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Winterbone D.E. — Advanced thermodynamics for engineers
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Íàçâàíèå: Advanced thermodynamics for engineers
Àâòîð: Winterbone D.E.
Àííîòàöèÿ: Although the basic theories of thermodynamics are adequately covered by a number of existing texts, there is little literature that addresses more advanced topics. In this comprehensive work the author redresses this balance, drawing on his twenty-five years of experience of teaching thermodynamics at undergraduate and postgraduate level, to produce a definitive text to cover thoroughly, advanced syllabuses.
The book introduces the basic concepts which apply over the whole range of new technologies, considering: a new approach to cycles, enabling their irreversibility to be taken into account; a detailed study of combustion to show how the chemical energy in a fuel is converted into thermal energy and emissions; an analysis of fuel cells to give an understanding of the direct conversion of chemical energy to electrical power; a detailed study of property relationships to enable more sophisticated analyses to be made of both high and low temperature plant and irreversible thermodynamics, whose principles might hold a key to new ways of efficiently covering energy to power (e.g. solar energy, fuel cells). Worked examples are included in most of the chapters, followed by exercises with solutions. By developing thermodynamics from an explicitly equilibrium perspective, showing how all systems attempt to reach a state of equilibrium, and the effects of these systems when they cannot, the result is an unparalleled insight into the more advanced considerations when converting any form of energy into power, that will prove invaluable to students and professional engineers of all disciplines.
ßçûê:
Ðóáðèêà: Ôèçèêà /Òåðìîäèíàìèêà, ñòàòèñòè÷åñêàÿ ôèçèêà /
Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö
ed2k: ed2k stats
Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1997
Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 378
Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 09.10.2005
Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Equations of state, virial 128
Equilibrium 1—9 208 218—257 265—266 317 345 351—358
Equilibrium constant 228—259 283 354
Equilibrium, chemical 218—257 351—358
Equilibrium, condition 1—9 275—276 282
Equilibrium, dynamic 218 222 349
Equilibrium, mechanical 1—2 14
Equilibrium, metastable 2 8 211 292
Equilibrium, neutral 14
Equilibrium, of mixtures 225—233
Equilibrium, stable 1—4 8
Equilibrium, static 222 317 333
Equilibrium, thermal 1—9
Equilibrium, thermodynamics 1 -9 345
Equilibrium, unstable 1—4 8 140
Equivalence ratio 186—205 222—225 233—257 296—306
ethane 135 185 192 217 296
Ethanoll 85 192 213 217
evaporation 115—117 124
Exergy 13 36—43 64—82 359
Exergy change 37—39 42
Exergy of reaction 40—41
Exothermic combustion 182—313
Exothermic reaction 188—190
Expansion, coefficient of 114 123 125 144
Expansion, isenthalpic 141—154
Expansion, isentropic 22—24 30—34 69—82
Expansion, non-isentropic 22—24 69—82
Explosion limits 294—296
External irreversibility 68 73 85—96
Faraday constant 347—360
Faraday's law of electrolysis 347
Fick'sLaw 319 332
First law of thermodynamics 5 13—15 37 52 141 188—205 233—238 245—257 347—348
Fischer — Tropsch process 188
Flame 291—313
Flame quenching 303—304 308
Flame speed 292—303
Flame speed factor 302—303
Flame speed, laminar 292—302
Flame speed, turbulent 302—303
Flame traverses charge 291
Flame, diffusion 291 297 305—306
Flame, extinction 303—304
Flame, laminar 183 296—302
Flame, premixed 292—305 307—309
Flame, stretch 303—304
Flammability limits 296 303—304
Flash tank 139
Flue gas desulfurisation 286
Fluorine 293
Fourier's law of conduction 316—332
Fraction of reaction 226—231
Frank — Kamenetskii 297
Fuel 184—192 208—217
Fuel cell 289 345—361
