equipment, coincidence circuit rejection of false signals 129 Laser warning receivers, equipment, detector protection 141 Laser warning receivers, equipment, detectors 139 Laser warning receivers, equipment, dynamic range 140 141—142 Laser warning receivers, equipment, electronic circuits 139—142 Laser warning receivers, equipment, matched filter design 139—140 Laser warning receivers, equipment, spectral measurements 133—135 Laser warning receivers, equipment, time-of-arrival techniques 138—139 Laser warning receivers, equipment, wavefront vs amplitude division 128—129 Laser warning receivers, laser intercept event 109—110 Laser warning receivers, laser signature propagation 33 Laser warning receivers, laser signature propagation, atmospheric attenuation 33—34 Laser warning receivers, laser signature propagation, atmospheric scattering 34—35 Laser warning receivers, laser signature propagation, scintillation 36—38 Laser warning receivers, laser spectral ranges 10 Laser warning receivers, laser threats 9 Laser warning receivers, measures of effectiveness 16—18 Laser warning receivers, observables 24—29 Laser warning receivers, observables, coherence 26—28 Laser warning receivers, observables, laser beam irradiance 29 Laser warning receivers, observables, laser scatter 29 Laser warning receivers, observables, source parameters 24—25 Laser warning receivers, radiometric analysis 113—127 Laser warning receivers, radiometric analysis, clutter and false signals 127 Laser warning receivers, radiometric analysis, coherence measurement 127 Laser warning receivers, radiometric analysis, duration 118—119 Laser warning receivers, radiometric analysis, noise 120—124 Laser warning receivers, radiometric analysis, peak amplitude 113—118 Laser warning receivers, radiometric analysis, probability of detection/false alarms 124—127 Laser warning receivers, radiometric analysis, receiver sensitivity 124—125 Laser warning receivers, radiometric analysis, scintillation 119—120 Laser warning receivers, self-protection 13—14 118 127 Laser warning receivers, signal detection 73—79 Laser warning receivers, signal detection, laser photon statistics 73 Laser warning receivers, signal detection, pulse detection in white noise 74 Laser warning receivers, signal detection, scintillation effects 74—78 Laser warning receivers, system overview 110—113 Laser warning receivers, system overview, amplitude measurement 112 Laser warning receivers, system overview, design issues 111 Laser warning receivers, system overview, noise and false alarms 113 Laser warning receivers, system overview, parametric measurement 112 Laser warning receivers, system overview, source localization measurement 112 Laser warning receivers, system overview, spectral measurement 112 Laser warning receivers, system overview, target lasers/spectral band 111 Laser warning receivers, system overview, temporal measurement 113 Laser warning receivers, testing 142—148 Laser warning receivers, testing, test configuration 147—148 Laser-induced damage 325—358 Laser-induced damage, cw lasers 330 332 Laser-induced damage, damage thresholds 330—334 Laser-induced damage, pulsed 330 332 Lasers, 9 25 27 111 334 Lasers, coherence 26—28 Lasers, coherent jammer sources 275 Lasers, coherent jammer sources, HF/DF 275 Lasers, coherent jammer sources, solid-state 275 Lasers, communications lasers 18 Lasers, eyesafe 111 334 Lasers, gallium arsenide 9 25 Lasers, high-power 269—271 Lasers, military 25 28 Lasers, Nd:glass 9 25 Lasers, Nd:YAG 9 25 334 Lasers, Q-switched 25 Lasers, quasi-cw 127 Lasers, radiation patterns 28—29 Lasers, ruby 9 25 Lasers, spectral bands 111 Lasers, tunable 133 Lasers, weapons lasers 17 127 334 Latency time 15 Lead selenide 164 198—199 Lead sulfide detectors 164 Lightning 55 127 129 Likelihood ratio 70—71 Limiters, optical 342—345 Limiters, photorefractive 348—349 Limiters, self-focusing/defocusing 346—348 Limiters, thermal lensing 347 Line of sight 368—369 416—423 Line of sight, rotation rate 247 258 262 267 Log-amplitude variance 76—78 Log-normal size distributions 398 Log-normal size distributions, by mass of particles 373—377 401 Log-normal size distributions, by number of particles 372 374—375 Log-normal size distributions, measured 375 378 401 403 LOWTRAN 11 30 49 80—81 183 184 206 222—223 312 313 Luminance 366 Mahalanobis distance 68 Mappers 170—171 Masks, angle-of-arrival determination 137—138 Masks, binary code 138 Masks, gray code 138 Mass extinction coefficients 398—405 Materials, properties 186—187 Maxwell — Garnett approach 194 Mechanical fracture 330 Mechanical shutters 340 350 Mercury cadmium telluride detectors 165 Metals 198 Metals, reflectivity 22—23 Meteorological factors 363 461—469 Meteorological factors, ambient radiation 467—468 Meteorological factors, cloud cover 469 Meteorological factors, heat flux 466 Meteorological factors, humidity and water vapor 368 378 380 397—398 466 468—469 472 Meteorological factors, mixing height 462 465 Meteorological factors, stability and turbulence 363 462 464—466 Meteorological factors, surface roughness parameter 464 Meteorological factors, temperature 363 406 465—466 468—469 474 486 Meteorological factors, terrain and surface roughness effects 363 379 462 464 Meteorological factors, transport and diffusion 462. 