Fuel cell, hydrogen-oxygen 345 353 356 359
Fuel injection 291 306 310
Fuel, structure 208—217
Fuel-air ratio, see air-fuel ratio
Functional relationships 100—118
Galvanic cell 345 350
Gas constant, specific 113 125—129 158
Gas constant, universal 123—128 160
Gas turbine 76—82 276 287 291 305—306 312—313
Gas, ideal 105—107 110 121—123 144 158—178 195—205 233—238 245—257
Gas, perfect see also ideal gas
Gas, superheated 75—76 .101 115 121—128
Gas, van der Waals' 123—128
Gasoline 217
Gay — Lussac's law 121—122
Gibbs 36
Gibbs energy 6—9 13—14 65 124 129 130—131 163—166 218—233 265 289 292 345 351—361
Gibbs energy, effect of composition 218—221 229—231
Gibbs energy, effect of pressure 219
Gibbs energy, effect of temperature 219
Gibbs energy, minimum 8 231 292—293
Gibbs energy, molar 163—165 352
Gibbs energy, specific 165
Gibbs function see Gibbs energy
Gibbs potential see Gibbs energy
Gibbs-Dalton laws 172—175
Glassman 286
Global warming 287
Governing, qualitative 292
Governing, quantitative 292
Greenhouse effect 287
Hartley 319 332
Hatsopoulos 2
Haywoodl 5 152
Heat cascading 57
Heat engine, endo-reversible (internally reversible) 85—96
Heat engine, externally irreversible 85—96
Heat engine, irreversible 64—82
Heat engine, reversible 5—7 14—21 64—82 85—96
Heat exchanger 37—40 150—154
Heat exchanger, counterflow 37—40
Heat exchanger, irreversible 39—40 154
Heat exchanger, reversible 37—39
Heat flow 317—339
Heat flow, capacity 49—60
Heat flow, rate 321—322
Heat of formation 65 187—205 208—217 241—242
Heat of reaction 64 187—217 238—239 355—359
Heat of transport 326 331 338
Heat release (combustion) 312
Heat release (combustion), diagram 312
Heat transfer 37—40 47—60 85—96 321—339
Heat transfer, coefficient 86
Heat transfer, conductance 88—92
Heat transfer, irreversible 39—40 85—96
Heat transfer, network 49—60
Heat transfer, rate 24 86—92 316—341
Heat transfer, resistance 90
Heat transfer, reversible 5 15 37—39
Heavy fuel 184 286
Heikal 302
Helmholtz energy 5—9 13—14
Helmholtz function see Helmholtz energy
Heptane 185 217
Hess' law 190—191 204 208 235 245—257
Heterogeneous combustion 183 291 305—306
Hexane 217
Heywood 30 245 282—283
Homogeneous combustion 183 292 305—306
Honda 292
Horlock 245 268
Hot utility 47—60
Hydrocarbons 40—41 136—138 159 182—187 208—217 224—225 245—257 265—275 288 345
Hydrocarbons, saturated 185
Hydrocarbons, unsaturated 185
Hydrochloric acid 351
Hydrogen 135 148 164 169 192 293—296 300 351—359
Hydrogen, engine 288
Hydrogen, oxygen fuel cell 345—359
Hypergolic mixture 293—294 311
Ideal gas see gas ideal
Ideal gas, mixtures see mixtures of ideal gases
Ignition 291—293 304 307 310—311
Ignition, delay 311
Ignition, minimum energy 305
Ignition, timing 303
Indirect injection diesel engine 309—310
Injection, direct 309—310
Injection, fuel 309
Injection, indirect 309
Injection, nozzle 309
Intercooled regenerated gas turbine 287—288
INTERFACE 346—350
Intermediate combustion zone 313
Internal combustion engine see engine
Internal energy 5—6 18—20 26—34 37—40 100—105 109—111 160—162 167—170 174—175 187—205 233—257 347—349
Internal energy of formation 187—188 208 212
Internal energy of reaction 187—189 235 248—249
Internal energy, molar 160 165 176
Internal energy, products 189—205 233—257
Internal energy, reactants 189—205 233—257
Internal energy, specific 100 160 165
Internal energy-temperature diagram 190 194 265
Internally reversible 21
Interval heat balance 52
Inversion point 142 143 147 150
Inversion temperature 142
Inversion temperature, maximum 145—146
Inversion temperature, minimum 145—146
Irreversibility 21—36 65—82 154
Irreversible engine 65—82
Irreversible heat transfer 3 39—40 85—96
Irreversible thermodynamics 9 316—341
Isenthalpic line 142—154
Isenthalpic process 142—154
Isentropic compressibility 115
Isentropic compression 15—18 24—25 65—82
Isentropic efficiency 22—25 30—34 69—82
Isentropic expansion 22—24 30—34 69—82
Iso-octane 192 217 300
Isobar 115—118 129—131
Isotherm 115—118
Isotherm, critical 125—131
Isothermal compressibility 114—115 122 125
Jets 305—306 310
Joule experiment 110
Joule — Thomson coefficient 106 141—142 151
Joule — Thomson effect 143—148
Joule — Thomson experiment 141—149
Joulean heating 323—334
Junction, thermocouple 322—332
Karlovitz number 303—304
Keck 299
Keenan 2 4 36
Kinematic viscosity 302
Kinetic theory of gases 123 278 316
Kinetics, chemical see chemical kinetics
Kinetics, rate see chemical kinetics
Knock 183 296 309
Knudsen 339
Kuehl 301
Laminar flame, speed 296—305
Laminar flame, theories 297—299
Laminar flame, thickness 303
Lancaster 303
Latent heat 115—118 210—217
Lavoie 245 281—282
Law of corresponding states 125—126
Law of mass action 225—232 278
Laws of Thermodynamics, First 5 37 52 141 188—205 233—238 245—257 347—348
Laws of Thermodynamics, Second 2—9 13—43 64—82 100—118 175—178
Laws of Thermodynamics, Third 162—163
Le Chatelier 297
Lean burn engines 304
Lean mixture, see air-fuel ratio
Lewis 299
Lewis number 298 303—304
Linde liquefaction plant 148—154
Linnhoff 47 49
Liquefaction 135—154
Liquefied natural gas 136 138
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) 136
Liquid line, saturated 113—118 135—154
Liquid phase 113—118 135—154 210—217
Luminous region 297
Lurgi process 188
Macroscopic theories 316
Mallard 297
Mass action, law of 225—232 278
Mass transfer 320 332—342
Maximum power 85—96
Maximum work 5—6 15—36 73
Maximum work, output 85—96
Maximum work, useful 6 15—36 64—79 351 357
Maxwell, equal area rule 129—131
Maxwell, relationships 100—118 144
May combustion chamber 307—308
Metgalchi 299
methane 41 135 164 170 185 191—192 212 217 240—242 256 267—275 296 300
Methane, exergy of reaction 41
Methanol 185 192 217 300 345
Minimum energy for ignition 305
Minimum net heat supply 47—60
Minimum temperature difference 47—60
Misfire 304
Mixing zone, flame 306
Mixture 185—187 222—225 265 276
Mixture, air-fuel ratio 30—31 225 265—275 292
Mixture, entropy 175—178
Mixture, fuel-air ratio, see air-fuel ratio
Mixture, hypergolic 293—294 311
Mixture, ideal gases 158 165 172—178 276
Mixture, rich 186 222 224 233—238 245—254 265—275 300
Mixture, specific heats 175
Mixture, stoichiometric 186 216—217 233 267 269 299
Mixture, strength see air-fuel ratio
Mixture, weak or lean 186 222 245 265—271 300
Molar availability 15
Molar concentration 277—284
Molar properties 160 165 174
Mole fraction 173 229—230 239 245 268 270 273—274 283—285
Molecular weight 158—159 217 299
Mollier (h-s) diagram 150
Multiplication factor (combustion) 295—296
naphthalene 209 217
Natural gas 137—138 217 272
Natural gas, liquefaction 137—138
Net rate of formation 276—285
Net work 19 64—82 348
Network heat transfer 49—60
Nitric oxide 164 170 182 225 242—247 254—257 273—275 280—289
Nitric oxide, formation 182 242 257 273—275 280—289
Nitric oxide, initial rate of formation 282—285
Nitric oxide, prompt 280
Nitric oxide, thermal 280
Nitrogen 135 145 148 159 164 167 257 270
Nitrogen, atmospheric 159
Nitrogen, atomic 164 242—245 273—275 282
Nitrogen, oxides of 266 273 276 286 345
Nitrous oxide 282
NO see nitric oxide
Non-available energy 6 21—22 37
Non-flow availability 15—18 30
Non-isentropic expansion 22—24 69—82
NOX see oxides of nitrogen
Number density 277
octane 185 217 245—254 267—275 300
Octane, enthalpy of reaction 32 217
Octane, exergy of reaction 41
OH-radical 243—245 281 293—295
Ohm's law 316—318 324
Ohmic heating 329
Onsager 316
Onsager, reciprocal relationship 319—322 342 360
Optimum temperature ratio 87—96
Orimulsion 286
Ostwald 345
Otto cycle 30—34 68 267
Oxidant 182
Oxides of nitrogen see nitrogen oxides
Oxygen 9 135 145 148 159 164 167 185 192 196—205 208—217 218—257 265—275 292—306
Oxygen, atomic 164 242—245 273—275 282—285
Ozone 286
PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) 287
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