466 Meteorological factors, visibility 361 378 476—478 Meteorological factors, water vapor partial pressure 469 Meteorological factors, wind speed and direction 363 462—464 466 Michelson interferometers 130—133 246 Mie scattering 35 Mie scattering, codes 142 Mie theory 380—381 390—396 401 403 407—408 410 411 Millimeter-wave target detection 24 86—88 89 Millimeter-wave target detection, atmospheric attenuation 89 Millimeter-wave target detection, material emissivities 87 Millimeter-wave target detection, radiometric contrast 87 Millimeter-wave target detection, radiometric sky temperature 87 Millimeter-wave target detection, range equation 87 Minimum resolvable contrast (MRC) 475—476 489 Minimum resolvable temperature (MRT) 475—476 489 Mirrors 109 Missile exhaust plume emissions 18—21 24 84 92 99—100 Missile proximity fuze applications 25 Missile signatures 18—20 92 see Missile signatures, ballistic missiles 99—100 Missile signatures, propagation 29—33 Missile signatures, spatial characteristics 82 Missile signatures, temporal characteristics 83 Missiles see also “Strategic warning systems” “Tactical Missiles, beam-rider 19 Missiles, cruise 97 Missiles, infrared 247—250 Missiles, intercontinental ballistic (ICBM) 3 13 97—100 103 109 Missiles, intercontinental ballistic (ICBM), IR signatures 99—100 Missiles, intercontinental ballistic (ICBM), trajectories 98—99 Missiles, submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM) 24 97—100 103 109 Missiles, surface-to-air (SAM) 3 11—12 96 Missiles, thrust 21 Modulation transfer function (MTF) turbulence and aerosols 414—417 476 485 Modulation, jamming 237 258—275 Modulation, jamming, depth of modulation 273—274 Modulation, jamming, electronic 271—273 Modulation, jamming, mechanical 271—273 Moments 432—435 456—457 478 480—483 Monostatic sources 189 Mosaic detectors 251 255 Moving target indication 106—107 Navier — Stokes equations 206 Near field 28 Neyman — Pearson detection criterion 70 Noise equivalent bandwidth 58 63 108 Noise equivalent charge carriers 64 Noise equivalent irradiance (NEI) 61—62 94 208—210 Noise equivalent power (NEP) 62—63 96 107 Noise equivalent target (NET) 107—109 Noise, amplifier noise current 95 Noise, detector/thermal 16 Noise, detector—visible band 122—123 Noise, electronic readout 56 Noise, Johnson 16 113 121—123 124 Noise, photon noise current 95—96 Noise, preamplifier 56 Noise, quantum shot 54 Noise, solar shot noise 16 120—122 Noise, thermal 95 Noise, white Gaussian 57—62 Nonlinear devices 342—345 349 Nonlinear photon localization/nonlinear mirror 349 Nutation circle 262—263 266—267 Obscurants/obscuration 188 319 361—362 366 368—369 375 409 424 432—433 458 461 465 470 476 479 486—487 Obscurants/obscuration, dust, blowing 372 375—377 387—389 391 Obscurants/obscuration, dust, high explosive 372 375—377 379 381 393 396 401—403 410—412 Obscurants/obscuration, dust, vehicular 372 375—378 394 396 401—403 410 421 Obscurants/obscuration, smoke, fire 361 372 375—379 381 384—386 390 395 396 403—405 421—422 Obscurants/obscuration, smoke, fog oil 375—378 381 384—385 391 394 401—403 407 410—412 415 421—422 473 Obscurants/obscuration, smoke, hexachloroethane 375—378 396 411—412 415 Obscurants/obscuration, smoke, white and red phosphorus 375—378 381—383 396 398—400 411—412 415 Obscuration countermeasures 359—493 Obscuration countermeasures, contrast 458—461 Obscuration countermeasures, contrast, apparent contrast 458—460 Obscuration countermeasures, contrast, contrast transmission 460 Obscuration countermeasures, contrast, Lambertian reflection and emissivity 460—461 Obscuration countermeasures, contrast, sky-to-ground ratio 461 Obscuration countermeasures, extinction coefficients 380 390—406 Obscuration countermeasures, extinction coefficients, broadband wavelength effects 405—406 Obscuration countermeasures, extinction coefficients, hygroscopic growth effects 396—398 Obscuration countermeasures, extinction coefficients, mass extinction coefficients 398—405 Obscuration countermeasures, extinction coefficients, Mie theory 390—396 Obscuration countermeasures, extinction coefficients, particle settling 405 Obscuration countermeasures, forward scattering 409—423 Obscuration countermeasures, forward scattering, calculation of 412—413 Obscuration countermeasures, forward scattering, effects on received radiance 409—412 Obscuration countermeasures, forward scattering, modulation transfer function 414—417 Obscuration countermeasures, forward scattering, optical depth fluctuations 417—423 Obscuration countermeasures, meteorological factors 461—469 Obscuration countermeasures, meteorological factors, ambient radiation 467—468 Obscuration countermeasures, meteorological factors, atmospheric mixing height 465 Obscuration countermeasures, meteorological factors, atmospheric stability 465—466 Obscuration countermeasures, meteorological factors, cloud parameterization 469 Obscuration countermeasures, meteorological factors, long-wave global irradiance 468 Obscuration countermeasures, meteorological factors, relative humidity 466 Obscuration countermeasures, meteorological factors, short-wave global irradiance 468 Obscuration countermeasures, meteorological factors, surface roughness parameter 464 Obscuration countermeasures, meteorological factors, water vapor partial pressure 469 Obscuration countermeasures, meteorological factors, wind 462 Obscuration countermeasures, meteorological factors, wind speed 462—464 Obscuration countermeasures, multiple-scattering effects 406—409 Obscuration countermeasures, multiple-scattering effects, nonspherical particles 407—409 Obscuration countermeasures, multiple-scattering effects, single-scattering albedo 406—407 Obscuration countermeasures, multiple-scattering effects, single-scattering phase function 407 Obscuration countermeasures, obscurant interactions with propagating radiance 366—367 Obscuration countermeasures, obscuration and concealment 470—489 Obscuration countermeasures, obscuration and concealment, camouflage 486—487 Obscuration countermeasures, obscuration and concealment, deception 487—489 Obscuration countermeasures, obscuration and concealment, detectable energy reduction 470—475 Obscuration countermeasures, obscuration and concealment, gray-level histograms 478—480 Obscuration countermeasures, obscuration and concealment, image metrics 483—486 Obscuration countermeasures, obscuration and concealment, image moments 480—483 Obscuration countermeasures, obscuration and concealment, meteorological visibility 476—478 Obscuration countermeasures, obscuration and concealment, minimum resolvable temperature and contrast 475—476 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer 423—458 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, aerosol absorption effects 435 452 454—455 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, azimuth averaging 430—431 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, azimuthal dependence and single scattering 452—453 456 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, diffuse transmission and reflection operators 429 431—432 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, flux integrals 426—427 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, Henyey — Greenstein phase function 429—430 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, optical depth, vertical 427—428 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, optical source function 424—425 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, plane parallel approximation 427 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, propagation equations 428—429 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, radiative transfer equation 423—424 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, radiative transfer tables 433—434 436—451 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, scattering contributions 435 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, surface global irradiance example 453 457 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, surface irradiance 432—433 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, thermal emission 425—426 Obscuration countermeasures, radiative transfer, upward and downward propagation 427 Obscuration countermeasures, scattering coefficients 372—389 Obscuration countermeasures, scattering coefficients, index of refraction 380—389 Obscuration countermeasures, scattering coefficients, particle size distributions 372—380 Obscuration countermeasures, symbols, nomenclature, and units 363—364 Obscuration countermeasures, transmittance/extinction 367—371
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